Novelties in spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) from Bolivia and Paraguay

One new Bolivian species (Borreria pazensis) and three new varieties (Borreria densiflora var.minima, Richardia, scabra var.chacoensis andStaelia virgata var.killeenii) are described and illustrated. The genusDiodella, with three species (D. apiculata comb. nov., D. radula comb. nov., andD. teres), is reported for the first time.Borreria limae, B. wunschmannii, B. scabiosoides var.scabiosoides, andB. scabiosoides var.anderssonii are also reported as new to Bolivia.     

Novelties in Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the coastal forests of Brazil

Two new narrow endemic species ofBegonia from the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil,B. espiritosantensis andB. ibitiocensis, are described and illustrated.Begonia schenkii var.calvescens, an endemic taxon from the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, is transferred to species rank, and described and illustrated. A distribution map is provided for all three taxa.     

Two new species of Blechnum (Blechnaceae) from the neotropics

Blechnum moranianum is a new species similar toB. loxense, andB. nigrum is segregated from theB. fragile complex. Both are described and illustrated as result of the author's taxonomic fern work in Costa Rica. Blechnum moranianum es una especie nueva similar aB. loxense, yB. nigrum es segregada del complejoB. fragile. Ambas son aquí descritas e ilustradas como resultado de los trabajos taxonómicos del autor en los helechos de Costa Rica.     

Bobgunnia, a new African genus of tribe Swartzieae (Fabaceae, Faboideae)

A new genus, Bobgunnia, is established in tribe Swartzieae for the African species of Swartzia. Two new combinations are made: B. fistuloides and B. madagascariensis. The new genus has seeds, unlike the remainder of tribe Swartzieae but like the other tribes of Faboideae. The systematic position of Swartzieae is reevaluated.     

蝇蛹俑小蜂对橘小实蝇和瓜实蝇的偏好性

【背景】蝇蛹俑小蜂是实蝇类害虫蛹期的一种重要寄生蜂,对压制下一代实蝇类害虫的种群数量具有重要作用,但有关其对不同实蝇害虫的寄生特性尚缺乏研究。【方法】采用"H"型装置和培养皿测定方法,研究了蝇蛹俑小蜂的寄主选择偏好性。【结果】蝇蛹俑小蜂在橘小实蝇蛹和瓜实蝇蛹共存的情况下,偏好在橘小实蝇蛹上停留,且寄生率较高,最高寄生率达61.11%。【结论与意义】本研究为合理利用蝇蛹俑小蜂控制实蝇类害虫提供了理论基础。     

日化产品中洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群(Bcc)的分类和神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌的耐药性研究

【目的】对从2020–2022年不同日化产品中分离的29株洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群(Burkholderia cepacia complex,Bcc)进行分类和分型,另将2020年前来源于日化产品中6株被鉴定为Burkholderia lata的菌株进行分类更正。探究神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia aenigmatica)的耐药性。【方法】本文主要应用多位点分型研究方法(multilocus sequence typing,MLST),PCR扩增atpD、gltB、gyrB、recA、lepA、phaC和trp B 7个管家基因片段,将测序结果与MLST数据库中的数据比对分析,获得菌株各管家基因的编号和ST型(sequence type),对本检测中心分离自日化产品的Bcc进行分型;利用多位点序列分析(multilocus sequence analysis,MLSA),结合MLST中等位基因的核苷酸序列构建进化树,从而对Bcc进行系统发育分析和鉴定。利用最小抑菌浓度法(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)测定Bcc对常见防腐剂(1,...     

基于可培养方法分析云南腾冲小空山火山谷芽胞杆菌分布特征

【目的】为了解云南腾冲小空山火山谷土壤中可培养芽胞杆菌种类分布特征。【方法】采用可培养手段对小空山火山谷阳坡、谷底和阴坡土壤中的芽胞杆菌进行分离培养,根据16S rRNA基因序列同源性对分离菌株进行鉴定,并分析系统发育地位。利用Canoco5软件分析采样点芽胞杆菌种类分布特征与土壤样品理化性质的相关性。【结果】从火山谷土壤样品中共分离获得180株芽胞杆菌,16S rRNA基因测序鉴定结果表明分离菌株隶属于芽胞杆菌纲2个科(芽胞杆菌科和类芽胞杆菌科)、6个属、34个种,其中芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus) 11个种,类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus) 14个种,短芽胞杆菌属(Brevibacillus)3个种,赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)4个种,嗜冷芽胞杆菌属(Psychrobacillus)1个种和绿芽胞杆菌属(Viridibacillus)2个种,其中7个菌株与其最近模式菌株16SrRNA相似性低于种的界定阈值(98.65%),为芽胞杆菌潜在新物种。优势属为芽胞杆菌属和类芽胞杆菌属,优势种为蕈状芽胞杆菌(Bacillusmycoides),图瓦永芽胞杆菌(Bacillustoyonensis),蜡状芽胞杆菌(Bacilluscereus),解木糖赖氨酸芽胞杆菌(Lysinibacillusxylanilyticus),蜂房类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillusalvei)和沙地绿芽胞杆菌(Viridibacillus arenosi)。其中16个种分离自阳坡,29个种分离自阴坡,9个种分离自谷底,三者共同种类为6种。阳坡、谷底和阴坡的芽胞杆菌种群分布Bray-Curtis相似性为62.4%,多样性分析结果表明,Shannon指数(H′)大小次序为阴坡阳坡谷底。环境因子分析发现,芽胞杆菌种群分布多样性特征与其土壤的海拔高度、碳氮比和硫含量呈负相关,而和碳源和氮源含量呈正相关。【结论】从以上结果得出,云南腾冲火山谷有着较为丰富的芽胞杆菌资源,且还存在可分离培养的芽胞杆菌的潜在新物种,为利用火山微生物资源提供了保障。     

杜比亚蟑螂肠道菌的分离鉴定及产消化酶功能菌株的筛选

【背景】杜比亚蟑螂(Blaptica dubia)可用于活体饲料、化妆品和医药保健品的生产,其肠道菌的研究对杜比亚蟑螂的饲养和肠道菌资源的开发与利用都十分重要。【目的】揭示杜比亚蟑螂肠道可培养菌的种类,筛选具有产消化酶功能的菌株,为理解肠道菌对宿主的影响机理及功能菌株的利用提供科学依据和研究材料。【方法】采用体外培养法获得杜比亚蟑螂肠道菌,结合形态学和分子生物学方法进行鉴定;用水解圈法分别筛选产纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶菌株。【结果】在杜比亚蟑螂肠道中共分离出4属7种细菌,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)2种,沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)和柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)各2种,肠球菌属(Enterococcus)1种。从获得的20个菌株中筛选出10个具有产消化酶功能的菌株。其中,芽孢杆菌属的菌株D6、D12和D20具有产纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶4种消化酶的功能;沙雷氏菌属的菌株D3、D7、D9、D11和D15具有产纤维素酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶3种消化酶的能力;柠檬酸杆菌属的菌株D5具有产纤维素酶的功能;肠球菌属的菌株D17具有产蛋白酶的能力。【结论】杜比亚蟑螂肠道多种细菌具有产消化酶帮助降解大分子营养物质的功能,可通过协助食物消化影响宿主健康。菌株D12、D7和D11分别具有最强产纤维素酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶的能力,是可进一步开发利用的肠道功能菌株资源。     

A new species of Boechera (Brassicaceae) from Utah and Colorado

A new species,Boechera glareosa, is described and a key is provided to separate it from its apparent closest relative,B. gunnisoniana (Rollins) W. A. Weber. Twelve transfers are made fromArabis toBoechera to bring the nomenclature of Rocky Mountain region taxa in line with current DNA data.     

Nomenclatural changes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lithospermum</Emphasis> (Boraginaceae) and related taxa following a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships

Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) comprises approximately 40 species in both the Old and New Worlds, with a center of diversity in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Using ten cpDNA regions, a phylogeny of Lithospermum and related taxa was reconstructed. Lithospermum (including New World and Old World species) and related New World members of Lithospermeae form a monophyletic group, with Macromeria, Onosmodium, Nomosa, Lasiarrhenum, and Psilolaemus nested among species of Lithospermum. New World Lithospermeae also is a monophyletic group, with Eurasian species of Lithospermum sister to this group. Because Lithospermum is not monophyletic without the inclusion of the other New World genera, species from these genera are transferred to Lithospermum, and appropriate nomenclatural changes are made. New combinations are Lithospermum album, Lithospermum barbigerum, Lithospermum dodrantale, Lithospermum exsertum, Lithospermum helleri, Lithospemum leonotis, Lithospermum notatum, Lithospermum oaxacanum, Lithospermum pinetorum, Lithospermum rosei, Lithospermum trinverium, and Lithospermum unicum; new names are Lithospermum chiapense, Lithospermum johnstonii, Lithospermum macromeria, Lithospermum onosmodium, Lithospermum rzedowskii, and Lithospermum turneri.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachistus knappiae</Emphasis> (Solanaceae), a new species from Chiriquí, Panama

A new species of Brachistus is described from the region of Chiriquí in Panama. Brachistus knappiae morphologically resembles Brachistus stramoniifolius, and has been confused with it in the past. The diagnostic features of Brachistus knappiae are discussed, and the plant is illustrated.

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Resumen  Se describe una especie nueva de la región de Chiriquí en Panamá. Brachistus knappiae es morfológicamente parecida a B. stramoniifolius, lo cual provocaba que fuera erróneamente identificada como esta especie en el pasado. Se discuten los caracteres diagnósticos de Brachistus knappiae y la planta es ilustrada.

     

New lichenicolous, muscicolous, corticolous and lignicolous taxa of Burgoa s. l. and Marchandiomyces s. l. (anamorphic Basidiomycota), a new genus for Omphalinafoliacea, and a catalogue and a key to the non-lichenized, bulbilliferous basidiomycetes

A catalogue and a key to the non-lichenized, bulbilliferous basidiomycetes are given. The new genus Burgella is described for the lichenicolous B. flavoparmeliae, phylogenetically close to Sistotrema oblongisporum and Multiclavula. The genera Pneumatospora and Tricellulortus are placed in synonymy of Minimedusa, the new combination M. obcoronata is proposed, and the new facultative lichenicolous M. pubescens is described. The new facultative lichenicolous Burgoa angulosa is phylogenetically close to the generic type B. verzuoliana, whilst the new B. moriformis and B. splendens are provisionally included in the genus Burgoa. A Burgoa-like species in the Ceratobasidiaceae is left unnamed. Two new species of Marchandiomyces, M. buckii and M. nothofagicola, are described. As Marchandiomyces aurantiacus is phylogenetically more close to Erythricium than to Marchandiomyces, it is proposed to exclude it from that genus and to use the holomorphic generic name Marchandiobasidium for both anamorph and teleomorph of this species. The new genus Marchandiomphalina is introduced for the lichenized Omphalina foliacea, a taxon phylogenetically close to Marchandiobasidium. Taxonomic novelties Burgella Diederich & Lawrey; B. flavoparmeliae Diederich & Lawrey; Burgoa angulosa Diederich, Lawrey & Etayo; B. moriformis Diederich, Ertz & Coppins; B. splendens Diederich & Coppins; Marchandiomphalina Diederich, Lawrey & Binder; Marchandiomphalina foliacea (P. M. J?rg.) Diederich, Lawrey & Binder; Marchandiomyces buckii Diederich & Lawrey; M. nothofagicola Diederich & Lawrey; Minimedusa pubescens Diederich, Lawrey & Heylen; M. obcoronata (B. Sutton, Kuthub. & Muid) Diederich & Lawrey     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌B15抑菌物质对葡萄灰霉病灰葡萄孢的抑菌机理

【目的】利用荧光显微镜和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜技术初步探讨解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloquefaciens)B15菌株发酵液中的抑菌混合物质伊枯草菌素A(iturin A)和芬芥素(fengycin)对葡萄灰霉病病原菌灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)的抑菌机理。【方法】采用琼脂稀释法讨论解淀粉芽孢杆菌B15发酵液对灰葡萄孢的抑菌活性。利用台盼蓝(trypan blue)染色、4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)、双氢罗丹明123(DHR123)、钙离子探针fluo-3/am和Annexin V-PI探针染色来观察解淀粉芽孢杆菌B15发酵液对灰葡萄孢细胞膜和菌丝形态、细胞核、活性氧、钙离子和磷脂酰丝氨酸层的影响。【结果】抑菌活性实验发现解淀粉芽孢杆菌B15发酵液对灰葡萄孢具有良好抑菌效果。荧光显微镜台盼蓝染色观察发现,经B15发酵液处理过的灰葡萄孢出现菌丝畸形、菌丝体粗大、尖端肿胀并被染成蓝色和明显的液泡化现象。同时未在处理组中观察到细胞内容物泄漏,说明处理组菌丝细胞膜未发生破损。该结果表明在此次试验中,B15发酵液中的抑菌有效物质不以破损细胞膜的方式直接导致灰葡萄孢的死亡。激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果发现,处理组的灰葡萄孢菌丝出现典型的细胞凋亡现象、染色质固缩、细胞核裂解、磷脂酰丝氨酸层外翻、活性氧和钙离子积累。【结论】该实验表明解淀粉芽孢杆菌B15发酵液以诱导细胞凋亡的形式来抑制灰葡萄孢菌丝的生长。     

New species and a new combination in Myrtaceae from northeastern South America

Three new species of Myrtaceae (Calyptranthes bracteata, Eugenia gonglycocarpa, andMyrcia rupta) from northeastern South America are described and illustrated, and a new combination (Eugenia tetramera) is proposed. The closed-calyx and the completely or partially fused cotyledons ofMyrcia rupta, unusual features for the genus, are discussed and compared with related species inMyrcia andMarlierea.     

喙尾琵琶甲肠道来源链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)BPA71次级代谢产物的分离鉴定及其生物活性评价

【背景】昆虫是世界上种类最多、肠道菌群资源最丰富且多样的动物类群之一。昆虫肠道微生物具有产生活性次级代谢产物的能力,是活性天然产物的重要来源。【目的】研究药用昆虫喙尾琵琶甲(Blaps rynchopetera)成虫肠道来源链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) BPA71的次级代谢产物及其生物活性。【方法】利用正相硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法分离纯化该菌株的发酵粗提物,采用牛津杯法进行抗菌活性追踪,确定抗菌活性部位,通过ESI-MS、NMR等波谱数据分析对化合物结构进行鉴定,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC),采用MTS法测定抗肿瘤活性。【结果】从Streptomyces sp. BPA71的固体发酵提取物中共分离得到4个已知化合物,通过对比核磁数据确定为糠酸甲酯(1)、吡咯甲酰胺A (2)、吡咯甲酰胺B (3)和吲哚-3-乙酸甲酯(4)。抗菌活性结果显示化合物2具有广谱抗菌活性。此外,化合物2对宫颈癌细胞HeLa、肺癌细胞A549、肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和结肠癌细胞SW480这5株肿瘤细胞均有明显的抑制活性。【结论】喙尾琵琶甲肠道来源Streptomyces sp. BPA71可产生丰富的生物活性物质,该研究结果为进一步挖掘喙尾琵琶甲肠道链霉菌的活性天然产物奠定了基础,同时丰富了人们对喙尾琵琶甲肠道微生物的认识。     

A phylogeny of Cariniana (Lecythidaceae) based on morphological and anatomical data

Cariniana as previously circumscribed is a genus of 16 species restricted to neotropical forest habitats on well-drained sites. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on 33 morphological and anatomical characters was undertaken. The results show that Cariniana consists of two clades: the Allantoma/Cariniana decandra clade includes Allantoma lineata and seven species of actinomorphic-flowered Cariniana and is characterized by 5-merous flowers, carnose petals, incurved petal apex, scarcely lobed calyces, eucamptodromous secondary veins, dichotomizing venation, and poorly developed areolation; the C. legalis clade is made up of nine species and is characterized by an obliquely zygomorphic androecium, reticulate tertiary venation, and anomocytic stomata. The actinomorphic-flowered Cariniana are more closely related to the monotypic Allantoma lineata than they are to the species of the C. legalis clade. In order to reflect these relationships, Cariniana is divided into two genera: species in the C. legalis clade, which includes the generic type C. legalis, remain as Cariniana while species of Cariniana in the Allantoma/Cariniana decandra clade are transferred to Allantoma. The following new combinations are proposed: Allantoma decandra, A. integrifolia, A. kuhlmannii, A. pluriflora (a nomen novum for Cariniana multiflora because Allantoma multiflora is a synonym of Couratari multiflora), A. pachyantha, A. pauciramosa, and A. uaupensis.     

Revision of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterosavia</Emphasis>, stat. nov., with notes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gonatogyne</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Savia</Emphasis> (Phyllanthaceae)

Heterosavia (Phyllanthaceae) is segregated from Savia (tribe Bridelieae), recognized at generic rank, and placed in tribe Phyllantheae. Floral, fruit, leaf anatomical, leaf venation, and pollen characters of the neotropical taxa previously united as Savia including Gonatogyne are discussed and illustrated. Keys to the three genera and to the species of Heterosavia are presented. Four species (all new combinations), Heterosavia bahamensis, H. erythroxyloides, H. laurifolia, and H. maculata, are recognized. The new combinations Heterosavia laurifolia var. intermedia and H. maculata var. clementis are proposed. The names Heterosavia, H. erythroxyloides, H. laurifolia, Savia clementis, S. clusiifolia, S. clusiifolia var. fallax, and S. longipes are lectotypified. Distribution maps and conservation assessments (IUCN ratings) of Heterosavia species and varieties are provided.