Kinin Release after Gastric Surgery

Kinin studies were performed in six patients with vasomotor dumping after gastric surgery and in six control patients who had had similar surgical procedures without subsequent dumping. Depletion of the precursor, kininogen, was found in all the patients with dumping and increased free plasma kinin activity in four after a 50-g carbohydrate meal which precipitated an attack. No significant changes were found in the control group after a high carbohydrate intake.     

Red Cell Survival after Heterograft Valve Surgery

Intravascular haemolysis was studied in 24 patients three to nine months after calf or pig valve heterografts had been inserted for severe valvular heart disease. No patient had haemolytic anaemia. In five of the 24 patients there was subclinical haemolysis, and in these five the haemolysis appeared to be related to residual aortic regurgitation or to the presence of other foreign material such as a Dacron aortic graft. The extent of postoperative haemolysis in these five patients was comparable to that observed preoperatively in patients with valvular heart disease.The results support the belief that, in contrast to artificial valve prostheses, heterograft valves behave similarly to human valves as regards haemolysis.     

心脏外科术后心房颤动的研究进展

心房颤动(Atrial Fibrillation,AF)是心脏术后较常见的并发症之一.它不但增加患者的住院天数和住院费用,而且还可以引起术后栓塞、脑血管以外和心功能衰竭的发生.研究发现术前高龄、左房增大、术后停用β受体阻滞剂等是心脏术后房颤发生的危险因素.现对其发生的危险因素、预防策略和药物治疗进行总结.     

普外科手术切口感染分析

目的：探讨普外科手术切口感染危险因素,为预防和控制感染,提高医疗质量提供依据。方法：对我院普外科1225例手术治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,统计其中切口感染的比率,并对感染的危险因素进行分析,统计分析患者的性别、年龄、是否合并基础性疾病,手术类型、手术时间和切口类型、麻醉方法以及住院时间和抗生素使用情况等与感染的关系。结果：1225例患者中发生切口感染78例,感染率为6．36％,患者的年龄、是否合并基础疾病、手术时间、手术类型、手术方式、切口类型、住院时间和抗生素应用情况均与术后切口感染率关系密切（P〈0．05）。性别和麻醉方法与术后切口感染未见相关性（P〉O．05）。结论：根据切口感染因素,结合患者自身特点制定合理的手术计划,有利于降低感染风险,提高医疗质量。     

Blood Platelet Behaviour during and after Open-heart Surgery

In view of the high incidence of thromboembolic complications after the insertion of cardiac valve prostheses, platelet adhesiveness and aggregation was measured in whole blood before, during, and for several days after this operation in 10 patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in a profound decrease in the platelet count, in the number of adhesive platelets, and in platelet aggregation. These changes returned to near preoperative levels by the sixth postoperative day. Thereafter a consistent and sustained increase in platelet count, in the number of adhesive platelets, and in platelet aggregation was observed. The results suggest that the prevalence of thromboembolism after valve replacement may be due partly to changes in platelet behaviour.     

Long-Term Results after Proximal Thoracic Aortic Redo Surgery

Objective

To evaluate early and mid-term results in patients undergoing proximal thoracic aortic redo surgery.

Methods

We analyzed 60 patients (median age 60 years, median logistic EuroSCORE 40) who underwent proximal thoracic aortic redo surgery between January 2005 and April 2012. Outcome and risk factors were analyzed.

Results

In hospital mortality was 13%, perioperative neurologic injury was 7%. Fifty percent of patients underwent redo surgery in an urgent or emergency setting. In 65%, partial or total arch replacement with or without conventional or frozen elephant trunk extension was performed. The preoperative logistic EuroSCORE I confirmed to be a reliable predictor of adverse outcome- (ROC 0.786, 95%CI 0.64–0.93) as did the new EuroSCORE II model: ROC 0.882 95%CI 0.78–0.98. Extensive individual logistic EuroSCORE I levels more than 67 showed an OR of 7.01, 95%CI 1.43–34.27. A EuroSCORE II larger than 28 showed an OR of 4.44 (95%CI 1.4–14.06). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a critical preoperative state (OR 7.96, 95%CI 1.51–38.79) but not advanced age (OR 2.46, 95%CI 0.48–12.66) as the strongest independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Median follow-up was 23 months (1–52 months). One year and five year actuarial survival rates were 83% and 69% respectively. Freedom from reoperation during follow-up was 100%.

Conclusions

Despite a substantial early attrition rate in patients presenting with a critical preoperative state, proximal thoracic aortic redo surgery provides excellent early and mid-term results. Higher EuroSCORE I and II levels and a critical preoperative state but not advanced age are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. As a consequence, age alone should no longer be regarded as a contraindication for surgical treatment in this particular group of patients.     

腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术后淋巴囊肿的护理干预

目的:探讨护理干预对腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术后患者发生淋巴囊肿的影响。方法:将100例接受腹腔镜宫颈癌手术的患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各50例。对照组患者给予放置引流管、记录引流量、观察引流液体性状等常规护理干预,实验组患者在常规护理基础上采用医患沟通、腹带应用、引流管护理、药物应用等综合干预。观察并比较两组患者术后盆腔淋巴囊肿的发生率。结果:对照组淋巴囊肿的发生率为10%,实验组淋巴囊肿的发生率为4%,实验组明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:综合性护理干预能有效降低腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术后淋巴囊肿的发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

Hospitalization after Cataract Surgery in a Nationwide Managed-Care Population

Purpose

Little is known regarding the extent by which patients undergoing outpatient cataract surgery are at risk for postoperative hospitalization. We sought to determine the percentage of patients undergoing cataract surgery who were subsequently hospitalized, the patient characteristics associated with postoperative hospitalization, and the reasons for hospitalization.

Methods

We identified all beneficiaries of a large U.S. managed care network age ≥40 years old who underwent ≥1 cataract surgery from 2001–2011. All enrollees who required inpatient hospitalization within 7, 14, 30, and 90 days following initial cataract surgery and the reasons for hospitalization were determined. Logistic regression was performed to assess factors that significantly impacted the odds of requiring postoperative hospitalization.

Results

Among the 64,981 patients who underwent cataract surgery, rates of hospitalization within 7, 14, 30, and 90 days were 0.3%, 0.5%, 1.3% and 4.2%, respectively. Among the 10,674 patients who had no major preexisting medical comorbidities, 0.1% were hospitalized within 7 days. The odds of hospitalization increased by 35% (OR = 1.35 [CI, 1.23–1.48]) with the presence of each additional comorbidity and by 14% with each additional hospitalization in the 3 years prior to cataract surgery (OR = 1.14 [CI, 1.10–1,18]). Those who were hospitalized in the 30 days prior to cataract surgery had 524% increased odds of being hospitalized within 7 days after cataract surgery (OR = 6.24, [CI, 3.37–11.57]) compared to those with no record of preoperative hospitalization. Postoperative hospitalizations were most commonly due to cardiovascular conditions, comprising over 25% of primary diagnoses associated with hospitalization.

Conclusions

The risk of hospitalization after cataract surgery is low, and is very low among those with no major preexisting medical comorbidities. Opportunities may exist to limit comprehensive preoperative evaluation and testing to those who have serious pre-existing medical comorbidities.     

结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘危险因素分析

目的:探讨可能引起结直癌术后吻合口瘘的原因。方法:回顾性调查分析1999年1月至2009年1月所有在石河子大学医学院第一附属医院接受手术治疗并行肠吻合的结直癌患者病历资料826例。结果:826例手术患者中发生吻合口瘘70例,发生率为8.5%。吻合口瘘的发生与病人的性别、年龄、体型等有关,与手术者、术中是否使用生物蛋白胶无关。结论:结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生与多个危险因素有关。