Two notes on the speciesHesperis unguicularis boiss

I correct the diagnosis ofHesperis unguicularis Boiss. Diagn. ser. 2, No. 5: 21, 1856 ac Fl. or. 1232, 1867. I evaluateHesperis transcaucasica Tzvel. Mat. Gerb. Inst. 19130, 1959 as a synonym of the taxonHesperis unguicularis Boiss.     

Morphological,palynological, seed‐coat surface and karyological studies of Hesperis bicuspidata and H. stellata (Cruciferae) from Turkey

The taxonomic delimitation of Hesperis bicuspidata (Willd.) Poir. and H. stellata F. Dvo?ák is problematic, and we therefore studied morphological, palynological, seed‐coat surface and karyological features of both species to determine their degree of similarity. The morphology was described using 13 characters, each based on ten measurements on different specimens. Hesperis stellata and H. bicuspidata both show large variation in vegetative and reproductive organs; petal length varies between 18 and 26 mm and petal width is 3–7 mm; the corolla is lilac, whitish lilac, violet, dark violet or white in color, and fruits of both species are generally glabrous or have very short bifurcate hairs. Pollen and seed morphology were examined by LM and SEM. Pollen of both species is prolate‐spheroid or subprolate, tricolpate and reticulate. Their exine structures are the same. Hesperis bicuspidata is diploid (2n=14) but different chromosome types were present in the two studied specimens. Hesperis stellata is tetraploid (2n=28) showing the same chromosome types as the samples of H. bicuspidata. Eighteen morphometrical characters of H. bicuspidata, H. stellata, H. pisidica and H. armena were analysed by ANOVA. Notes on ecology and distribution are also presented for H. bicuspidata. Based on the results, H. stellata is reduced to a synonym of H. bicuspidata.     

A revision of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gomphostemma</Emphasis> (Lamiaceae) in Sabah and Sarawak

A taxonomic revision of the genus Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth. in Sabah and Sarawak is presented. Three species, G. microcalyx Prain, G. javanicum (Blume) Benth., and G. curtisii Prain are recognised; one new species, G. hirsutum Walsingham, is described.     

Hybrids of the Genus Hesperis

(1) The taxon Hesperis silvestris CRANTZ d̊) var. pachycarpa BORB . Magy. Bot. Lap. 1:376, 1902 is a hybrid arisen by crossing of H. sylvestris with H. matronalis. (2) In the gardens are cultivated, besides H. matronalis L. subsp. matronalis and H. matronalis L. subsp. nivea (Baumg.) KULZC . also the hybrid plants: Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis X Hesperis matronalis subsp. nivea.     

A contribution to the study of the evolution on Hesperis series Matronales CVĚL. emend. DVOŘÁK

The Taxon Hesperis theophrasti BORB . subsp. sintenisii DVOŘÁK subsp. nov. is described. The migration of the species of Hesperis series Matronales took place in a western and southwestern direction from the development centre situated probably in the mountain-ranges bordering northern Asia in the south. In the southwestern migration trent three parts can be distinguished: “The Balkan part of the southwestern migration trend”; “The Asia Minor-Crimea-Caucasus part of the southwestern migration trend”; “The central Asian part of the southwestern migration trend.”     

Notes on the speciesHesperis pulmonarioides Boiss.

Summary An emendation of the diagnosis of the speciesHesperis pulmonarioides Boiss. is made.Hesperis majuscula Foukn. is a synonym ofHesperis pulmonarioides.Hesperis pulmonarioides includes two forms differing by the length and by the shape of the pollen grains (f. pulmonarioides; f.subglobosa Dvoák f. nova).     

Problems of the taxon Hesperis leucoclada BOISS

The publication gives the results of the study of the taxon Hesperis leucoclada BOISS . Ann. Sci. nat. ser. 2,13, 69 (1842) ac BOISS ., Fl. or. 1 , 232, 1867. The taxon has cotyledons conduplicate. Hesperis leucoclada is reclassified under the genus Gynophorea GILLI .     

A new species of Cestrum (Solanaceae) from the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela

A new species ofCestrum from the Cordillera de Mérida in Trujillo state is described and illustrated.Cestrum darcyanum, morphologically similar toC. microcalyx Francey, is distinguished by dendritic pubescence on its branchlets and leaves, larger corolla, stamens distended and geniculate above their point of adnation to the corolla, and larger calyx. A key is provided for species of VenezuelanCestrum possessing dendritic pubescence.     

Testing hypotheses of functional relationships: a comparative survey of correlation patterns among floral traits in five insect-pollinated plants

To test hypotheses on the evolution of functional relationships, phenotypic correlations among floral traits were estimated in five species of insect-pollinated plants. The species studied were wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), canola (Brassica napus), phlox (Phlox divaricata), dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis), and black mustard (Brassica nigra). Six floral traits were measured on each species. In three of the five species the correlations between the filaments and corolla tube were significantly greater than the other floral correlations. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that selection for proper anther placement to enhance pollination has increased the filament-corolla tube correlations in these three species. In contrast, none of the species showed evidence of selection for an optimal stigma placement; the correlations between the pistil and corolla tube lengths were not greater than the other floral correlations in any of the five species.     

The chromosome morphology ofHesperis matronalis subsp.matronalis and related diploid taxa

Hesperis matronalis L. subsp.matronalis contains various genoms having the same chromosome number (2n=24), differing, however, by ther-index of some pairs of homologous chromosomes. Diploid sets of the taxaHesperis matronalis L. subsp.matronalis, Hesperis sylvestris Crantz subsp.sylvestris, Hesperis sylvestris Crantz subsp.velenovskyi (Fritsch) Borza andHesperis steveniana DC. are compared.     

Hesperis graeca sp. nova

Zusammenfassung Die neue Art der GattungHesperis L.:Hesperis graeca Dvorák, sp. n., wird beschrieben und ihrer Stellung nach festgestellt.     

Effect of nitrogen, water and neighbor density on the growth of Hesperis matronalis and two native perennials

Disturbance is a well-recognized catalyst of exotic species invasion, depriving or releasing resources into communities and favoring the spread of some invaders. Hesperis matronalis (dame’s rocket) is widespread in North America and has potential to become a major problem in natural communities due to anthropogenic influences. We used a target-neighbor design in a greenhouse to grow H. matronalis and native seedlings (Campanula rotundifolia and Muhlenbergia montana) at various levels of neighbor density, nitrogen and water. H. matronalis clearly reduced C. rotundifolia and M. montana aboveground growth and maintained its competitive advantage across all treatments. We expected H. matronalis to maximize its growth and have the greatest negative effect on native species under high resource conditions because ruderal species are able to take advantage of excess resources. H. matronalis demonstrated a clearly negative effect on native species, but a particular ability to outcompete native species at high resource levels depended on resource and native species identity. We also expected that the native species would not exploit excess resources as well as H. matronalis, instead growing better under ambient or low resource conditions because of local adaptation. Rather, M. montana benefited from high water inputs, inconsistent with plant strategies characteristic of stress tolerators. Information on the effects of H. matronalis on native plants in a controlled setting may aid land managers to understand its potential effects in natural communities.     

Einschlußkörper in viruskrankenHesperis-Zellen

Zusammenfassung An einer Anzahl vonHesperis Candida undHesperis matronalis-Pflanzen zeigten sich im Botanischen Garten im Frühjahr 1959 Symptome einer Mosaikkrankheit. In den Trichomen der Blätter, in der Epidermis der Blattmittelrippe, in der Oberhaut des Stengels sowie in der Epidermis der Fruchtwand traten oft auffallend große protoplasmatische X-Körper auf. in denen sich Viruseiweißkristalle verschiedener Größe und Form bildeten.Herrn Professor Dr. Adolf Sperlich zum 80. Geburtstag.     

Hesperis stellata sp. nova

Zusammenfassung Die neue Art der GattungHesperis L.:Hesperis stellata Dvoák sp. nova, wird beschrieben. Ihre Stellung wird festgestellt.     

Hesperis trullata sp. nova

Zusammenfassung Die neue ArtHesperis trullata sp. nova wird beschrieben. Ihre systematische Stellung wird festgestellt.     

Hesperis ovata sp. nova

Zusammenfassung Die neue ArtHesperis ovata Dvoák sp. nova wird beschrieben. Ihre Stellung wird besprochen.     

Coevolution of pierid butterflies and their cruciferous foodplants IV. Crucifer apparency and Anthocharis cardamines (L.) oviposition

Summary The oviposition behaviour of the butterfly Anthocharis cardamines has been examined, using the methods of strong inference to investigate foodplant choice. Adaptive explanations for females ovipositing mainly on unshaded, young and large individuals of Alliaria petiolata are rejected in favour of explanations based on apparency to searching females. Floral characters shown to influence intraspecific foodplant apparency are then examined in comparisons between crucifer species, and are shown to explain well the observed deposition of A. cardamines eggs. Cruciferae such as Barbarea vulgaris and Hesperis matronalis, although poor for larval survival, receive many butterfly eggs as a result of large, persistent inflorescences. The contrasting and opposing effects of hostplant apparency and defence are discussed.     

Impacts of land use on riparian forest along an urban – rural gradient in southern Manitoba

Extensive landscape modification by humans has led to the fragmentation of riparian forests across North America. We compared the vegetation of extant riparian forest along an urban-rural disturbance gradient. In 1999, twenty-five sites along Assiniboine River in Manitoba, Canada were categorized according to land use: urban, suburban, high intensity rural, low intensity rural, and relatively high quality reference forest. Differences in herbaceous, shrub, and tree species composition and diversity were related to the proportion of surrounding land use, forest patch size, connectivity, and area:perimeter ratio. Urban riparian forests were more disturbed and isolated. They were smaller and characterized by drier, more alkaline soils. Moreover, they had significantly lower native and overall understorey species diversity, and had a higher proportion of exotics including Solanum dulcamara and Hesperis matronalis. Suburban forests were less disturbed, faced greater development pressure, and had sandier soils. Although suburban understorey diversity was similar to that of rural forests, suburban sites had a higher proportion of exotic species, especially escaped horticultural and invasive species including Caragana arborescens and Rhamnus cathartica. Reference sites were relatively large and exhibited greater connectivity, but there was little difference in species composition and diversity among high intensity rural, low intensity rural, and reference sites. These site types were less disturbed than either urban or suburban forests, and reference sites were characterized by hydrophilic species including Scirpus fluviatilis and Carex aquatilis. Our results suggest that landscape measures of disturbance, and related changes in environment, may be confidently used to assess impacts of land use on vegetation along urban-rural gradients. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Nectar-carbohydrate production and composition vary in relation to nectary anatomy and location within individual flowers of several species of Brassicaceae

Nectar-carbohydrate production and composition were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzymology in nine species from five tribes of the Brassicaceae. In six species (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., Brassica napus L., B. rapa L., Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., Raphanus sativus L., Sinapis arvensis L.) that produced nectar from both lateral nectaries (associated with the short stamens) and median nectaries (outside the long stamens), on average 95% of the total nectar carbohydrate was collected from the lateral ones. Nectar from these glands possessed a higher glucose/fructose ratio (usually 1.0–1.2) than that from the median nectaries (0.2–0.9) within the same flower. Comparatively little sucrose was detected in any nectar samples except from Matthiola bicornus (Sibth. et Sm.) DC., which possessed lateral nectaries only and produced a sucrose-dominant exudate. The anatomy of the nectarial tissue in nectar-secreting flowers of six species, Hesperis matronalis L., L. maritima, M. bicornus, R. sativus, S. arvensis, and Sisymbrium loeselii L., was studied by light and scanning-electron microscopy. Phloem alone supplied the nectaries. However, in accordance with their overall nectar-carbohydrate production, the lateral glands received relatively rich quantities of phloem that penetrated far into the glandular tissue, whereas median glands were supplied with phloem that often barely innervated them. All nectarial tissue possessed modified stomata (with the exception of the median glands of S. loeselii, which did not produce nectar); further evidence was gathered to indicate that these structures do not regulate nectar flow by guard-cell movements. The numbers of modified stomata per gland showed no relation to nectar-carbohydrate production. Taken together, the data on nectar biochemistry and nectary anatomy indicate the existence of two distinct nectary types in those Brassicacean species that possess both lateral and median nectaries, regardless of whether nectarial tissue is united around the entire receptacle or not. It is proposed that the term “nectarium” be used to represent collectively the multiple nectaries that can be found in individual flowers. Received: 21 July 1997 / Accepted: 19 September 1997     

Australian Iphimediidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Australian species of the iphimediid amphipod genus Iphimedia are revised. Based on new material from inshore and continental shelf habitats six new species are described: Iphimedia beesleyae; I. filmersankeyi; I. kateae; I. lisae; I. neuweileri and I. oetkeri. Four established species are redescribed: I. ambigua Haswell, 1879; I. discreta Stebbing, 1910; I. edgari (Moore, 1981) and I. warraina (Thomas and Barnard, 1991). A key to Australian species of Iphimedia is provided. Full article published online at http://www.senckenberg.de/odes/06-09.htm