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高硝化活性亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的培养和应用研究 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
针对本实验室筛选得到的一株亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(nitrite-oxidizingbacteria),研究了在28℃~30℃、摇床转速为110r/min时,pH、氮源、碳源、NaCl、有机物对菌体生长的影响。结果表明,培养基pH8·0~8·5、NaNO2含量4,500mg/L、Na2CO3含量1·5g/L、NaCl含量0~0·5%、葡萄糖含量0~0·1%时,亚硝酸盐氧化细菌生长良好,培养9d时,细菌浓度可达4·6×109MPN/mL,且培养基中的NO2--N能全部被硝化为NO3--N。培养基中NaCl含量大于0·5%、葡萄糖含量大于0·1%时,亚硝酸盐氧化细菌对氮源的利用受到抑制。亚硝酸盐氧化细菌降解淡水养殖池塘中的NO2--N试验表明,在水温25℃、pH8·6的池塘中,NO2--N从菌体投放后的第3d开始下降,18d后NO2--N由1·47mol/L下降至0·49mol/L。 相似文献
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硝酸盐是海洋微生物可利用氮的主要形式,也是限制表层海洋生物生产力的主要营养物质,海洋中的硝酸盐主要由氨和亚硝酸盐的氧化产生。探索亚硝酸盐氧化细菌在海洋生态系统中的生态位以及对环境变化的响应机制,对认识微生物参与的氮循环具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了海洋亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的研究进程及其主要种类,并总结了其主要的生理生态学特征,指出微生物在海洋生态系统变迁中所衍生出的适应对策。基于当前的研究现状,展望亚硝酸盐氧化细菌未来的研究方向,以期更好地了解海洋中亚硝酸盐的氧化过程,为进一步认识氮在生物地球化学中的循环奠定基础。 相似文献
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一株异养型亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的分离及其降解特性的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以亚硝酸盐和琥珀酸钠作为惟一氮、碳源从活性污泥中筛选分离一株能够高效氧化亚硝酸盐的硝化菌株,并对其形态学、生理生化及16S rDNA同源性进行分析,在此基础上研究pH、温度、转速、初始亚硝基氮的浓度以及盐浓度对其氧化亚硝酸盐的影响。结果显示,在好氧条件下,该菌株能在12 h内将356.004 mg/L亚硝酸盐降解99.53%。根据形态学特征、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA同源性分析,初步将该菌株鉴定为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri),并将其命名为LYS-86。该菌株氧化亚硝酸盐的最适pH8.0-10.0,温度30℃,转速180 r/min,盐浓度1 g/L。当培养基中初始亚硝酸盐浓度为0.5 g/L时,菌株LYS-86的硝化活性最高,随着培养基中初始亚硝基氮浓度的不断提高,菌株LYS-86的硝化活性会不断下降。本研究利用硝化细菌选择性培养基从活性污泥中筛选到了一株异养型亚硝酸氧化菌菌株,该菌株具有高效的硝化活性,为今后该菌株的实际应用及理论研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation,N-DAMO)是耦合氮循环和碳循环的关键环节,主要是由亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化菌(Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera)介导完成,对于研究全球氮和碳元素的生物地球化学循环具有重要意义。本文首先总结了国内外N-DAMO的影响因素和在不同自然生态系统中的分布;然后阐述了N-DAMO菌的生理生化特性及其富集培养优化实验和检测技术,最后探讨了N-DAMO技术的应用现状。本综述不仅有助于揭示全球碳氮循环的耦合作用机制,也为N-DAMO反应耦合其他厌氧生物处理过程应用到污水的除碳脱氮上提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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随着功能微生物介导的亚硝酸盐型厌氧甲烷氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation,N-DAMO)过程被发现,人们对自然界的碳氮循环有了全新的认识,该过程成为自然生态系统中温室气体甲烷的汇,同时还是氮污染的消减途径。本文系统介绍了N-DAMO过程反应机理以及参与该过程的亚硝酸盐型厌氧甲烷氧化细菌(Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera)的生理生化特征,并对研究该功能菌的分子微生物方法进行了汇总。通过对不同自然生境中该细菌的研究报道进行总结分析,揭示各生境中年均降水量、年均温度、所处不同自然区等大尺度宏观环境因子及碳源、氮源、pH和氧气含量等生存因子对其群落结构的潜在影响,最后在展望中提出此功能菌在未来可深入研究的方向,期望能厘清厌氧甲烷氧化过程及其功能菌在碳、氮循环中的生态学功能。 相似文献
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亚硝酸盐是氮循环过程的中间产物,其积累超过一定量则会抑制微生物的生长与代谢,也会给人与水生生物带来健康风险。而在高氮污水生物脱氮工艺中,持续维持亚硝酸盐的积累能实现短程硝化过程,降低生物脱氮的能耗进而降低运营成本。本文综述了在水环境中亚硝酸盐积累的生物过程与积累原因,并对影响亚硝酸盐积累的因素进行了总结,旨在为提高污水处理过程中氮的去除效率,降低运营成本,减少排放污水及自然水体中亚硝态氮含量提供参考。 相似文献
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黄铁矿的细菌氧化 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobarillus ferrooxidam,T-M)菌株在黄铁矿I和II上的生长和氧化的效果。用粒径一300网目的矿粉,进行了5%矿浆浓度的摇瓶浸出试验,获得细胞量108—109个/ml,浸出铁分别为18.9g/L和18.6g/L,比无菌对照快56—60倍,说明黄铁矿只靠空气化学氧化极其缓慢。浸出的铁和生成硫酸量的计算值与化学理论值基本相似。扩大矿石粒径至一20 mn,用矿量20 kg的柱式细菌连续浸出近一年的结果表明,浸出铁速度稳定在0.6—1.5 g/L/d,pH值下降至0·95一l·0的最佳水平。最佳浸出pH为2.0,pH范围1.0—5.0。适应菌株T—py在黄铁矿上生长比原始菌T—M的生长迟缓期缩短,加速了铁的浸出和硫酸产生的速度。在黄铁矿浸出系统中,未发现元素硫存在。此文还讨论了细菌
氧化黄铁矿的机制。 相似文献
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Lebedeva EV Alawi M Fiencke C Namsaraev B Bock E Spieck E 《FEMS microbiology ecology》2005,54(2):297-306
Samples from three hot springs (Alla, Seya and Garga) located in the northeastern part of Baikal rift zone (Buryat Republic, Russia) were screened for the presence of thermophilic nitrifying bacteria. Enrichment cultures were obtained solely from the Garga spring characterized by slightly alkaline water (pH 7.9) and an outlet temperature of 75 degrees C. The enrichment cultures of the ammonia- and nitrite oxidizers grew at temperature ranges of 27-55 and 40-60 degrees C, respectively. The temperature optimum was approximately 50 degrees C for both groups and thus they can be designated as moderate thermophiles. Ammonia oxidizers were identified with classical and immunological techniques. Representatives of the genus Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira-like bacteria with characteristic vibroid morphology were detected. The latter were characterized by an enlarged periplasmic space, which has not been previously observed in ammonia oxidizers. Electron microscopy, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing provided evidence that the nitrite oxidizers were members of the genus Nitrospira. 相似文献
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Toxic effects exerted on methanogenic, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria by chemicals used in a milk analysis laboratory 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J. Lpez-Fiuza B. Buys A. Mosquera-Corral F. Omil R. Mndez 《Enzyme and microbial technology》2002,31(7):976-985
The toxic effects caused by the chemicals contained in wastewaters generated by laboratories involved in raw milk analyses were assessed using batch assays. These assays were carried out separately with methanogenic, ammonium-oxidizing, nitrite-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria. Since sodium azide is one of the main components of the chemical mixture present in these streams, a set of assays was carried out with the whole chemical mixture, and another one was performed only with azide as the sole toxicant. The concentrations of all chemicals in the raw wastewaters (100%) were the fundamental references used to assess the relative concentrations corresponding to a decrease of 50% in bacterial activity (IC50). The results obtained showed that nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were the most sensitive microorganisms, with IC50 relative concentrations around 0.04%. The values obtained for the other groups were: 20, 20 and 33% for methanogenic, ammonium-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria, respectively. 相似文献
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一株中度嗜盐细菌whb45的鉴定及其抗菌与抗肿瘤活性筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从盐场中分离鉴定中度嗜盐细菌并对其潜在的抗菌和抗肿瘤活性进行评价。从山东威海的鹿道口盐场分离嗜盐细菌,对菌株whb45进行形态学和生理生化特性研究,测定其16SrRNA序列并通过同源性比对进行系统发育分析,采用抗菌和细胞毒模型进行活性筛选。试验结果表明,菌株whb45为中度嗜盐细菌,whb45与Halobacillus trueperi在形态和生理生化特征方面最接近,16SrRNA序列相似性为99%。whb45的粗提物对多种细菌、真菌和肿瘤细胞的生长都具有较强的抑制作用,可以作为发现生物活性物质的潜在的新来源。 相似文献
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一株高效降酚菌的质粒特性及柠檬酸细菌表达的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在焦化废水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选的降酚效果较好的菌株H,研究其质粒特性并提取其降解质粒将其转入柠檬酸细菌进行表达。结果表明H菌株具有质粒,且质粒片段较大最大的超过10 kb,最小的2 kb左右。通过SDS和原生质体再生法分别对H菌进行质粒消除,结果发现质粒去除的菌株降酚能力也随之消失。说明H菌株的质粒上有控制酚降解基因存在;提取H菌的质粒将其转入柠檬酸细菌进行表达,获得了转化子。转化子具有较好的降酚效果12 h可达77.34%,但转化子的降解速率较小。另证明了转化子内含有与H菌株相同特性的质粒得到具有降酚能力的柠檬酸细菌表达体系。 相似文献
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Alfredo J. Anceno Pierre Rouseau Fabrice Béline Oleg V. Shipin Patrick Dabert 《Bioresource technology》2009,100(14):3678-3687
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Dimitry Y. Sorokin Gerard Muyzer Thorsten Brinkhoff J. Gijs Kuenen M. S. M. Jetten 《Archives of microbiology》1998,170(5):345-352
Five strains of lithotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (AN1-AN5) were isolated from sediments of three soda lakes (Kunkur
Steppe, Siberia; Crater Lake and Lake Nakuru, Kenya) and from a soda soil (Kunkur Steppe, Siberia) after enrichment at pH
10 with nitrite as sole electron source. Morphologically, the isolates resembled representatives of the genus Nitrobacter. However, they differed from recognized species of this genus by the presence of an additional S-layer in their cell wall
and by their unique capacity to grow and oxidize nitrite under highly alkaline conditions. The influence of pH on growth of
one of the strains (AN1) was investigated in detail by using nitrite-limited continuous cultivation. Under such conditions,
strain AN1 was able to grow at a broad pH range from 6.5 to 10.2, with an optimum at 9.5. Cells grown at pH higher than 9
exhibited a clear shift in the optimal operation of the nitrite-oxidizing system towards the alkaline pH region with respect
to both reaction rates and the affinity. Cells grown at neutral pH values behaved more like neutrophilic Nitrobacter species. These data demonstrated the remarkable potential of the new nitrite-oxidizing bacteria for adaptation to varying
alkaline conditions. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates AN1, AN2, and AN4 showed high similarity (≥ 99.8%) to each other,
and to sequences of Nitrobacter strain R6 and of Nitrobacter winogradskyi. However, the DNA-DNA homology in hybridization studies was too low to consider these isolates as new strains. Therefore,
the new isolates from the alkaline habitats are described as a new species of the genus Nitrobacter, N. alkalicus, on the basis of their substantial morphological, physiological, and genetic differences from the recognized neutrophilic
representatives of this genus.
Received: 3 April 1998 / Accepted: 2 July 1998 相似文献
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Isolation and Culture of a Marine Bacterium Degrading the Sulfated Fucans from Marine Brown Algae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Descamps V Colin S Lahaye M Jam M Richard C Potin P Barbeyron T Yvin JC Kloareg B 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2006,8(1):27-39
Fucoidans are matrix polysaccharides from marine brown algae, consisting of an α-l-fucose backbone substituted by sulfate-ester groups and masked with ramifications containing other monosaccharide residues.
In spite of their interest as biologically active compounds in a number of homologous and heterologous systems, no convenient
sources with fucanase activity are available yet for the degradation of the fucalean algae. We here report on the isolation,
characterization, and culture conditions of a bacterial strain capable of degrading various brown algal fucoidans. This bacterium,
a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, was shown to secrete fucoidan endo-hydrolase activity. An extracellular enzyme preparation was used to degrade the fucoidan
from the brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata. End products included a tetrasaccharide and a hexasaccharide made of the repetition of disaccharidic units consisting of
α-1→3-l-fucopyranose-2-sulfate-α-1→4-l-fucopyranose-2,3-disulfate, with the 3-linked residues at the nonreducing end. 相似文献
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一株微囊藻毒素降解辅助菌的分离和鉴定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以从太湖蓝藻中提取的微囊藻毒素作为微囊藻毒素降解菌的筛选物质, 通过稀释平板涂布法从腐烂的蓝藻中富集分离到一菌株, 经形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA 序列分析将该菌株(GenBank 序列登录号为GQ143751)鉴定为藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus); 微囊藻毒素降解实验结果表明该菌株几乎不能降解微囊藻毒素, 但可以明显促进一株微囊藻毒素降解菌微嗜酸寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila)对微囊藻毒素的降解能力, 将筛选菌株与微嗜酸寡养单胞菌混合培养, 混合菌对微囊藻毒素的降解能力比微嗜酸寡养单胞菌单独培养时提高66.7%。 相似文献