雨生红球藻基因组文库的构建及鉴定

本研究以雨生红球藻34-1n为材料,提取其基因组DNA,利用限制性内切酶Sau3AⅠ对基因组DNA进行酶解,回收6~8kb的基因组DNA片段,并浓缩至200ng/μL。该片段与经BamH Ⅰ酶切和去磷酸化处理后的pUC18载体连接,然后电击转化到受体菌Escherichia.coli DH5α中,获得雨生红球藻34-1n的基因组文库。该文库的平均插入片段长度约为6.5kb,获得6×105个克隆数。通过PCR筛选,由雨生红球藻基因组文库中获得含bkt1序列的单克隆菌,与β-胡萝卜素氧化酶序列(GenBank:DQ086233.1)进行比对,结果表明bkt1基因组序列含有6个外显子。本研究为进一步鉴定雨生红球藻相关基因提供了一个文库平台。     

盐藻基因组DNA文库的构建(英文)

以ＬａｍｂｄａＦＩＸ○ＲⅡ为载体,构建了盐藻（Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａｓａｌｉｎａ）的基因组文库。该文库包含了１．１×１０６个重组子,插入片段平均大小为１８ｋｂ左右,含插入片段的频率为１００％。该文库的容量约为盐藻单倍体基因组的２００倍。     

构建丝状真菌大片段基因组文库载体DNA的制备

载体DNA的制备是构建大片段基因组文库的关键步骤之一,高质量载体DNA受到酶切、脱磷等因素的影响,以载体pBHYG为材料,优化了限制性内切酶胁HindⅢ酶切和小牛肠碱性磷酸酶(CLAP)脱磷的作用条件,并在T4连接酶作用下自连,通过胶回收纯化制备了可用于进一步构建大片段基因组文库的线性载体DNA。     

Molecular phylogeny of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Saudi Arabia by DNA fingerprinting

Genetic diversity among 13 different cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) of Saudi Arabia was studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The screening of 140 RAPD primers allowed selection of 37 primers which revealed polymorphism, and the results were reproducible. All 13 genotypes were distinguishable by their unique banding patterns produced by 37 selected primers. Cluster analysis by the unweighted paired group method of arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed two main clusters. Cluster A consisted of five cultivars (Shehel, Om-Kobar, Ajwa, Om-Hammam and Bareem) with 0.59–0.89 Nei and Li's coefficient in the similarity matrix. Cluster B consisted of seven cultivars (Rabeeha, Shishi, Nabtet Saif, Sugai, Sukkary Asfar, Sukkary Hamra and Nabtet Sultan) with a 0.66–0.85 Nei and Li's similarity range. Om-Hammam and Bareem were the two most closely related cultivars among the 13 cultivars with the highest value in the similarity matrix for Nei and Li's coefficient (0.89). Ajwa was closely related with Om-Hammam and Bareem with the second highest value in the similarity matrix (0.86). Sukkary Hamra and Nabtet Sultan were also closely related, with the third highest value in the similarity matrix (0.85). The cultivar Barny did not belong to any of the cluster groups. It was 34% genetically similar to the rest of the 12 cultivars. The average similarity among the 13 cultivars was more than 50%. As expected, most of the cultivars have a narrow genetic base. The results of the analysis can be used for the selection of possible parents to generate a mapping population. The variation detected among the closely related genotypes indicates the efficiency of RAPD markers over the morphological and isozyme markers for the identification and construction of genetic linkage maps.Communicated by H.F. Linskens     

野生大豆基因文库的构建

以氯化铯密度梯度离心法纯化噬菌体λEMBL4,将纯化的EMBL4 DNA用BamH1/SalI双酶切制成载体。用CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)法提取野生大豆(种名待定)大分子DNA,Sau3A部分酶解,从琼脂糖凝胶中回收10—22kb“目的”DNA片段,与载体连接,体外包装成重组噬菌体。所得重组子值为8×10(?)pfu(噬菌斑形成单位),达到了构建野生大豆基因文库要求的理论值。以栽培大豆7S贮藏蛋白a′-cDNA作探针,用噬菌斑原位杂交法从文库中筛选出一个阳性克隆。     

龙葵抗阿特拉津生物型叶绿体基因文库的建立

用对阿特拉津(Atrazine)除草剂抗性的龙葵生物型B_(12)株系作材料,制备叶绿体DNA。B_(12)株ctDNA(叶绿体DNA)经BamHI酶解,在0.7％琼脂糖凝胶电泳上呈现24条带,其中最大的片段为18.6kb,最小的片段为1kb。用pBR322作为载体,构建B_(12)株ctDNA BamHI片段文库。通过与探针的分子杂交,从中筛选出含有编码叶绿体32kd蛋白质的阿特拉津抗性基因的克隆pSB135和含有ATP合酶α亚单位基因的克隆pSB132。     

Assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants by RAPD and ISSR markers assay

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) markers assay were employed to validate the genetic stability of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants multiplied through somatic embryogenesis with upto forty two in vitro subcultures. Out of the 160 RAPD and 21 ISSR primers screened, 30 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers produced a total of 347 (246 RAPDs + 101 ISSRs) clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons, which were monomorphic across all micropropagated plants (27) studied. Thus, a total 8592 bands (number of plants analysed x number of amplicons with all the primers) were generated which exhibited homogeneous banding patterns with both RAPD and ISSR markers. These results indicate that the micropropagation protocol developed by us for rapid in vitro multiplication is appropriate and suitable for clonal propagation of date palm and corroborated the fact that somatic embryogenesis can also be used as one of the safest modes for production of true-to-type plants.     

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis in Indian mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars

Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], also known as mung bean, widely cultivated in a large number of countries, is an important pulse crop of Asia and is considered one of the ancestral species of the genus Vigna. Since yields of greengram have remained low across subtropical and tropical Asia, it is important to estimate genetic diversity in existing cultivars in order to see if the lack of genetic variability might be a constraining factor. In this study, 32 Indian cultivars of greengram were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 21 decamer primers. A total of 267 amplification products were formed at an average of 12.71 per primer with an overall polymorphism of 64%. The extent of polymorphism was moderate to low. Jaccard similarity coefficient values ranged from 0.65 to 0.92. The cluster analysis resulted in mainly three clusters revealing greater homology between cultivars released from the same source. The results of principal components analysis also substantiated this conclusion. The close genetic similarity between the cultivars could be explained due to the high degree of commonness in their pedigrees. The narrow genetic base of the greengram cultivars revealed in the present analysis emphasises the need to exploit the large germplasm collections having diverse morphoagronomic traits in cultivar improvement programs. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic Mapping of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is based on DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of random DNA segments using single arbitrary nucleotide sequences. We have adapted the assay to soybeans by using Stoffel Fragment DNA polymerase and by optimizing the reaction conditions. To increase the percentage of RAPD polymorphisms, the DNA template was digested with restriction enzymes before amplification. The combination of twenty-four primers and five DNA template treatments (Undigested, DraI, EcoRI, HindIII, and TaqI digested) revealed 94 polymorphic DNA fragments differing between soybean lines PI437654 and BSR101. Many polymorphic DNA bands were found unreliable or non-scoreable after re-screening of primers and verification of marker-allele segregation with 20 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). However, 28 RAPD markers were consistently polymorphic between the parental lines and followed Mendelian expectations. The use of DNA templates digested with DraI, EcoRI, HindIII or TaqI increased three times the number of RAPD markers compared to undigested DNA template alone. The 28 RAPD markers obtained were further screened with 72 RILs and placed on an existing RFLP map.     

重离子辐照玉米种子引起的基因组DNA变异分析

利用HI-13串列加速器产生的10 Gy、20 Gy、30 Gy和50 Gy ~7Li和~(12)C重离子束对玉米自交系478的干种子进行辐照,并用RAPD分析技术分析其变异情况.结果表明重离子~7Li和~(12)C辐照玉米种子可引起当代基因组DNA水平上的变异,一定范围内变异频率与注入剂量有关,在相同剂量下~7Li离子辐照的诱变率高于~(12)C离子辐照.     

杜鹃属基因组DNA提取及RAPD的检定

以杜鹃花属常绿杜鹃亚属井冈山杜鹃树叶为材料,分别采用修改的CTAB法、碱裂解法、SDS法提取基因组DNA。实验表明,三种方法所提的DNA纯度及产率有差别,从综合结果看,以CTAB法最好,其所提到的DNA大小与λDNA（21kb）相似,经检验该法适合杜鹃花属植物总基因组DNA的提取,所得DNA不需纯化就可直接用于RAPD分析。     

利用一碳化合物(C1)细菌的分离及基因组文库的构建

从污水样品中筛选到能利用甲醇的菌株B,经16SrDNA测序分析鉴定为肺炎克氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumo-niae)。甲醛耐受能力的测试表明该菌对甲醛具有较强耐受能力,能在含有8￣15mmol/L甲醛的LB培养基上生长。Southern杂交分析说明这菌株的基因组中有甲基营养菌6-磷酸己酮糖合成酶(HPS)和6-磷酸果糖异构酶(PHI)基因的同源序列。本研究以pUC118为载体构建了基因组文库,进一步检测结果说明所构建的基因组文库质量符合要求。     

Purification and characterization of membrane-bound peroxidase from date palm leaves (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Peroxidase from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves was purified to homogeneity and characterized biochemically. The enzyme purification included homogenization, extraction of pigments followed by consecutive chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose and Superdex 200. The purification factor for purified date palm peroxidase was 17 with 5.8% yield. The purity was checked by SDS and native PAGE, which showed a single prominent band. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 55 kDa as estimated by SDS–PAGE. The enzyme was characterized for thermal and pH stability, and kinetic parameters were determined using guaiacol as substrate. The optimum activity was between pH 5–6. The enzyme showed maximum activity at 55 °C and was fairly stable up to 75 °C, with 42% loss of activity. Date palm leaves peroxidase showed K_m values of 0.77 and 0.045 mM for guaiacol and H₂O₂, respectively. These properties suggest that this enzyme could be a promising tool for applications in different analytical determinations as well as for treatment of industrial effluents at low cost.     

The bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

The narrow-leafed lupin possesses valuable traits for environment-friendly agriculture and for the production of unconventional agricultural products. Despite various genetic and environmental studies, the breeding of improved cultivars has been slow due to the limited knowledge of its genomic structure. Further advances in genomics require, among other things, the availability of a genomic DNA library with large inserts. We report here on the construction of the first DNA library cloned in a BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) vector from diploid Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Sonet. The high molecular weight DNA used for its preparation was isolated from interphase nuclei that were purified by flow cytometry. The library comprises 55,296 clones and is ordered in 144×384-well microtitre plates. With an average insert size of 100 kb, the library represents six haploid genome equivalents. Thanks to the purification of the nuclei by flow cytometry, contamination with chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA was negligible. The availability of a BAC library opens avenues for the development of a physical contig map and positional gene cloning, as well as for the analysis of the plant’s genome structure and evolution.     

Isolation and PCR Amplification of Genomic DNA from Market Samples of Dry Tea

A simple procedure for DNA isolation from processed dried commercial samples of tea is described. The method involves a modified CTAB procedure employing extensive washing, use of 1% PVP to remove polyphenolics and a single phenol:chloroform extraction step. The average yield ranges from 164–494 g/g tea sample for various market samples. The DNA obtained from 11 different brands of tea using this procedure were consistently amplifiable (using both RAPD primers as well as defined sequences as primers) and digestible with restriction endonucleases.     

两个不同地区东方田鼠杂交子代RAPD标记分析

目的研究不同地区东方田鼠杂交后产下的子代的遗传特性.方法筛选4条10bp随机引物对宁夏和洞庭湖地区东方田鼠杂交子代的基因组进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析,并对不同地区亲代以及子代相互之间的基因组DNA进行相似性分析.结果①所有东方田鼠均有相同的扩增片段出现;②两个不同地区的亲代分别有特异性片般;③亲代的DNA带型均能在子代中找到;④同一胎次东方田鼠之间基因共享度大约在72%～96%之间.结论RAPD分析能在一定程度上反映出东方田鼠种的特性以及亚种的特异性,而且同一胎次之间基因共享度较高.     

顽拗植物龙眼基因组DNA提取方法的研究

为从顽拗植物龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)叶片中获得可供后续分子生物学操作的基因组DNA．针对其组织细胞内富含多酚、多糖、单宁及色素等物质的特点,采用改进的CTAB法和SDS法,即在核裂解之前先破碎细胞．将存在于细胞质中的次生物质去除后再裂解细胞桉．结合其它一些改进措施．提取到的DNA沉淀呈纯白色．极易溶解于TE中。两种改进方法的OD260和OD280比值分别达到1.82和1．73,其鲜叶基因组DNA产量分别为103ug/g和127ug／g：RAPD扩增条带清晰,丰富．完全满足后续分子生物学操作的要求,其中改良CTAB方法效果更为理想,与之埘比．传统的CTAB法和SDS法提取到的DNA沉淀呈浅黄色甚至红褐色,很难被TE溶解,其OD260和OD280比值均低于1．5,也得不到扩增产物。