膈肌肌质网非序列依赖性DNA结合蛋白与膈肌功能的关系

目的：探讨膈肌纤维肌质网是否存在非序列依赖性DNA结合蛋白,并观察它与膈肌功能的关系。方法：Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、急性气胸组和心痛定组,差速离心法分离大鼠膈肌纤维肌质网（sarcoplasmic reticulum,SR）膜蛋白,采用Western免疫印迹技术分离出SR非序列依赖性DNA结合蛋白,并观察此蛋白在急性气胸和给予心痛定时的变化特征。结果：大鼠膈肌SR上存在非序列依赖性DNA结合蛋白,相对分子质量分别为60000道尔顿和78000道尔顿。急性气胸时和给予心痛定时,非序列依赖性DNA结合蛋白的量有变化。结论：大鼠膈肌纤维SR上存在非序列依赖性DNA结合蛋白,该DNA结合蛋白可能与膈肌功能状态和Ca^2 信号系统密切相关,它在膈肌和骨骼肌的病理生理过程中起重要作用。     

p53蛋白多肽片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

在所有研究过的人体肿瘤组织或细胞中，ｐ５３似乎是突变频率最高的一个基因，研究和检测ｐ５３基因及其编码产物的变化将具有很需要的意义，我们将野生型ｐ５３基因编码３＇端７０３ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ片段插入到大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０，得到了一个重组体表达质粒ｐＲＲ３３，经热诱导表达，用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法证实ｐ５３蛋白多肽在大肠杆菌中得到了表达，它不仅可用于抗ｐ５３蛋白抗体的制备，而且也可用     

p53蛋白多肽片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

在所有研究过的人体肿瘤组织或细胞中,ｐ５３似乎是突变频率最高的一个基因,研究和检测ｐ５３基因及其编码产物的变化将具有重要的意义。我们将野生型ｐ５３基因编码区３’端７０３ｂｐ的ｃＤ－ＮＡ片段插入到大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０中,得到了一个重组体表达质粒ｐＲＲ３３,经热诱导表达,用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法证实ｐ５３蛋白多肽在大肠杆菌中得到了表达,它不仅可用于抗ｐ５３蛋白抗体的制备,而且也可用于对ｐ５３蛋白羧基端多肽功能的研究。     

肌足蛋白的研究进展

肌足蛋白(myopodin)是新近发现的突足蛋白(synaptopodin)家族的第二个成员。除了突足蛋白外,它和其他已知的蛋白质没有明显的同源关系。肌足蛋白可以直接与肌动蛋白相互作用,因此它也是一种结构蛋白。研究发现,肌足蛋白在细胞中的分布受到细胞分化及胁迫的调控,并且它在细胞核中的定位对抑制膀胱癌有一定的作用;同时发现肌足蛋白基因在细胞中的部分或全部缺失与前列腺癌的发生有关,因此它也有可能作为前列腺癌的临床检测标记。     

SMC蛋白的结构和功能

近年来新发现的一类蛋白－染色体结构维持蛋白（SMC蛋白,structural maintenance of chromosome proteins)与染色体结构细胞周期性的动态变化紧密相关,它们参与有丝分裂染色体的集缩和分离,性染色体的剂量补偿效应,姐妹染色单体的内聚作用（cohesion),遗传重组和DNA修复等过程,本从生化特性和生物学功能两方面叙述了对SMC蛋白的研究。     

桩蛋白的结构与功能

桩蛋白(paxillin)是近年来发现的一种信号蛋白,主要定位于黏着斑,包含LD模体、LIM结构域、SH2和SH3结合结构域,在整个分子中还散在着多种磷酸化位点,共同构成了桩蛋白的多结构域性结构。桩蛋白分子本身的酶活性尚不清楚,但很可能作为细胞内的一种接头蛋白与多种功能蛋白质结合。另外．作为黏着斑的重要组成部分,桩蛋白不仅参与了整合蛋白介导的信号转导和黏着斑的组装,在细胞黏附和迁移过程中也发挥了重要作用。     

植物SNARE 蛋白的结构与功能

在真核生物细胞囊泡运输过程中的膜融合主要是由SNARE蛋白介导的, SNARE蛋白的结构高度保守。研究发现, 植物中的SNARE蛋白促进植物细胞板形成, 能与离子通道蛋白相互作用, 有利于植物的正常生长发育, 能提高植物的抗病性及参与植物的向重力性作用。应用基因组学和蛋白质组学技术结合细胞学水平上的分析方法有助于深入揭示植物SNARE蛋白家族成员的功能, 明确SNARE蛋白在信号转导途径中的作用, 阐明动植物免疫系统的区别和联系。     

Conformational Dynamics of Titin PEVK Explored with FRET Spectroscopy

The proline-, glutamate-, valine-, and lysine-rich (PEVK) domain of the giant muscle protein titin is thought to be an intrinsically unstructured random-coil segment. Various observations suggest, however, that the domain may not be completely devoid of internal interactions and structural features. To test the validity of random polymer models for PEVK, we determined the mean end-to-end distances of an 11- and a 21-residue synthetic PEVK peptide, calculated from the efficiency of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between an N-terminal intrinsic tryptophan donor and a synthetically added C-terminal IAEDANS acceptor obtained in steady-state and time-resolved experiments. We find that the contour-length scaling of mean end-to-end distance deviates from predictions of a purely statistical polymer chain. Furthermore, the addition of guanidine hydrochloride decreased, whereas the addition of salt increased the FRET efficiency, pointing at the disruption of structure-stabilizing interactions. Increasing temperature between 10 and 50°C increased the normalized FRET efficiency in both peptides but with different trajectories, indicating that their elasticity and conformational stability are different. Simulations suggest that whereas the short PEVK peptide displays an overall random structure, the long PEVK peptide retains residual, loose helical configurations. Transitions in the local structure and dynamics of the PEVK domain may play a role in the modulation of passive muscle mechanics.     

PH结构域的结构和功能研究进展

PH结构域是一种存在于多种信号转导蛋白和细胞骨架蛋白中的大约由120个氨基酸组成的功能性区域.不同蛋白质中的PH结构域在一级结构上的同源性并不很高,但其空间结构中肽链主链的折叠方式基本相同,而主要差别存在于其中的三个可变环上,含有这些环的侧面带有正电荷,被认为可能是其配体的结合部位.目前已知的配体有G蛋白βγ亚单位（Gβγ）、蛋白激酶C（PKC）和磷脂酰肌醇衍生物（PIP₂或IP₃）,所以PH 结构域可能介导信号蛋白与这些分子间的相互作用,参与细胞信号转导网络的构成.     

蛋白质PX结构域的结构和功能

本文重点介绍了近年不断发现的许多蛋白质结构中含有一个特异的结构域（hox homolog)－PX结构域。蛋白质通过PX结构域与膜肌醇磷脂结合靶蛋白质结合到细胞膜上,然后发挥蛋白质的各自功能。现已鉴定含PX结构域的蛋白质约有100多种,这些蛋白质参与蛋白质转运和信号转导。     

纤维素酶纤维素吸附区的结构与功能

大多数纤维素酶含有催化区和可与纤维素结合且氨基酸序列较为保守的纤维素吸附区(cellulosebindingdomain,CBD)。纤维素吸附区促进酶与底物的结合,有利于催化区对不溶性底物的作用,但对可溶性底物的催化作用无影响。对CBD结构的研究和进一步的诱变研究揭示:纤维素吸附区是通过几个芳香族氨基酸结合到纤维素表面。有实验证明外切葡聚糖酶的CBD对结晶纤维素有疏解作用。CBD结构域已成功地应用于一系列重组融合蛋白的纯化和固定化。对纤维素吸附区结构与功能的深入了解对进一步了解酶的作用机制,促进纤维素酶类生物技术的发展是重要的 。     

Structure and Function of Palladin's Actin Binding Domain

Here, we report the NMR structure of the actin-binding domain contained in the cell adhesion protein palladin. Previously, we demonstrated that one of the immunoglobulin domains of palladin (Ig3) is both necessary and sufficient for direct filamentous actin binding in vitro. In this study, we identify two basic patches on opposite faces of Ig3 that are critical for actin binding and cross-linking. Sedimentation equilibrium assays indicate that the Ig3 domain of palladin does not self-associate. These combined data are consistent with an actin cross-linking mechanism that involves concurrent attachment of two actin filaments by a single palladin molecule by an electrostatic mechanism. Palladin mutations that disrupt actin binding show altered cellular distributions and morphology of actin in cells, revealing a functional requirement for the interaction between palladin and actin in vivo.     

Changes in Titin Structure during Its Aggregation

Molecular Biology - In this paper, the property of the muscle titin protein to form in vitro specific amyloid-like aggregates is discussed. The main difference from the known amyloid aggregates is...     

Solution NMR Structure of Titin N2A Region Ig Domain I83 and Its Interaction with Metal Ions

Titin, the largest single chain protein known so far, has long been known to play a critical role in passive muscle function but recent studies have highlighted titin’s role in active muscle function. One of the key elements in this role is the Ca²⁺-dependent interaction between titin’s N2A region and the thin filament. An important element in this interaction is I83, the terminal immunoglobulin domain in the N2A region. There is limited structural information about this domain, but experimental evidence suggests that it plays a critical role in the N2A-actin binding interaction. We now report the solution NMR structure of I83 and characterize its dynamics and metal binding properties in detail. Its structure shows interesting relationships to other I-band Ig domains. Metal binding and dynamics data point towards the way the domain is evolutionarily optimized to interact with neighbouring domains. We also identify a calcium binding site on the N-terminal side of I83, which is expected to impact the interdomain interaction with the I82 domain. Together these results provide a first step towards a better understanding of the physiological effects associated with deletion of most of the I83 domain, as occurs in the mdm mouse model, as well as for future investigations of the N2A region.     

The Myofibrillar Protein,Projectin, is Highly Conserved Across Insect Evolution Except for Its PEVK Domain

All striated muscles respond to stretch by a delayed increase in tension. This physiological response, known as stretch activation, is, however, predominantly found in vertebrate cardiac muscle and insect asynchronous flight muscles. Stretch activation relies on an elastic third filament system composed of giant proteins known as titin in vertebrates or kettin and projectin in insects. The projectin insect protein functions jointly as a “scaffold and ruler” system during myofibril assembly and as an elastic protein during stretch activation. An evolutionary analysis of the projectin molecule could potentially provide insight into how distinct protein regions may have evolved in response to different evolutionary constraints. We mined candidate genes in representative insect species from Hemiptera to Diptera, from published and novel genome sequence data, and carried out a detailed molecular and phylogenetic analysis. The general domain organization of projectin is highly conserved, as are the protein sequences of its two repeated regions—the immunoglobulin type C and fibronectin type III domains. The conservation in structure and sequence is consistent with the proposed function of projectin as a scaffold and ruler. In contrast, the amino acid sequences of the elastic PEVK domains are noticeably divergent, although their length and overall unusual amino acid makeup are conserved. These patterns suggest that the PEVK region working as an unstructured domain can still maintain its dynamic, and even its three-dimensional, properties, without the need for strict amino acid conservation. Phylogenetic analysis of the projectin proteins also supports a reclassification of the Hymenoptera in relation to Diptera and Coleoptera. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.