TGF-βⅡ型受体mRNA及蛋白在人IgA肾病肾小管上皮的表达

为探讨转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）在人IgA肾病肾小管间质纤维化中的应用。本用原位杂交及免疫组织化学方法研究转化生长因子-βⅡ型受体（TGF-βRⅡ）mRNA和蛋白在肾小管上皮细胞的表达。结果表明：TGF-βRⅡmRNA定位于肾小管及集合管上皮细胞,TGF-βRⅡ蛋白定位于肾小管及集合管上皮细胞的基底面,腔面及侧面,或呈与基底膜相垂直的基底部纵纹出现于一些细胞的胞质内,肾小球系膜细胞也可见TGF-βRⅡmRNA及蛋白表达,但不如肾小管明显,以上结果提示肾小管和集合管上皮细胞的受体可与TGF-β特异性结合。TGF-β则通过自分泌作用促进小管上皮细胞合成与分泌ECM。过多的ECM在小管周围沉积;或TGF-β抑制ECM的降解,终将导致IgA肾病的肾小管间质纤维化。     

红腹锦鸡肾的组织结构及EGFR、TGF-β、AQP-2在肾脏中的表达

为了解红腹锦鸡肾脏的结构特征,观察表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、水通道蛋白-2(AQP-2)在肾脏中的表达情况,应用组织学方法及免疫组织化学方法,观察了5只红腹锦鸡肾脏的组织结构,检测了EGFR、TGF-β(TGF-β1,TGF-β2,TGF-β3)、AQP-2在肾中的表达。结果表明:红腹锦鸡肾脏主要由许多肾单位、集合管和少量结缔组织组成。肾单位是肾脏功能结构的基本单位,它由一个肾小体和一个与其连接的上皮性肾小管构成。血管球由一团迂回盘曲的毛细血管丛构成,结构简单;肾小囊足细胞的突起与毛细血管内皮细胞及基膜紧密相贴,三者构成肾小体的滤过屏障;近端小管由单层立方上皮组成,上皮细胞游离面有许多微绒毛,细胞界限不明显,侧面有许多指状突起彼此交错,质膜内褶较少;远端小管上皮细胞基底面有丰富的质膜内褶;集合管上皮细胞有明细胞和暗细胞两种类型;近端小管上皮细胞呈EGFR、TGF-β免疫反应阳性,集合管上皮细胞呈AQP-2免疫反应阳性。EGFR、TGF-β、AQP-2可能发挥着不同的功能,对肾单位的构筑、肾小管和集合管结构的稳定以及肾脏水的平衡等可能有重要的调节作用。     

金钱豹肾的组织学和微血管铸型的观察

为探讨金钱豹(Panthera pardus)肾的组织结构和微血管构筑特点,利用生物显微技术与微血管铸型技术及扫描电镜对金钱豹肾的组织结构和肾小球微血管构筑进行了观察。结果显示,金钱豹的肾皮质与髓质厚度比为1∶(1.5~3),肾近端小管上皮为单层立方细胞,胞体较大,细胞排列紧密,分界不清楚,其腔面有刷状缘,胞质嗜酸性;远端小管无明显的刷状缘,胞质弱嗜酸性,胞核多位于中央;集合管细胞排列紧密,管腔较大,上皮细胞呈矮柱状,胞质弱嗜酸性。金钱豹的肾小球多呈球形或卵圆形,直径为99~142μm,入球小动脉管径13~15μm,出球小动脉管径9.5~11.5μm。     

金雕肾脏的组织学观察

利用生物显微技术观察了金雕Aquila chrysaetos肾脏的组织结构.结果表明,金雕肾实质由许多肾小叶构成,每个肾小叶可分为皮质和髓质两部分.肾单位由一个肾小体和一条与其相连的肾小管构成.肾小体由肾小囊和肾小球组成.肾小管分为近曲小管、髓袢、远曲小管和连接小管.集合管分为小叶周集合小管和髓质集合管两部分.具有发达的极周细胞.     

Aquaporin-1在大鼠睾丸输出小管的免疫组织化学定位研究

目的研究正常大鼠睾丸输出小管上皮细胞上Aquaporin．1(AQP-1)的定位分布以期了解其在水重吸收上的作用机制。方法对正常wistar大鼠睾丸输出小管进行常规免疫组织化学方法染色观察。结果在睾丸输出小管非纤毛上皮细胞的刷状缘及基侧部AQP-1阳性表达强烈,核上区的胞内体的质膜上也有阳性表达;纤毛上皮细胞的纤毛亦呈阳性反应。结论Aquaporin-1可能与睾丸输出小管非纤毛上皮细胞水重吸收功能有密切关系。     

中华鳖肾脏的组织化学特性研究

利用光镜组织化学反应对中华鳖肾单位的结构和组织化学特性进行了详细的观察和分析。结果表明,中华鳖肾脏为分叶形的实质器官,肾小叶由被膜和实质组成,实质无髓质和皮质之分,但可以区分为外侧区和内侧区。外侧区嗜酸性,主要分布有近端小管和集合管。内侧区呈弱嗜酸性,肾小体、颈段、中间段和远端小管主要分布在内侧区。肾小球PAS反应呈阳性,但其琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)弱阳性,碱性磷酸酶(ALPase)、Na+/K+-ATPase和阿利新兰(AB)反应为阴性。足细胞酸性磷酸酶(ACPase)反应呈阳性。近端小管刷状缘嗜伊红,PAS反应以及ALPase、ACPase和Na+/K+-ATPase酶反应呈阳性,而SDH弱阳性。中间段、远端小管、集合管弱嗜酸性,SDH阳性。中间段Na+/K+-ATPase弱阳性。远端小管细胞侧面呈PAS阳性,腔面显示AB阳性。集合管胞质含有许多ACPase阳性颗粒,腔面呈PAS强阳性,AB阳性。甲苯胺兰(TB)染色可见集合管腔面有阳性颗粒,肾小管上皮含有亮、暗两种细胞。上述组化反应和分布结果表明,鳖的肾小管细胞类型较多,近端小管在原尿的重吸收中起主要作用,远端小管和集合管具有分泌黏液作用。中华鳖肾单位的结构与组化特性不仅与哺乳类和鸟类有一定差异,也与其他爬行动物不完全相同。       

贝氏高原鳅泌尿系统显微和超微结构

贝氏高原鳅(Triplophysa bleekeri)泌尿系统由中肾、输尿管、膀胱构成。头肾极小。中肾组织在前中后三部分中无明显差异,也无功能分区的现象。成体中肾组织中除大量成熟肾单位外,还发现少量发生中的肾单位和少量解体中的肾单位。成熟肾单位的肾小体为典型的淡水真骨鱼类肾小体,肾小管分化为第一近端小管(PⅠ)、第二近端小管(PⅡ)和远端小管(D)。PⅠ、PⅡ段上皮为单层柱状上皮,上皮细胞管腔游离面具有丰富的刷状缘和9 2式纤毛。D段为单层矮柱状上皮或单层立方上皮,管腔游离面无刷状缘,也无纤毛。输尿管前、后段组织结构有明显差异。膀胱为不发达的输尿管膀胱。斯坦尼斯小体2枚。     

广东乌龟五种器官的组织学观察

利用石蜡切片法对广东乌龟的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺和肾脏等组织器官进行了组织结构观察.结果显示,心肌纤维束状排列,可见闰盘结构.肝脏分3叶,肝内结缔组织很少,相邻肝小叶分界不清.肝血窦内含色素细胞.脾脏分被膜和实质两部分.实质可分为白髓和红髓.白髓包括椭球周围淋巴鞘(PELS)和动脉周围淋巴鞘(PALS).红髓由脾索和脾窦组成.未发现淋巴小结和生发中心.肺为一对长形扁平囊.支气管黏膜上皮为假复层柱状纤毛上皮.细支气管的黏膜为单层柱状纤毛上皮.肺泡囊状.肾脏由肾小体、颈段、近曲小管、中间段、远曲小管、收集管等部分构成.颈段和中间段均由单层纤毛立方上皮细胞构成.近曲小管、远曲小管和收集管均由单层柱状上皮细胞构成.     

Smad2/3蛋白及其活化形式在人肾脏中的表达和定位

目的研究Smad2和Smad3蛋白及其活化形式P—Smad2、P—Smad3在人正常肾脏组织中的表达、定位及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学技术（SP法）检测20例人肾脏中Smad2、Smad3蛋白及P—Smad2、P-Smad3的表达和定位。结果Smad2、Smad3在肾小管、肾小球和集合小管中广泛表达,主要定位于细胞质,其中远端小管曲部呈强阳性;P-Smad2、p-Smad3也在肾脏皮、髓质中广泛分布,主要定位于细胞核,远端小管更多见。结论Smad2、Smad3在正常肾脏中有着活跃的功能。     

氯通道在肾脏的表达及其功能

随着膜片钳和分子克隆技术的应用,人们在肾脏发现了多种氯通道。这些通道参与许多生理过程,包括膜电位形成、细胞容积调节以及盐的吸收和排泄等。确定氯通道在肾小管和集合管上皮细胞的基侧膜和管腔膜的分布情况以及这些通道的生理功能是近年来的研究热点。最近,由于特异性抗体的应用和遗传学研究方法的建立,使这方面的研究取得了很大进展。本文就这方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.