Designing of MIP based QCM sensor having thymine recognition sites based on biomimicking DNA approach

Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors coated with molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) have been developed for the determination of thymine. In this method, methacryloylamidoadenine (MA-Ade) have used as a new monomer and thymine template for inspiration of DNA nucleobases interaction. The thymine can be simultaneously hydrogen binding to MA-Ade and fit into the shape-selective cavities. Thus, the interaction between nucleobases has an effect on the binding ability of the QCM sensors. The binding affinity of the thymine imprinted sensors has investigated by using the Langmuir isotherm. The thymine imprinted QCM electrodes have shown homogeneous binding sites for thymine (K_a: 1.0 × 10⁵ M⁻¹) while heterogeneous binding sites for uracil. On the other hand, recognition selectivity of the QCM sensor based on thymine imprinted polymer toward to uracil, ssDNA and ssRNA has been reported in this work.     

A duplex approach for immunochemical staining and typing of proteins in Western blots

In this study, we describe a detection system for the indirect detection of vaccinia virus by DNA analysis. The system uses quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as the detection technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification. Different immobilization strategies for the capture probe on the quartz chip are studied. For the QCM detection of hybridisation, the influence of the structure and length of target DNA is analyzed. For the detection of DNA from an amplification product, an efficient denaturation procedure is developed. On the basis of these investigations, vaccinia virus DNA is detected with only a low number of amplification rounds and a short analysis time. Specificity can be clearly shown. To enhance the signal strength and to have a further proof of specificity, a gold nanoparticle-tagged enhancer sequence can be used.     

纳米粒子标记DNA 探针在电化学DNA 生物传感器中的应用

介绍了纳米电化学DNA生物传感器的基本概念和分类,并介绍了用于DNA标记的纳米粒子的六种类型及其三大检测方法,在此基础上对纳米电化学DNA生物传感器在基因检测、疾病诊断、DNA检测等方面的最新进展进行了综述与讨论。     

Detection of specific DNA from crude extracts of rice seed grains using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

In this work, it is shown that the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) can be a powerful and simple tool for quick and precise kinetic enzymatic assays. This is shown by measuring immobilized acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with variations of pH as a case study.     

Development of surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensors for detection of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1

We have developed a new method for highly selective determination of the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) concentration using a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) technique and two different biosensors. UCH-L1 was captured from a solution by immobilized specific rabbit monoclonal antibody or specific LDN-57444 inhibitor due to formation of receptor–UCH-L1 complex on the biosensor surface. The analytically useful dynamic response range of both biosensors is between 0.1 and 2.5 ng/ml. The detection limit is 0.06 ng/ml for the biosensor with antibody and 0.08 ng/ml for the biosensor with inhibitor. Biosensors based on both antibody and inhibitor were found to be suitable for quantitative determination of the UCH-L1 and exhibit good tolerance to the potential interferents. Both biosensors gave comparable results in the range of 0 to 0.20 ng/ml for plasma samples and 0.30 to 0.49 ng/ml for cerebrospinal fluid samples. To validate the new methods, comparative determination of UCH-L1 by the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was performed. In general, in terms of UCH-L1 concentration, a good correlation between SPRI and ELISA was found. The developed biosensors can be used successfully for the determination of UCH-L1 in body fluids.     

Specific binding of peanut agglutinin to GM1-doped solid supported lipid bilayers investigated by shear wave resonator measurements

This study deals with the specific interaction between the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) from Arachis hypogaea and the ganglioside G_M1 which was incorporated in a solid supported lipid bilayer immobilized on a gold electrode placed on top of an AT-cut quartz crystal. Bilayer formation was reached by self-assembly processes. The first monolayer consists of octanethiol attached to the gold surface via chemisorption and the second monolayer was immobilized by vesicle fusion on the preformed hydrophobic surface. We managed to keep unspecific binding to a minimum by using a phospholipid matrix consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). Lectin binding to ganglioside G_M1 containing membranes was determined by a decrease of the resonant frequency of the quartz crystal. The minimum amount of receptor within the membrane which is necessary to obtain a complete protein monolayer was found to be less than 2 mol%. The adsorption isotherm of PNA to G_M1 was recorded and analyzed to be of Langmuir type, exhibiting a binding constant of PNA to the ganglioside of 8.3 ⋅ 10⁵ M^–1. The good agreement of the calculated Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the obtained experimental data implies that protein multilayers are not formed and that interactions between the adsorbents can be neglected. Furthermore, the association constants of two different saccharides, β-Galp-(1 → 3)-GalNAc exhibiting a strong binding to PNA in solution, and β-D-galactose with a much lower affinity were estimated by determining the equilibrium concentration of PNA attached to the surface. Moreover we were able to remove the attached lectin monolayer by digestion of the protein with pronase causing an increase in the resonant frequency which almost reversed the frequency shift to lower frequencies during adsorption. An even more complex system was built up by the use of digoxigenin-labeled PNA which also binds to the solid supported membrane containing the receptor G_M1. The immobilized lectin was recognized by anti-digoxigenin-F_ab-fragments, which is measurable by a further decrease of the resonant frequency. For all binding processes we found larger frequency shifts for a complete protein monolayer than predicted by Sauerbrey's equation, clearly showing that in addition to mass loading viscoelastic changes occur at the lipid-protein interface. Received: 22 July 1996 / Accepted: 12 September 1996     

IL-18 DNA免疫对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

为了研究白细胞介素-18(IL-18)基因对人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,将人IL-18基因插入到真核表达载体pVAX1中,构建了真核表达载体pVAX1-IL-18;将pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,同时观察免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应.酶切及测序结果表明成功地构建了人IL-18基因真核表达载体;与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低(P<0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高(P<0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组(P<0.01).IL-18基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素-18基因对体液免疫有抑制作用.     

IL—18DNA免疫对HIV—1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

为了研究白细胞介素-18(IL-18)基因对人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,将人IL-18基因插入到真核表达载体pVAX1中,构建了真核表达载体pVAX1-IL-18;将pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,同时观察免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应。酶切及测序结果表明成功地构建了人IL-18基因真核表达载体;与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低(P<0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高(P<0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组(P<0.01)。IL-18基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素-18基因对体液免疫有抑制作用。     

Quantitative study of HIV-1 Tat peptide and TAR RNA interaction inhibited by poly(allylamine hydrochloride)

The interaction of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) with TAR RNA has been studied by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) cooperating with capillary electrophoresis (CE). Experimental results showed that PAH had high affinity for TAR RNA. In particular, PAH could disrupt the interaction of Tat peptide with TAR RNA, which is critical for HIV-1 virus replication. The approaches described here indicate that they are powerful for studying the binding processes of Tat peptide-TAR RNA and drug-TAR RNA, having great significance for the design of new drug.     

Adhesion and rupture of liposomes mediated by electrostatic interaction monitored by thickness shear mode resonators

Adhesion and spreading of negatively charged unilamellar vesicles composed of POPG/POPC and DPPG/DPPC on positively charged self-assembly monolayers of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol were monitored by means of thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators with a fundamental frequency of 5 MHz. Changes of frequency and motional resistance upon vesicle adsorption were recorded as a function of surface charge density and lyotropic phase state of the lipids. From the readout of the TSM resonator, changes of the shape of the vesicles as well as the formation of supported lipid bilayers can be inferred in a quantitative manner. Increasing surface charge densities on the vesicles, which are tunable by the POPG content, led to decreasing frequency and resistance changes. At very high PG content, a lower limit of 3–12 Hz was found, indicative of the formation of planar bilayers due to vesicle rupture induced by the strong electrostatic interaction forces. Vesicles composed of DPPG/DPPC were less susceptible to deformation and rupture, a fact that can be attributed to the higher bending rigidity of DPPG/DPPC liposomes. More than 70 mol% of DPPG were needed to induce adhesion-controlled rupture of surface-attached vesicles, while only 30–50% of POPG were sufficient to form planar lipid bilayers on the quartz.     

Comparison of cultured cell attachment on a temperature-responsive polymer,poly-l-lysine,and collagen using modeling curves and a thermal-controlled quartz crystal microbalance

Journal of Biological Physics - The characteristics of cultured cell attachment onto poly-l-lysine (PLL), collagen, and the thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were...     

The Comparative and Functional Study between Two Construction Methods of shRNA Expression Vector Targeted LMP1 Gene Encoded by EBV

To look for a more stable and convenient way of constructing short hairpin RNA expression vectors targeting the latent membrane protein-1(LMP-1) encoded by Epstein-Barr virus(pshLMP1), and to study the inhibition function of pshLMP1 expression vectors in HNE1 cells, we designed the pshLMP1 expression cassette and pshLMP1 expression vectors by both the annealing method and PCR method and then co-transfected with pEGFP-N1-1158 into HNE1 cells to observe the mRNA and protein levels of LMP-1 genes by green fluorescence analysis, RT-PCR and western blot. pshLMP1 expression vectors were successfully obtained by both methods but better cloning efficiency was achieved and fewer deletions and mutations of nucleotides were achieved with the PCR method. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of LMP-1 genes were down-regulated by pshLMP1 expression vectors. According to our research, we found that the PCR method provides a more efficient way to construct pshLMP1 expression vectors which have the ability to inhibit the function of LMP-1 genes expressed in HNE1 cells, and also provides a novel application of RNA interference technology against-EBV.     

The Comparative and Functional Study between Two Construction Methods of shRNA Expression Vector Targeted LMP1 Gene Encoded by EBV

To look for a more stable and convenient way of constructing short hairpin RNA expression vectors targeting the latent membrane protein-1(LMP-1)encoded by Epstein-Barr virus(pshLMP1),and to study the inhibition function of pshLMP1 expression vectors in HNE1 cells,we designed the pshLMP1 expression cassette and pshLMP1 expression vectors by both the annealing method and PCR method and then co-transfected with pEGFP-N1-1158 into HNE1 cells to observe the mRNA and protein levels of LMP-1 genes by green fluorescence analysis,RT-PCR and western blot.pshLMP1 expression vectors were successfully obtained by both methods but better cloning efficiency was achieved and fewer deletions and mutations of nucleotides were achieved with the PCR method.Furthermore,the mRNA and protein levels of LMP-1 genes were down-regulated by pshLMP1 expression vectors.According to our research,we found that the PCR method provides a more efficient way to construct pshLMP1 expression vectors which have the ability to inhibit the function of LMP-1 genes expressed in HNE1 cells,and also provides a novel application of RNA interference technology against-EBV.     

Clinical performance of non-radioactive assays for HIV-1 DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction

A major factor preventing more widespread use of polymerase chain reaction in the clinical laboratory is the lack of convenient non-radioactive probe hybridization procedures which do not sacrifice sensitivity or specificity. In this report, we describe comparisons of probes labelled with biotin, digoxygenin, alkaline phosphatase, and³²P. We report the comparison of solution or liquid hybridization assay and Southern blotting with digoxygenin-labelled oligonucleotides on a total of 64 clinical specimens. Perfect diagnostic agreement between the³²P and digoxygenin probes was obtained. These data suggest that the non-radioactive assay as described is as sensitive and as specific as the assay with³²P-Iabelled probes.     

Nanogravimetric and voltammetric DNA-hybridization biosensors for studies of DNA damage by common toxicants and pollutants

Electrochemical and nanogravimetric DNA-hybridization biosensors have been developed for sensing single mismatches in the probe-target ssDNA sequences. The voltammetric transduction was achieved by coupling ferrocene moiety to streptavidin linked to biotinylated tDNA. The mass-related frequency transduction was implemented by immobilizing the sensory pDNA on a gold-coated quartz crystal piezoresonators oscillating in the 10 MHz band. The high sensitivity of these sensors enabled us to study DNA damage caused by representative toxicants and environmental pollutants, including Cr(VI) species, common pesticides and herbicides. We have found that the sensor responds rapidly to any damage caused by Cr(VI) species, with more severe DNA damage observed for Cr₂O₇²⁻ and for CrO₄²⁻ in the presence of H₂O₂ as compared to CrO₄²⁻ alone. All herbicides and pesticides examined caused DNA damage or structural alterations leading to the double-helix unwinding. Among these compounds, paraoxon-ethyl and atrazine caused the fastest and most severe damage to DNA. The physico-chemical mechanism of damaging interactions between toxicants and DNA has been proposed. The methodology of testing voltammetric and nanogravimetric DNA-hybridization biosensors developed in this work can be employed as a simple protocol to obtain rapid comparative data concerning DNA damage caused by herbicide, pesticides and other toxic pollutants. The DNA-hybridization biosensor can, therefore, be utilized as a rapid screening device for classifying environmental pollutants and to evaluate DNA damage induced by these compounds.     

The role of lipid II in membrane binding of and pore formation by nisin analyzed by two combined biosensor techniques

Nisin, a peptide antibiotic, efficiently kills bacteria through a unique mechanism which includes inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis and pore formation in cytoplasmic membranes. Both mechanisms are based on interaction with the cell wall precursor lipid II which is simultaneously used as target and pore constituent. We combined two biosensor techniques to investigate the nisin activity with respect to membrane binding and pore formation in real time. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) allows the detection of nisin binding kinetics. The presence of 0.1 mol% lipid II strongly increased nisin binding affinity to DOPC (k_D 2.68 × 10^− 7 M vs. 1.03 × 10^− 6 M) by a higher association rate. Differences were less pronounced while using negatively charged DOPG membranes. However, lipid II does not influence the absolute amount of bound nisin. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) data confirmed that in presence of 0.1 mol% lipid II, nanomolar nisin concentrations were sufficient to form pores, while micromolar concentrations were necessary in absence of lipid II. Both techniques suggested unspecific destruction of pure DOPG membranes by micromolar nisin concentrations which were prevented by lipid II. This model membrane stabilization by lipid II was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Combined CV and QCM are valuable to interpret the role of lipid II in nisin activity.     

EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白1在鼻咽癌细胞中通过STAT3促进VEGF表达

探讨了EB病毒编码的潜伏膜蛋白1(LMP1)是否通过STAT3调控诱导血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的表达.利用蛋白质印迹的方法对HNE2、HNE2-LMP1以及瞬时转染STAT3显性负性突变体STAT3β的HNE2-LMP1细胞中VEGF含量进行检测,发现LMP1可以上调VEGF的表达,而STAT3β可以抑制VEGF的上调;利用LMP1可控表达细胞系tet-on-LMP1-HNE2进行LMP1时间和剂量诱导表达研究,发现VEGF可以随LMP1的动态表达而表达;将VEGF野生型报告基因和VEGF潜在的STAT3转录因子突变体报告基因与LMP1表达载体分别共转染研究发现,LMP1可以激活VEGF的转录,这种转录通过VEGF启动子区STAT3转录因子的结合位点发挥作用;电泳迁移率变动分析(EMSA)确证了STAT3的这种DNA位点的特异性活性.结果表明：EB病毒编码的LMP1 在鼻咽癌细胞中可以增加VEGF的转录和表达,并能通过VEGF启动子区STAT3转录因子结合位点发挥作用.     

Identification of a codominant amplified polymorphic DNA marker linked to the verticillium wilt resistance gene in tomato

Resistance to verticillium wilt, a vascular disease causing yield losses in many crops, is conferred in tomato by a single dominant allele, Ve. A population segregating for the Ve allele was generated using near-isogenic tomato lines. Analysis of the parental tomato DNA using the polymerase chain reaction and 400 random primers, each 10 deoxyribonucleotides in length, produced 1,880 amplified DNA fragments. Of the four polymorphisms observed between the resistant and susceptible parental genotypes, only one was linked to the Ve gene. No recombination was observed between this DNA marker and the Ve locus, indicating that the linkage is less than 3.5±2.7 cM. The marker detected both the susceptible and resistant alleles, producing amplified DNA fragments of approximately 1,300 and 1,350 bp, respectively. The sequence of the primer, determined from cloned amplified products, was 5 CTCACATGCA 3 instead of the expected 5 CTCACATGCC 3. The marker will be of value to tomato breeding programs because of the tight linkage, Codominant nature, and analytical procedure utilized.