Finite element modeling and simulations in orthopedics: a bibliography 1998–2005

The paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element modeling and simulations in orthopedics from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The bibliography lists references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations that were published between 1998 and 2005. At the end of this paper 1264 references are given dealing with subjects as: bones and their parts, special tissues; spine mechanics; movable joints and computational modeling.     

Finite element modelling and simulations in cardiovascular mechanics and cardiology: A bibliography 1993–2004

The paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element modelling and simulations in cardiovascular mechanics and cardiology from the theoretical as well as practical points of views. The bibliography lists references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations that were published between 1993 and 2004. At the end of this paper, more than 890 references are given dealing with subjects as: Cardiovascular soft tissue modelling; material properties; mechanisms of cardiovascular components; blood flow; artificial components; cardiac diseases examination; surgery; and other topics.     

Finite element modelling and simulations in cardiovascular mechanics and cardiology: a bibliography 1993-2004

The paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element modelling and simulations in cardiovascular mechanics and cardiology from the theoretical as well as practical points of views. The bibliography lists references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations that were published between 1993 and 2004. At the end of this paper, more than 890 references are given dealing with subjects as: Cardiovascular soft tissue modelling; material properties; mechanisms of cardiovascular components; blood flow; artificial components; cardiac diseases examination; surgery; and other topics.     

Finite Element Modelling and Simulations in Dentistry: A Bibliography 1990–2003

The paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element modelling and simulations in dentistry from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The bibliography lists references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations that were published between 1990 and 2003. At the end of this paper, more than 700 references are given dealing with subjects such as: dental materials; oral and maxillofacial mechanics and surgery; orthodontics, tooth movement, orthodontic appliances; root canals, filling and therapy; dental restorations and other topics.     

Finite element modelling and simulations in dentistry: a bibliography 1990-2003

The paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element modelling and simulations in dentistry from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The bibliography lists references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations that were published between 1990 and 2003. At the end of this paper, more than 700 references are given dealing with subjects such as: dental materials; oral and maxillofacial mechanics and surgery; orthodontics, tooth movement, orthodontic appliances; root canals, filling and therapy; dental restorations and other topics.     

Using views of Systems Biology Cloud: application for model building

A large and growing network (“cloud”) of interlinked terms and records of items of Systems Biology knowledge is available from the web. These items include pathways, reactions, substances, literature references, organisms, and anatomy, all described in different data sets. Here, we discuss how the knowledge from the cloud can be molded into representations (views) useful for data visualization and modeling. We discuss methods to create and use various views relevant for visualization, modeling, and model annotations, while hiding irrelevant details without unacceptable loss or distortion. We show that views are compatible with understanding substances and processes as sets of microscopic compounds and events respectively, which allows the representation of specializations and generalizations as subsets and supersets respectively. We explain how these methods can be implemented based on the bridging ontology Systems Biological Pathway Exchange (SBPAX) in the Systems Biology Linker (SyBiL) we have developed.     

The SAFARI 2000 – Kalahari Transect Wet Season Campaign of year 2000

Over 50 scientists from eight different countries coordinated research efforts in the Kalahari sand mass in Zambia and Botswana during the 2000 wet season as a part of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative – Kalahari Transect Wet Season Campaign (S2K‐KT Wet Season Campaign). The work focused on change in ecological processes along the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme‐designated Kalahari Transect (KT). Topics included ecosystem structure, function, biogeochemistry, and modeling at the patch, landscape and regional scale. The KT of southern and central Africa follows a sharp precipitation gradient within an otherwise climatically and geographically similar region that contains a widely distributed, physically uniform soil and relatively little variation in elevation. This paper outlines the focus of the SAFARI 2000 research campaign as it relates to this study area and provides references to archived data sets generated during the study. It also describes vegetation patterns, climate, and 2000 wet season meteorological conditions for the region.     

Outcomes and Benefit Modeling for Information Systems Investment

This paper discusses the importance of modeling in the planning and management of an information system. The paper specifically addresses three different levels of modeling, referred to as macro, meso, and micro models, and discusses some issues involved in quantifying the variables for the micro model. The paper indicates how these different types of business models may be used in the information systems environment.     

Normalization references for Europe and North America for application with USEtox? characterization factors

Purpose

In life cycle impact assessment, normalization can be a very effective tool for the life cycle assessment practitioner to interpret results and put them into perspective. The paper presents normalization references for the recently developed USEtox? model, which aims at calculating globally applicable characterization factors. Normalization references for Europe and North America are determined, and guidance for expansions to other geographical regions is provided.

Materials and methods

The base years of the European and North American inventories are 2004 and 2002/2008, respectively. Emission data were extracted from two literature sources referring to each of the considered regions. The inventory for North America was adapted to avoid extrapolation of data from other regions and thus bring consistency with the emission inventory for Europe. In spite of different inventory assumptions, a similar coverage of substances was obtained for both regions with relatively high representation of metals and a number of organic compounds, mainly consisting of non-methane volatile organic compounds and pesticides. The two inventory sets were eventually characterized with the characterization factors (CFs) calculated with the version 1.0 of the USEtox? model and substance database; both interim and recommended CFs were used.

Results and discussion

Normalization references are provided for Europe and North America for the three USEtox? toxic impact categories; ratios between the normalization references for the two regions in all cases lie below a factor of 3. Causes for the observed discrepancies are found to be different inventory assumptions as well as variations in the type and intensity of actual emissions between the two regions. Additional causes are inventories that only cover a limited number of substances, and the characterization model, which can only provide interim factors for certain substances like metal compounds. Based on these causes and on a review of recent studies on normalization references, a list of substances to be prioritized when collecting emission data was built, demonstrating the importance of metals.

Conclusions

In the perspective of further refining the presented normalization references and of calculating new references for other regions, guidance is provided including a list of priority substances that should be considered when building emission inventories for normalization references.     

2012 年全球上市新药

对2012 年全球上市新药的基本信息,包括通用名、商品名、结构式、CAS 号、研发公司、上市国家和主要适应证进行汇总,为新药研发工作者提供参考。     

贵州省两栖动物生存状况评价及其保护需求初探

针对我国野生动物保护的实情,为便于各省区有关部门制订野生濒危动物的保护等级,通过对国内外物种濒危等级标准的全面分析,建议省级保护物种濒危等级的数量标准为:濒危级En分布面积为1个县;易危级T分布面积小于3个县;关注级C分布面积小于5个县.结合贵州省两栖动物已有文献资料数据及作者近三十年来野外考察数据,按上述指标对贵州省已知的72种两栖动物的濒危等级进行了评估.     

植物学综述论文的写作及遴选

结合自己的工作实践,阐述了综述论文写作的特点类型和要求,从编者的角度对综述报道内容的侧重点、作者群、对参考文献的要求、写作格式、遴选、审编要求等方面进行了论述,提出了一看选题,二看作者,三看参考文献的选稿技巧,以及在平衡比较中遴选,在达到总体评审要求的稿件中遴选的方法。     

Engineering the Virtual Enterprise: An Architecture-Driven Modeling Approach

The managerial and organization practices required by an increasingly dynamic competitive manufacturing, business, and industrial environment include the formation of “virtual enterprises.” A major concern in the management of virtual enterprises is the integration and coordination of business processes contributed by partner enterprises. The traditional methods of process modeling currently used for the design of business processes do not fully support the needs of the virtual enterprise. The design of these virtual enterprises imposes requirements that make it more complex than conventional intraorganizational business process design. This paper first describes an architecture that assists in the design of the virtual enterprise. Then it discusses business process reengineering (BPR) as a methodology for modeling and designing virtual organizations. While BPR presents many useful tools, the approach itself and the modeling tools commonly used for redesign have fundamental shortcomings when dealing with the virtual enterprise. However, several innovative modeling approaches provide promise for this problem. The paper discusses some of these innovative modeling approaches, such as object-oriented modeling of business processes, agent modeling of organizational players, and the use of ontological modeling to capture and manipulate knowledge about the players and processes. The paper concludes with a conceptual modeling methodology that combines these approaches under the enterprise architecture for the design of virtual enterprises.     

Every laboratory with a fluorescence microscope should consider counting molecules

Protein numbers in cells determine rates of biological processes, influence the architecture of cellular structures, reveal the stoichiometries of protein complexes, guide in vitro biochemical reconstitutions, and provide parameter values for mathematical modeling. The purpose of this essay is to increase awareness of methods for counting protein molecules using fluorescence microscopy and encourage more cell biologists to report these numbers. We address the state of the field in terms of utility and accuracy of the numbers reported and point readers to references for details of specific techniques and applications.     

The early extinction date of the beaver (Castor fiber) in Britain

This paper re-examines the evidence for the extinction of the beaver (Castor fiber) in South Britain and Scotland. Much of the evidence found by previous scholars is discounted as unreliable or outdated. A new study looks at reliable historical sources and studies references to the beaver in the context of references to comparable mammals, especially the most ecologically comparable [polecat (Mustela putorius), pine marten (Martes martes), otter (Lutra lutra) and badger (Meles meles)]. Each of these mammals was present in every period studied, meaning that medieval authors were reliable witnesses to the species' presence. The beaver is present in comparable numbers to the other mammals in South Britain 1188–1307 and in Scotland 1526–1600, meaning that as a species it was frequently recorded by humans. References to it cease after 1308 in South Britain, except a single anomalous entry, and after 1600 in Scotland. The idea that this reflects a sample bias or random chance is discounted. The paper rejects the late extinction scenario and concludes that the beaver became extinct by 1300 in South Britain and by 1600 in Scotland.     

An active learning approach to investigate the ecosystem of tide flats using 3D modeling and printing

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an active learning approach that focuses on practical investigation of the ecosystem of tidal flats using 3D modeling and printing for biology students in order to enhance understanding of natural selection. The learning approach for the study followed a 5-step procedure: i) learning about 3D modeling and printing, ii) exploration of the ecosystem of tidal flats, iii) 3D designing of a bird beak, iv) 3D printing of a constructed beak, and v) a natural selection simulation activity. The learning method presented in this study centered on active student exploration of the tidal flats ecosystem using 3D modeling and printing. The learning approach presented in this paper could be implicated at schools to aid in students’ understanding of natural selection as it allows students to firsthand examine simulation changes to a bird beak and benthic communities. This study suggested the active learning method for natural selection as it incorporates student-designed exploration and direct investigative appraisal of the selection process.     

壁虎药用价值的研究进展

壁虎是对蜥蜴亚目壁虎科所有蜥蜴的通称,其作为中药材使用具有悠久的历史。结合近年来国内外对壁虎药用价值的研究成果,综 述了壁虎在抗肿瘤、调节机体免疫力和促进再生等方面的活性及相关机制研究进展,旨在为壁虎药用价值的深入探索提供参考。     

天然高分子吸附剂研究进展

本文综述了蛋白质、淀粉、甲壳素、纤维素等天然高分子材料作为吸附剂使用的研究进展情况,对它们的制备方法、使用范围和应用前景作了介绍,引用文献122篇。     

唾液乳杆菌的研究进展

唾液乳杆菌属于乳杆菌科、乳杆菌属,广泛地存在于人和动物的肠道。近年来,唾液乳杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物益生菌制剂的生产。在分析与唾液乳杆菌相关的文献和生物信息数据的基础上,就唾液乳杆菌的生物学特征、作用机制、应用及发展前景进行了简要综述,为唾液乳杆菌的研究提供参考。