基因强化在难降解污染物生物处理和修复中的应用

基因强化通过强化降解基因在土著菌群中的水平迁移和传播, 促进土著降解菌群的进化, 改善基因工程菌生物强化作用的稳定性, 提高难降解污染物的生物去除效果。介绍了基因强化的原理-微生物群落内水平基因迁移, 讨论了基因载体、细胞接触条件和环境条件等影响基因强化的因素, 综述了目前基因强化在土壤生物修复和废水生物处理中的应用现状, 并提出了基因强化中存在的问题。     

环境中污染物降解基因的水平转移(HGT)及其在生物修复中的作用

水平基因转移是不同于垂直基因转移的遗传物质的交流方式.在污染环境这一特异生态环境中,降解基因的水平转移有着独特的功能与作用.研究环境中污染物降解基因在微生物间的水平转移,更深入地了解微生物种群适应污染环境的机理,对于评价污染物的环境毒理、生物可降解性以及污染环境的可修复潜力具有重要参考价值.在污染物生物修复实践中,可以通过调控降解基因的水平转移,增强污染环境中微生物的降解能力,更有效地发挥生物修复作用.文章将对环境中细菌间基因交流的机制,污染物降解基因的水平转移对微生物适应污染环境的机理、水平基因转移对代谢途径的进化及其对污染物生物修复作用的影响等方面的研究进展做一综述.     

Cloning of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase Gene and Construction of a Stable Genetically Engineered Strain for Degrading Crude Oil

Pseudomonas putida strain BNF1 was isolated to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons efficiently and use phenol as a main carbon and energy source to support its growth. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was found to be the responsible key enzyme for the biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene was cloned from plasmid DNA of P. putida strain BNF1. The nucleotide base sequence of a 924 bp segment encoding the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) was determined. This segment showed an open reading frame, which encoded a polypeptide of 307 amino acids. C23O gene was inserted into NotI-cut transposon vector pUT/mini-Tn5 (Km^r) to get a novel transposon vector pUT/mini-Tn5-C23O. With the helper plasmid PRK2013, the transposon vector pUT/mini-Tn5-C23O was introduced into one alkanes degrading strain Acinetobacter sp. BS3 by triparental conjugation, and then the C23O gene was integrated into the chromosome of Acinetobacter sp. BS3. And the recombinant BS3-C23O, which could express catechol 2,3-dioxygenase protein, was obtained. The recombinant BS3-C23O was able to degrade various aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes. Broad substrate specificity, high enzyme activity, and the favorable stability suggest that the BS3-C23O was a potential candidate used for the biodegradation of crude oil.     

Fate in water of a recombinantEscherichia coli K-12 strain used in the commercial production of bovine somatotropin

Summary The fate in water ofEscherichia coli K-12 strain LBB269, both plasmid-free and carrying the recombinant plasmid pBGH1, was studied.E. coli K-12 strain LBB269 (pBGH1) is a nalidixic acid resistant derivative of W3110G (pBGH1), the microorganism used by Monsanto Company for the commercial production of bovine somatotropin. Water samples were obtained from the Missouri River and from the Monsanto Life Sciences Research Center aqueous waste basin. Strains LBB269 and LBB269 (pBGH1) were grown in fermentation vessel under bovine somatotropin (BST) production conditions, and inoculated into the water samples. The inoculated water samples were incubated, at 26°C, and the number of viableE. coli cells was determined as a function of time. In sterile water from both sources, the two strains remained, at a constant level for at least 28 days; LBB269 (pBGH1) remained at a constant level in sterile water for at least 300 days. In non-sterile water from both sources, the two strains declined from an initial concentration of about 3.0×10⁶ cells per ml to less than 10 cells per ml in 147 h. The study conditions did not adversely affect the populations of indigenous microorganisms. The selective loss of strains LBB269 and LBB269 (pBGH1) demonstrates that theseE. coli strains do not survive in environmental sources of water. In addition, it was observed that the presence of pBGH1 had essentially no effect on the disappearance of strain LBB269 from either source of water.     

Bioaugmentation of the decolorization rate of acid red GR by genetically engineered microorganism <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> JM109 (pGEX-AZR)

The study showed that the genetically engineered microorganism (GEM) bioaugment successfully the dye wastewater biotreatment systems to enhance acid red GR (ARGR) removal. Escherichia coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was the GEM with higher azoreductase activity. The kinetics of the ARGR decolorization by the E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) agreed with Andrews model. The kinetic parameters, r _dye,max, K _s and K _i , were found to be 42.45 mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹, 584.93 mg L⁻¹ and 556.89 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was tested in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBR) in order to enhance the ARGR decolorization. The decolorization rate of ARGR was affected by the amount of E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) inoculation and the best amount of inoculation was 10%. The continuous operations of the four bioreactors with different E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) immobilization supports showed that the E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) could bioaugment decolorization in AnSBRs with suspended and immobilized on macroporous foam carriers. For 42 days continuous operation in the AnSBRs, both the tolerance to ARGR concentration shock and the decolorization rate in these two bioaugmented AnSBRs are higher than those of the other two systems, control system and bioaugmented AnSBRs system with the sodium-alginate immobilized cells, the decolorization rate reached 90%. Changes in microbial community were detected by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), which revealed that the introduced E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was persistent in the augmented systems and maintained higher metabolic activity.     

产肌醇酿酒酵母基因工程菌的构建

【目的】过表达酿酒酵母肌醇合成关键酶基因INO1,促进肌醇合成,构建能够分泌肌醇的基因工程菌株。【方法】构建r DNA介导的INO1基因多拷贝整合表达载体p URIH,电转化酿酒酵母Y01菌株,构建工程菌株YI2-1和YI2-2,荧光定量PCR方法分析INO1基因表达量。敲除Kan MX抗性基因,HPLC检测重组菌发酵液中肌醇含量。【结果】获得INO1基因过表达菌株YI2-1和YI2-2,YI2-1的INO1基因表达量是出发菌Y01的16.235倍。敲除Kan MX抗性基因的菌株命名为YI2-1△KP,初步检测YI2-1△KP产肌醇量为627 mg/L。【结论】r DNA介导的INO1基因多拷贝整合表达载体p URIH能够有效地过表达目的基因;过表达菌株合成的肌醇不仅能满足自身的需要,而且能够向胞外分泌,具有潜在的工业应用价值。     

Efficient and specific generation of knockout mice using Campylobacter jejuni CRISPR/Cas9 system

The Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR/Cas9 (SpCas9) system is now widely utilized to generate genome engineered mice; however, some studies raised issues related to off-target mutations with this system. Herein, we utilized the Campylobacter jejuni Cas9 (CjCas9) system to generate knockout mice. We designed sgRNAs targeting mouse Tyr or Foxn1 and microinjected into zygotes along with CjCas9 mRNA. We obtained newborn mice from the microinjected embryos and confirmed that 50% (Tyr) and 38.5% (Foxn1) of the newborn mice have biallelic mutation on the intended target sequences, indicating efficient genome targeting by CjCas9. In addition, we analyzed off-target mutations in founder mutant mice by targeted deep sequencing and whole genome sequencing. Both analyses revealed no off-target mutations at potential off-target sites predicted in silico and no unexpected random mutations in analyzed founder animals. In conclusion, the CjCas9 system can be utilized to generate genome edited mice in a precise manner.     

代谢工程改造酿酒酵母合成肌醇

【目的】肌醇别名环己六醇,是一种具有生物活性的糖醇,在医药、食品和饲料等领域具有重要的应用价值。为获得生产肌醇的微生物细胞工厂,通过代谢工程改造,构建生产肌醇的酿酒酵母工程菌株。【方法】对酿酒酵母肌醇合成途径的正负调控同时改造,过表达肌醇-3-磷酸合成酶基因ino1,敲除肌醇生物合成的转录抑制子基因opi1和抗性基因kan MX,获得重组菌。利用气相色谱法检测重组菌发酵液中肌醇含量。【结果】构建了生物安全性的产肌醇基因工程菌株,摇瓶培养产量为1.021 g/L。【结论】通过过表达ino1和敲除opi1来改造酿酒酵母,能够有效提高重组菌的肌醇产量,为下一步的微生物发酵法产肌醇的工业应用奠定基础。     

环境因子和外源化学物质对果树UFGT基因的影响

近几年来,花色苷对果树叶片和果皮着色的作用虽备受关注,但对其合成途径中UDP-葡萄糖：类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶基因（UFGT）的研究以及环境因子和外源化学物质对该基因的影响仍缺乏系统评述。文章描述了UFGT基因的基本特性,并基于国内外相关研究进展,介绍了UFGT基因在果树花色苷合成及果皮着色等方面的作用,重点总结分析了环境因子和外源化学物质对UFGT基因的影响,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为进一步研究UFGT基因提供参考依据。