云南省少数民族皮纹研究—白族等十一个民族皮纹正常值测定

本文报告了云南省白族等11个少数民族14项皮纹正常值参数,并与汉族、北美白人作了比较,进行了统计学分析与聚类分析。结果表明,皮纹这一类遗传性状不仅在各人种之间有显著差异,而且在我国各民族之间也存在显著差异。各民族有自己皮纹的特异性。     

Quantitative dermatoglyphics in schizophrenia: study of family history subgroups

Finger and a-b palmar ridge-count dermatoglyphic features were studied in schizophrenics with and without a positive family history of schizophrenia. Associations are reported for low quantitative dermatoglyphic values in schizophrenia. The differences found between the two subgroups of patients support the genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia and stress the existence of congenital factors when there is no family history, that is, a genetic background.     

Dermatoglyphic sexual dimorphism: finger and palmar qualitative characteristics in five endogamous populations of West Bengal,India

Five hundred families from five different endogamous populations encompassing the main social rank in the caste hierarchy of the same geographical area of West Bengal, India, were analyzed to present variation in qualitative pattern types on fingers and palms. Sex dimorphism, homogeneous in all populations, suggests common characteristics of dermatoglyphic patterns. The pattern types are not uniformly distributed on 10 fingers and palmar configurational areas. However, most of these observations are homogeneous in nature, in both sexes among 5 populations. But the two sets of results on fingers and palms are not exactly the same. Palmar dermatoglyphic relationship reflects the better caste affinities, perhaps due to embryological development, having relatively a longer growth period compared to fingers (Cummins 1929). The present findings indicate that the qualitative dermatoglyphic affinities conform to the known ethnohistorical background of these populations, which correspond also to the results of quantitative dermatoglyphics as well as serological and biochemical markers of these populations. These observations indicate that these population groups have a common genetic background and thus traditional grouping of Indian populations on the basis of caste hierarchy may not be a reflection of the genetic origin of the population. In dermatoglyphic affinities, both qualitative and quantitative traits therefore may be quite useful in tracing the ethnohistorical background of these populations.     

Sole dermatoglyphics in the forest Nentsy,Nganasans, and Chukchi: Dermatoglyphic distances

Sole dermatoglyphics of the aborigines of Northwestern Siberia, Taimir, and Kamchatka are presented in this paper. The distance coefficients based on various combinations of dermatoglyphic traits depending on their heritability were estimated. These were compared with the overall dermatoglyphic distance coefficients as well as with the genetic (dermatoglyphic) distance coefficients based on six blood groups (ABO, MNSs, P, Fy, Jk, Kp). Genetic interpretation of the distances was attempted in connection with analysis of differences or similarities between these populations.     

Dermatoglyphics and flexion creases of the cypriots

A comparison of the dermatoglyphic features of 60 Greek Cypriots from the coastal region of Yialousa and 60 from the isolated mountainous region of Troodos showed significant differences only in the frequencies of digital whorls and loops in the left hands of the males and in the frequencies of Thenar/I patterns in the palms of the females. All other comparisons produced nonsignificant differences. The overall dermatoglyphic similarities are in contrast to the previously described serological, hematological and historical differences indicating that the mountain and coastal people of Cyprus may be genetically distinct. Two possible explanations for the observed discrepancies between the blood group and dermatoglyphic findings were advanced: (1) The more involved inheritance of most dermatoglyphic features which renders them less vulnerable to the influence of isolation and genetic drift than the blood groups, and (2) the similarities in the frequencies of the dermatoglyphic features among the various ethnic groups of the eastern part of the Mediterranean.     

Use of complex assessment of dermatoglyphic signs for prediction of the risk of development of occupational diseases

Dermatoglyphic investigations conducted by the authors made it possible to demonstrate a genetic predisposition to occupational diseases, in particular, to silicosis and silicotuberculosis. Methods based on the mathematical theory of pattern recognition were used for multifactor analysis of the data. It was shown that complex evaluation of 10 dermatoglyphic indices gave a reliable prognosis of the risk of the above two kinds of disease due to silica dust. The dermatoglyphic patterns which predict predisposition to simple silicosis or to silicotuberculosis were found to differ significantly.     

Dermatoglyphics in Phenylketonuria

The dermatoglyphic characteristics on the fingertips, palms and soles of 100 Polish children with proven diagnosis (urine test and blood serum tests) of PKU and of the parents of 23 of them were studied. Our results confirm that PKU is not characterized by dermatoglyphic differences. An apparent diminution in complexity of finger pattern type in patients is shown to be due to the genetic relationship between the parents and their offspring rather than the influence of the PKU disorder itself.     

Trends in dermatoglyphic research

A brief update of recent developments and trends in dermatoglyphic research is presented, based on a 1980–87 literature review. The discussed topics include anthropological, genetic, medical and developmental studies of the epidermal ridge patterns and flexion creases, including dermatoglyphic variability, new methodological and classification approaches, studies of nonhuman primates and of other experimental animals. Rather than an exhaustive survey of the existing literature, the purpose of this communication is to point out specific accomplishments, novel approaches, and emerging trends in various fields of dermatoglyphic research.     

Inheritance of human finger and palm dermatoglyphic characteristics]

The degree of genetic determination of 25 quantitative dermatoglyphic characteristics has been studied on family: twin material: 45 pairs of MZ and 75 single-sex DZ twins; and 53 single-sex "parent-child" pairs. Approximating formulae were used to estimate main components of phenotypic variance due to additive interaction of genetic factors, to non-linear effects (intralocus dominance) and to the effect of total-familiar and random environmental factors. All the finger dermatoglyphic characteristics studied had a high degree of genetic determination (G greater than 0,80), and for most of them the contribution into the large variance of intralocus dominance effects was comparable with that of additive gene interaction, included in the determination of these characters. There are some palm dermatoglyphic characteristics ("ad" distance "cd" comb counting, "bad", "adt" and "cda" angles), which degree of genetic determination is low (G less than 0,35). At least ten quantitative finger and palm dermatogliphic characteristics with a high degree of genetic determination can be used for special studies in frames of multidimentional genetical analysis, including determination of twin zygosity type. Earlier described "indices" (using twin data) of relative role of genetic and environment factors in the determination of populational variability of quantitative characters are considered. None of them is shown to be a reliable estimate of the coefficient of genetic character determination. The use of these indices in practical studies can result in wrong conclusions on the degree and the character of genetic determination of quantitative characters.     

Dermatoglyphic assessment of the genetic relationships of native American populations

Genetic distance techniques and cluster analysis were used to determine which dermatoglyphic parameters were most useful in assessing genetic relationships between native American populations. The dermatoglyphic parameters used for this analysis were those most completely reported in the papers examined in a literature survey we had carried out previously, and include digital patterns, modal types of the C-line and D-line terminations, and palmar patterns in the hypothenar, thenar/I, and interdigital areas. The populations examined were separated by sex and divided into seven major geographical groups: Eskimo; North American Indian; Maya and non-Maya (Central America); Amazonian; Quechua, and Aymara (South America). Mean frequencies of dermatoglyphic traits were computed for each group and pairwise “genetic” distances calculated using Cavalli-Sforza and Edward's D-test. Dendrograms were then generated from these D-values using Q-mode cluster analysis. Using the hypothenar, thenar/I and III and IV interdigital areas, the results of this analysis demonstrated a good fit to an expected phylogenetic tree. When digital patterns, patterns in the II interdigital area, and the modal types of the C-line were included in the analysis, the same phylogenetic relationships were observed. However, inclusion of the modal types of the D-line with the other parameters tended to introduce some distortion and a greater separation between sexes within the same populations.     

Genetic markers of individual predisposition to lung cancer]

The investigation concerning the dependence of cancer incidence on genetic HLA-markers and character of dermatoglyphs was carried out. The use of the pattern recognition method for multifactorial estimation of the above markers as well as the elimination of the main non-genetic oncogenic risk factors allowed obtaining the proof of the existence of the genetic predisposition to lung cancer. It was estimated that the character of dermatoglyphic prints is the most adequate marker for the investigated predisposition, and the reliable prediction of the genetic risk of the lung cancer development can be given as based on the joint evaluation of both markers.     

Genetic and environmental influence on the asymmetry of dermatoglyphic traits

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is defined as random deviations from bilateral symmetry of the body. Thus, its magnitude is often used to evaluate developmental homeostasis. In this study we evaluate the following hypotheses: 1) FA of dermatoglyphic traits has a significant genetic component; 2) prenatal maternal environment (PME) has a significant effect on the FA of dermatoglyphic traits in developmentally healthy individuals; and 3) genetic or environmental factors affect FA on organismal or systemic levels. Therefore, their effect is better seen in composite scores of FA rather than in FA indices for single traits. We analyzed 15 dermatoglyphic traits from 140 pairs of monozygous twins, 120 pairs of dizygous twins, and 106 pairs of mothers and daughters. All individuals were developmentally healthy. The influence of genetic and environmental factors on FA was evaluated by analysis of variance and regression analysis. For a majority of the traits in our study, FA showed significant but weak heritabilities, with values falling within the 0.20-0.35 range. None of the traits taken separately demonstrated the effect of PME on FA to be significantly greater than zero. The composite score of FA tended to have greater heritability values than individual traits. One of them, obtained in principal components analysis, showed a significant PME effect, supporting the hypothesis that FA is a systemic property.     

长期高氟环境对肤纹的影响

本文对 32 2例高氟区人群的肤纹进行了分析 ,并与正常对照组及缺碘区人群作了比较。结果表明 :高氟区人群的肤纹参数与正常对照组有明显的差异 ,其中尺箕纹 (Lu)、变异型掌褶等项参数高于对照组 (P<0 0 1 ) ;而斗型纹 (W )、TFRC、TH I1 、I4区真实花纹出现率低于对照组 (P <0 0 1 )。高氟区人群的Lr 出现率、TFRC、变异型掌褶及掌部真实花纹出现率等指标与缺碘区人群基本相似。作者认为 ,长期高氟环境可能对居地人群遗传性状产生影响 ,肤纹出现的差异是其表达形式 ,同一地区人群遗传性状的差异可能与外环境微量元素的摄入水平有一定关系。     

Studies of endemic cretinism in Papua New Guinea: digital and palmar dermatoglyphic patterns

We have tested the hypothesis that the abnormal development of the central nervous system seen in endemic cretinism might be accompanied by concurrent abnormal dermatoglyphic patterns. We compared digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of normal individuals and endemic cretins inhabiting the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea. The population sampled from the Irumu River Valley included 118 males and 114 females with 22 male cretins and 23 female cretins. The population sampled from the Wantoat River Valley included 72 males and 38 females with 12 male cretins. No pathognomonic patterns were found that could identify the endemic cretin subpopulation. However, the occurrence of a number of differences between controls and cretins suggests that subtle changes in dermatoglyphic patterns accompany the anomalous development of the CNS secondary to maternal iodine deficiency. We discuss the significance of these findings and compare the dermatoglyphic patterns of normal Irumu and Wantoat natives and 21 other populations of Papua New Guinea.     

Genetic variability in macaques: Correlations between biochemical and dermatoglyphic systems

The palmar dermatoglyphics of four groups of macaque, Macaca nemestrina, M. fuscata yakui, M. f. fuscata and M. fascicularis, were compared, and the genetic affinities of the four groups were assessed using a dermatoglyphic mean square distance measure. According to this measure the two subspecies of M. fuscata were dermatoglyphically more distant from one another than was M. fuscata fuscata from M. nemestrina, suggesting that the two insular populations of M. fuscata had evolved in genetic isolation. The distributions of specific dermatoglyphic patterns were then compared with the frequency distributions of alleles at different protein structural loci in other macaque populations. The results of the comparison were consistent in that insular populations showed reduction in variability for both kinds of systems. The implications of this correlation are discussed in terms of population size and natural selection.     

Dermatoglyphic characteristics of a population from the central Rhodopes (south Bulgaria)

The finger and palmar prints of a total of 386 individuals (182 males and 204 females) at an age between 10 and 18 years from the region of the villages Petkovo and Banite, situated along the river Malka Arda in the Central Rhodopes, were studied. The following dermatoglyphic traits were analyzed: pattern intensity index (PII), the main line or Cummin's index (MLI), the frequencies of the proximal palmar triradius (t), the true hypothenar patterns (Hy) and the accessory interdigital triradii (AIT). The specific dermatoglyphic complexes after Heet were also determined for the population under study. A peculiarity of this population is the appearance of a clearly expressed Eastern Complex (EC), which accounts for 53.1% in the males and for 48.8% in the females. These values of EC and the calculated dermatoglyphic distances (DD) after Heet show a similarity between the examined population and a number of populations from the Volga region, Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia and Siberia. This similarity could be explained with the preservation of the genetic heritage of the proto-Bulgarians, one of the three main components of the modern Bulgarians.     

Inter-sex and intra-sex differences in quantitative digital dermatoglyphics of Sardinian-speaking groups

In this study, we analysed inter-sex differences within two linguistic groups from the Sardinian linguistic area and intra-sex differences between the two groups by means of 41 quantitative digital dermatoglyphic variables: 20 digital dermatoglyphic traits (radial and ulnar ridge counts on each of the 10 fingers), 15 digital dermatoglyphic directional asymmetry variables, total finger ridge count, bilateral summed radial and ulnar finger ridge counts, an index of asymmetry between homologous fingers, and two indices of intra-individual diversity of finger ridge counts. The comparisons between males and females within the same linguistic groups and between the males of the two groups and the females of the two groups were carried out with the Mann-Whitney test at a prefixed level of alpha = 0.05, using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The results indicate a strong similarity of the two linguistic groups in the inter-sex differences, whereas there are no significant differences between them for either males or females. The similar pattern of sexual dimorphism and the homogeneity of the males and females of the two groups suggest a common genetic matrix of these Sardinian-speaking groups.     

Dermatoglyphic characters and physique: A correlation study

The association of anthropometrics, particularly hand measurements, with dermatoglyphic characters is quantified. Children with square hands exhibit higher main line indices, a-b ridge counts, and more open atd angles. Adults with broader hands have more arches. Taller individuals with larger hands present higher a-b ridge counts and leaner subjects with long narrow hands, closer atd angles. The correlation of physique and dermatoglyphics is small but if verified, suggests that at early fetal stages, factors responsible for the establishment of dermatoglyphic patterns interact with genetic determinants of adult shape that are already active.     

Digital ridge counts and genetic fields

Summary Principal components analysis of quantitative digital dermatoglyphics in a large Oxfordshire sample, subdivided into male, female, urban, and rural subsamples, suggests several distinguishable components. These appear meaningful biologically in that they resemble factors of limb growth, as suggested by evidence from disturbances in limb extremity development. The components are consistent in all four subsamples and are very similar to those identified in a large sample of Berkshire data. It is suggested that digital quantitative dermatoglyphic variation may provide an example of genetic field theory.