白刺组织培养技术的研究

试验选用唐古特白刺幼嫩茎段和叶片作为材料,研究白刺不同外植体的离体培养技术。结果表明,白刺带芽嫩茎是诱导丛生芽的良好外植体,而叶片是诱导愈伤组织的良好外植体;白刺的最适增殖、壮芽培养基是：MS BA0.5mg／L NAA1．0mg／L GA32．0mg／L;最适生根培养基是：l／2MS IBA0.5mg／L;愈伤组织诱导培养基是：MS 2,4-D0.5～1．0mg／L。     

驱蚊草组织培养及其愈伤组织诱导研究

运用正交设计方法,利用植物组织、细胞培养技术,成功地建立了驱蚊草组织培养快繁技术体系。研究出:不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS 6-BA0.2mg/L NAA0.3mg/L,增殖倍数为6.73;生根培养基为1/2MS NAA0.4mg/L,平均每株生根数为11.2条,生根率为90.0%。通过对其离体茎段的培养研究实验,得出驱蚊香草的最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS 2,4-D0.5mg/L 6-BA2.0mg/L NAA0.3mg/L,发愈率为93.3%,愈伤组织多为淡黄色,质地疏松。     

Micropropagation medium composition on-line sensing system development

A plant micropropagation system has been developed with the capacity of allowing periodic, automatic, aseptic monitoring of culture medium composition. The system was able to sample automatically culture medium from a liquid/membrane bioreactor without compromising asepsis or disturbing plant tissue. Media samples were analyzed to determine sucrose and dextrose concentrations. Bioreactor media was automatically replenished to compensate for volumes lost due to sampling. For a 28-day culture period using Stage 1 Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) explants as a model culture system, media sucrose concentration decreased with a corresponding increase in dextrose concentration and tissue fresh weight.This article is published as technical contribution No. 3484 from the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson, USA. Mention of products and tradenames does not constitute endorsement by the authors, or the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Effects of nutritional factors on the formation of Anthraquinones in callus cultures of Rheum ribes

Rheum ribes L. (Polygonaceae) is the source of one of the most important crude drugs in Asiatic regions .The medicinal character of rhubarb is due to its anthraquinone content . Different parts of sterile seedlings were cultured on MS medium to study the generation of callus. The explants were cultured with different ranges of plant growth regulators and the best range of plant growth regulators for generation of callus was IBA (1 mg l^–1) and BA (1 mg l^–1). The content of anthraquinones were determined by HPLC . The concentration of sucrose, vitamins and Myo-inositol and ratio of NO₃ to NH₄ in the medium was changed and growth rate and content of 2 anthraquinones was determined . The growth rate of callus declined with increased rate of secondary metabolites production. Myo-inositol 100 mg l^–1 in the medium increased anthraquinone content and in medium that had NO₃/NH₄:1/1 the maximum content of anthraquinone was obtained.     

黄花蒿组织培养研究

目的：筛选黄花蒿组织培养的配方,以寻求黄花蒿生长的最佳自然条件。方法：在MS基本培养基中添加不同激素,制备不同培养配方,筛选黄花蒿愈伤组织诱导与分化的最适培养基配方。结果与结论：诱导黄花蒿愈伤组织形成的最佳培养基配方为MS＋6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）（2．0mg／L）＋激动素（KT）（2．0mg／L）;诱导黄花蒿愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基配方为MS＋6-BA（1．0mg／L）＋吲哚乙酸（IAA）（1．0mg／L）。叶片诱导愈伤组织出愈时间最慢,出愈率较低,但其愈伤组织为胚性愈伤组织,后期愈伤组织的分化率、出苗率都很高,且不易产生褐变;带腋芽的茎段诱导愈伤组织形成最快,但分化率不及叶片愈伤组织,易褐变,适于快速转入生根培养基中直接用于快繁;花序基本不形成肉眼可见愈伤组织,直接形成幼苗。     

胡萝卜细胞培养产胡萝卜素的研究

从鲜红胡萝卜主根部选取外植体,用MS型培养基诱导出愈伤组织,继代培养,周期22d,接着进行细胞的液体悬浮培养。液体培养20d时,测定β-胡萝卜素含量达41．7mg／L,占细胞干重的0．35％。培养细胞中含胡萝卜素是胡萝卜根部的3．38倍,色素比产率提高15．4倍。     

Attempt at regeneration of Pharbitis nil from fragments of vegetative organs

The object of study was the regeneration of Pharbitis nil by direct and indirect organogenesis. From fragments of roots, cotyledons, hypocotyls and epicotyls on Murashige and Skoog nutrient solution (MS) supplemented with naphtalenacetic acid (NAA) or indolylacetic acid (IAA; both at 0.1 mg·dm⁻³ concentration) in the presence of benzylaminopurine (BAP), zeatin or kinetin (all at 5 mg·dm⁻³ concentration) only root organogenesis was obtained. Likewise, when using the two-step method (2 or 5 days exposure to NAA or IAA at 2 mg·dm⁻³ concentration followed by exposure to BAP or zeatin at 1 or 2 mg·dm⁻³ concentration) root organogenesis was observed in all types of explants. Moreover, shoot buds were formed on fragments of epicotyl exposed vertically in relation to the medium. However, attempts at regenerating complete plants from them failed, so did the regeneration of P. nil from callus. The roots were formed in callus cultures only.     

A new medium formulation for <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> rooting of carob tree based on leaf macronutrients concentrations

Experiments were performed to optimize the macronutrients concentrations for in vitro rooting of Ceratonia siliqua micropropagated shoots. Several dilutions of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were tested: full-strength MS, half-strength MS ( MS), and MS + full N. The frequency of in vitro rooting was enhanced when the MS was used (50 % rooted shoots). Mature leaves from 20 – 30 year-old carob trees and from 2 year-old micropropagated plants were collected and the concentrations of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) assessed. Based on the mineral composition of the leaves a new medium was formulated and compared with the previous ones showing an increment of the rooting frequency to 80 %. Moreover, shoots rooted in the new medium did not show symptoms of apical necrosis that occurred in the other tested media.     

忽地笑愈伤组织培养条件对加兰他敏合成的影响

研究了忽地笑次生代谢产物加兰他敏的合成以及各种理化因子对加兰他敏合成的影响。结果表明,蔗糖是忽地笑愈伤组织培养的最佳碳源,而且在90 g/L浓度培养下加兰他敏含量最高,达到0.068%;附加500 mg/L苯丙氨酸前体物也可提高加兰他敏产量。酪氨酸和水杨酸不利于加兰他敏的积累。此外,2,4-D和浓度高于0.5 mg/L的NAA、IBA抑制加兰他敏的合成,但高浓度的6-BA却对加兰他敏的合成起促进作用。     

The in vitro production of an anthocyanin from callus cultures of Oxalis linearis

Callus growth and the production of anthocyanins were sustained on the salts and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog. Callus growth was stimulated at a concentration of 8–32 M -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). Benzyladenine (BA) and zeatin at 8 M inhibited callus growth whereas isopentenyladenine (iP) stimulated callus growth. NAA repressed anthocyanin production with an increase in NAA from 8–32 M. Anthocyanin synthesis was promoted by an increase in 2,4-d from 0.5 to 2 M and decreased thereafter up to a concentration 32 M 2,4-d. A concentration of 8 M BA, thidiazuron and zeatin, respectively stimulated pigment production. Sucrose stimulated callus growth at 60 mM and pigment production at 120–360 mM.Abbreviations BA 6-benzyladenine - 2,4-d 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - iP isopentenyladenine - TZ thidiazuron-N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl-urea - Bu-HCl Butanol-2N HCl - BAW Butanol-acetic acid-water     

嫁接的西瓜果实发育过程中叶和果实蔗糖代谢的一些特性

嫁接瓜果实发育过程中,叶内蔗糖含量和干物质积累显著高于自根瓜,自根瓜和嫁接瓜的叶中蔗糖含量与酸性转化酶（AI）、蔗糖磷酸合酶（SPS）活性均呈显著正相关;嫁接瓜果实中蔗糖含量显著低于自根瓜,SPS活性和果实中糖分的跨液泡膜运输能力亦较自根瓜低;自根瓜和嫁接瓜叶的干物质积累与叶中AI和SPS活性、果实AI活性呈显著负相关,与液泡膜H^＋-ATPase活性呈显著正相关。     

Sucrose phosphate synthase and other sucrose metabolizing enzymes in fruits of various species

Recent reports have suggested that sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14), a key enzyme in sucrose biosynthesis in photosynthetic “source” tissues, may also be important in some sucrose accumulating “sink” tissues. These experiments were conducted to determine if sucrose phosphate synthase is involved in sucrose accumulation in fruits of several species. Peach (Prunus persica NCT 516) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Chandler) fruits were harvested directly from the plant at various stages of fruit development. Kiwi (Actinidia chinensis), papaya (Carica papaya), pineapple (Ananas comosus) and mango (Mangifera indica) were sampled in postharvest storage over a period of several days. Carbohydrate concentrations and activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), and acid and neutral invertases (EC 3.2.1.26) were measured. All fruits contained significant activities of sucrose phosphate synthase. Moreover, in fruits from all species except pineapple and papaya, there was an increase in sucrose phosphate synthase activity associated with the accumulation of sucrose in situ. The increase in sucrose concentration in peaches was also associated with an increase in sucrose synthase activity and, in strawberries, with increased activity of both sucrose synthase and neutral invertase. The hexose pools in all fruits were comprised of equimolar concentrations of fructose and glucose, except in the mango. In mango, the fructose to glucose ratio increased from 2 to 41 during ripening as sucrose concentration more than doubled. The results of this study indicate that activities of the sucrose metabolizing enzymes, including sucrose phosphate synthase, within the fruit itself, are important in determining the soluble sugar content of fruits of many species. This appears to be true for fruits which sweeten from a starch reserve and in fruits from sorbitol translocating species, raffinose saccharide translocating species, and sucrose translocating species.     

Pectins from the albedo of immature lemon fruitlets have high water binding capacity

The white part of citrus peel, the albedo, has a special role in water relations of both fruit and leaves from early on in fruit development. In times of drought, this tissue acts as a water reservoir for juice sacs, seeds and leaves. When water was injected into the albedo, free water was undetectable using magnetic resonance imaging. Microscopy showed tightly packed cells with little intercellular space, and thick cell walls. Cell wall material comprised 21% of the fresh albedo weight, and contained 26.1% galacturonic acid, the main constituent of pectin. From this, we postulated that pectin of the cell wall was responsible for the high water-binding capacity of the immature lemon albedo. Cell wall material was extracted using mild procedures that keep polymers intact, and four pectic fractions were recovered. Of these fractions, the SDS and chelator-soluble fractions showed viscosities ten and twenty times higher than laboratory-grade citrus pectin or the other albedo-derived pectins. The yield of these two pectins represented 28% of the cell walls and 62% of the galacturonic acid content of immature lemon albedo. We concluded that, from viscosity and abundance, these types of pectin account for the high water-binding capacity of this tissue. Compositional analyses showed that the two highly viscous pectic fractions differ in galacturonic acid content, degree of branching and length of side chains from the less viscous albedo-derived pectins. The most striking feature of these highly viscous pectins, however, was their high molecular weight distribution compared to the other pectic fractions.     

水青树组织培养中无菌苗培养条件的优化

对水青树组织培养中种子的消毒方法和无菌苗培养条件进行了优化。4种消毒方法的效果比较表明,0.1% HgCl₂溶液对水青树种子的发芽有较强的抑制作用,而4% NaClO溶液的消毒效果最佳,对发芽的抑制作用最小。不同培养基上水青树种子的发芽情况显示,中盐低氮培养基有利于种子萌发,完全1/4 MS培养基为水青树无菌苗培养的最佳培养基。     

火龙果愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

为了建立火龙果愈伤组织诱导与植株再生体系,以火龙果茎段、幼苗和子叶为外植体进行离体培养试验。结果表明：茎段诱导愈伤组织的最优培养基为1／2MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1＋6-BAO．5mg·L^-1,诱导子叶愈伤组织的最适培养基是1／2MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1＋6-BA1．0mg·L^-1,诱导愈伤组织分化的最优培养基为1／2MS＋6-BA4．0mg·L^-1＋NAA0．5mg·L^-1,最佳生根培养基为1／2MS＋6．BA1mg·L^-1＋NAA0-3mg·L^-1。