糖多孢菌属中新种的鉴定

从云南省昆明市郊水田土样中分离到Y84—4001和Y84一4003两株菌。其特点是不抗酸,气丝形成孢子链,菌落中心的基丝断裂,胞壁IV型,应置于糖多孢菌属。根据形态、培养特征和生理生化特性的研究,将菌株Y84—4001定名为橙黄糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora auranti-aca sp. Nov.),菌株Y8-4003定名为橙黄糖多孢菌昆明亚种(Saccharopolyspora aurantiacasubsp．Kunmingcnsis subsp. Nov.)。     

高温单孢菌属分类研究进展

自从Henssen于1957年建立高温单孢菌属至今,高温单孢菌属各菌种的分类地位一直处于不断的变化之中。近年来,随着该属一些种的重新分类以及新种的发现,高温单孢菌属的分类发生了很大的变化。这主要是由于分类手段已由传统的形态学分类方法向现代的多相分类方法过渡。介绍了自高温单孢菌属建立以来,该属分类的研究现状,认为高温单孢菌属在系统分类上尚需进一步的研究。     

小单孢菌属的分类及应用研究

小单孢菌在自然界分布广泛,但由于分离、分类方法所限,绝大多数还没有被人们所认识。在小单孢菌的分类学研究中,最初主要依据的是形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特征等表观分类学指征,随着“多相分类”的广泛应用,分子分类在小单孢菌的分类学研究中起到了越来越重要的作用。小单孢菌是寻找新的生物活性物质的重要菌源,某些种能产生抗生素,如庆大霉素、利福霉素、新霉素等;某些种能降解天然橡胶和纤维素。近年来的研究表明,小单孢菌能产生具有独特化学结构的生物活性物质,对肿瘤细胞有靶向和识别作用,并能有效地杀死肿瘤细胞。     

小单孢菌属的分类及应用研究*

小单孢菌在自然界分布广泛,但由于分离、分类方法所限,绝大多数还没有被人们所认识。在小单孢菌的分类学研究中,最初主要依据的是形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特征等表观分类学指征,随着“多相分类”的广泛应用,分子分类在小单孢菌的分类学研究中起到了越来越重要的作用。小单孢菌是寻找新的生物活性物质的重要菌源,某些种能产生抗生素,如庆大霉素、利福霉素、新霉素等;某些种能降解天然橡胶和纤维素。近年来的研究表明,小单孢菌能产生具有独特化学结构的生物活性物质,对肿瘤细胞有靶向和识别作用,并能有效地杀死肿瘤细胞。     

链格孢属(丝孢纲)数值分类研究初探

聚类分析树状图上Alternarla与其相似属Ulocladium、Stemphylium的种明确地分为三个表观群。36个OTU's,23个链格孢属的种,进一步形成四个清晰的亚表观群,恰与椐分生孢子喙的特征而划分的组,即无喙组、假喙组、真喙组和锥状真喙组相吻合。本试验系统中,相似属间、种间和种内的相似性值是在具体试验条件下确定的。其意义在于通过对大量有用分类信息的综合比较分析,以相似性值的形式,为不同等级单位分类地位的确定提供相应定量化的标准,从而能够比较全面地评价一个分类单位.根据研究结果,建议将Alternariamali Roberts作为细链格孢的一个分化型,即Alternarin tenuis C.G.Nees f.sp.,mali。     

将云南原小单孢菌转入纤维化纤维菌的多相分类研究

对中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心(CGMCC)保藏的云南原小单孢菌(Promicromonospora yunnanensis)AS4.1333进行的多相分类研究表明,菌株AS4.1333与纤维化纤维菌(Cellulosimicrobium cellulans)DSM43879T关系密切,它们的16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99.6%,DNA同源性为89.3%。胞壁组分、枝菌酸、甲基萘醌、磷酸类脂和DNAG Cmol%测定等化学分类结果支持了上述结论。在形态和生理生化特性上,菌株AS4.1333与CellulosimicrobiumcellulansDSM43879T之间也表现出非常相似的性状。根据系统发育分析、化学分类、形态和生理生化特性、DNA同源性测定等研究结果,对菌株AS4.1333的分类地位做了修正,将其从原小单孢菌属中排除,认为菌株AS4.1333与Cellulosimicrobium cellulansDSM43879T是同一个种,建议将菌株AS4.1333由云南原小单孢菌(Promicromonosporayunnanensis)转入纤维化纤维菌(Cellulosimicrobium cellulans)。     

壳多孢属的一个新种

1979年9月在沈阳地区的翅果油树 Elaeagnus mollis 植株上发现壳多孢属的一个新种,定名为胡颓子壳多孢(Stagonospora elaeagni Y.Gao sp.nov.)。     

刺糖多孢菌电转化条件研究

以经理化诱变选育的多杀菌素高产菌株刺糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora spinosa)CB11为受体菌,将具有安普霉素(apramycin)抗性标记的整合型载体pSET152作为质粒供体,研究了制备刺糖多孢菌感受态细胞时菌体的生长阶段、质粒DNA浓度、电场强度等因素对电转化效率的影响,结果表明,在菌体培养4...     

根瘤菌多相分类的研究进展

根瘤菌可以入侵豆科植物形成根瘤或茎瘤,并可固定空气中的氮为其宿主植物提供必需的氮素营养。根瘤菌的分类系统可分为早期根瘤菌的分类系统和现代根瘤菌的分类系统两个阶段。根瘤菌的多相分类技术包括表型的分群方法和遗传型的分群方法两大类。     

一株拮抗链霉菌的鉴定及其多相分类特征

通过16S r RNA基因序列分析一株拮抗放线菌JXNU03的系统发育关系,通过生理生化试验分析其生理生化特征,利用菌丝生长率法和杯碟法测定其拮抗活性。结果发现,放线菌JXNU03在高氏一号培养基上培养时,基内菌丝发达,分支多且不断裂,气生菌丝发育良好,孢子丝直形或螺旋状,孢子表面带刺,细胞水解液中检测到葡萄糖,未检测出特征性糖,糖类型属于C型,细胞壁氨基酸中含有L,L-DAP,属于细胞壁Ⅰ型,16S r RNA基因序列与灭癌素链霉菌的同源性高达98%,其发酵液对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、酵母菌和霉菌等都具有较强的拮抗作用。因此放线菌JXNU03被鉴定为灭癌素链霉菌,记为灭癌素链霉菌JXNU03(Streptomyes gancidicus JXNU03),是一株对细菌、酵母菌和霉菌均有较强拮抗活性的链霉菌,具有潜在开发价值。     

醋酸菌多相分类研究进展

醋酸菌是一大群革兰氏染色阴性、绝对好氧的细菌的总称, 能将乙醇或糖类不完全氧化为有机酸。醋酸菌的分类在近30年经历了很大变化, 早期的分类系统主要以表型和生化特征为基础。如今, 大多采用结合表型、化学分类法和基因型数据的多相分类法对醋酸菌进行分类。本文综述了醋酸菌的多相分类研究进展, 主要介绍了醋酸菌的现行分类情况及表型分类、化学分类和基因分型等方法在醋酸菌分类中的应用。     

糖多孢红霉菌多拷贝表达载体pZM的构建

对糖多孢红霉菌染色体上红霉素生物合成基因进行改造 ,已经合成了多种红霉素类似物。在糖多孢红霉菌中对红霉素类似物进行结构修饰 ,以pWOR1 0 9质粒为基础构建糖多孢红霉菌多拷贝表达载体pZM。pZM载体带有PermE启动子、fd终止子、多克隆位点、硫链丝菌肽和氨苄青霉素抗性基因、以及在大肠杆菌和糖多孢红霉菌中复制的ColE1ori和pJV1ori复制子 ,系可在大肠杆菌和糖多孢红霉菌中扩增的穿梭质粒。在糖多孢红霉菌中 ,pZM可以表达氨普霉素抗性基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因 ,从糖多孢红霉菌中提取的表达质粒酶切图谱与转化前一致 ,表明pZM是糖多孢红霉菌中多拷贝、稳定的表达载体。     

Fatty acid composition in the classification of Saccharopolyspora hirsuta

The long-chain fatty acids of 4 Saccharopolyspora hirsuta strains were examined as their methyl and picolinyl esters using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). All the strains had similar fatty acid profiles composed mainly of isoanteiso-, and 10-methyl-branched components. Three new substituted 10-methyl-branched fatty acids were also detected and the major component identified as 10,15-dimethylhexadecanoic acid. The implications of these data for Saccharopolyspora systematics are discussed.     

三株沙漠放线菌XJSS-21、XJSS-39和XJSS-58的多相分类及特性研究

从新疆吐鲁番鄯善县典型沙漠地区中采集的样品中分离获得3株放线菌菌株XJSS-21、XJSS-39和XJSS-58, 对其形态特征、生理生化特性、反硝化能力、细胞壁化学组分以及16S rRNA基因序列等进行了多相分类研究, 发现3种沙漠放线菌均能产生纤维素酶, 淀粉酶和蛋白酶, 且菌株XJSS-21具有很强的反硝化能力, XJSS-58属于轻度耐盐菌。初步确定XJSS-21可能属于Streptomyces humidus subsp. antitumoris, XJSS-39可能属于Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, XJSS-58可能属于Streptomyces mutabilis。     

Polyphasic Detection of Cyanobacteria in Terrestrial Biofilms

Cyanobacterial populations detected on buildings by traditional methods are mainly filamentous, whereas direct microscopy shows that they are principally coccoid morphotypes that often cannot be isolated in culture, but may grow on artificial media when the spatial biofilm relationships are maintained. The polyphasic strategy described here was to select morphologically distinct colonies from rehydrated biofilms for direct DNA amplification, allowing uncultured organisms to be sequenced and their morphology to be characterized by microscopy. DNA data banks currently contain many entries for cyanobacteria of unrecorded morphology, which does not facilitate identification, although genetic variability in a population may be assessed. The sequence homologies of the present biofilm organisms (EMBL accession numbers AJ619681 to 619690) with those in DNA databanks were low, indicating differences between xerophytic cyanobacteria on walls and aquatic species comprising the majority in the databases. Further development of databases for the populations found in this environment, subject to temperature extremes, repeated desiccation and high UV and salt levels, is required.     

JBIR-66, a New Metabolite Isolated from Tunicate-Derived Saccharopolyspora sp. SS081219JE-28

In the course of our chemical screening program for new secondary metabolites, we isolated a new compound JBIR-66 (1) from the culture broth of the tunicate-derived actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora sp. SS081219JE-28. The structure of 1 was determined to be (3Z,6E,8E)-N-(4-acetamido-3-hydroxybutyl)-2-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylundeca-3,6,8-trienamide on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic data.     

Saccharopolyspora: an underexplored source for bioactive natural products

Actinomycetes are a rich source for secondary metabolites with a diverse array of biological activities. Among the various genera of actinomycetes, the genus Saccharopolyspora has long been recognized as a potential source for antibiotics and other therapeutic leads that belong to diverse classes of natural products. Members of the genus Saccharopolyspora have been widely reported from several natural sources including both terrestrial and marine environments. A plethora of this genus has been chemically investigated for the production of novel natural products with interesting pharmacological effects. Therefore, Saccharopolyspora is considered one of the pharmaceutical important genera that could provide further chemical diversity with potential lead compounds. In this review, the literature from 1976 until December 2018 was covered, providing a comprehensive survey of all natural products derived from this genus and their semi-synthetic derivatives along with their biological activities, whenever applicable. Moreover, the biological diversity of Saccharopolyspora species and their habitats were also discussed.