显齿蛇葡萄提取物抗油脂氧化作用研究

用显齿蛇葡萄Ampelopsis grossedentata幼嫩茎叶提取物进行抗氧化试验,结果表明:显齿蛇葡萄幼嫩茎叶提取物有很强的抗氧化作用.0.2%的显齿蛇葡萄提取物对油脂的抗氧化效果超过同浓度的BHA及生姜提取物,0.7%的显齿蛇葡萄提取物对菜油、猪油的氧化抑制率比0.2%的BHA分别高出49.8%、9.4%,比0.2%生姜提取物分别高出46.5%、62.2%.     

显齿蛇葡萄抗氧化活性与主要成分相关性研究

探究不同显齿蛇葡萄提取物抗氧化活性及其与多酚、黄酮、二氢杨梅素的相关性。实验分别用水和乙醇溶液提取制备四种显齿蛇葡萄提取物,并测定总多酚、总黄酮、二氢杨梅素含量。利用·OH、O_2~-·、DPPH自由基清除实验以及还原力实验共四种体系,评价各提取物抗氧化活性;使用SPSS进行活性与成分的Pearson相关分析,并建立回归方程模型。结果显示,四种提取物均具有显著抗氧化活性,但差异明显,综合以二氢杨梅素提取物最强,醇提物居中,水提物最弱。Pearson相关分析显示不同提取物的抗氧化活性与总多酚、总黄酮、二氢杨梅素含量呈显著正相关(P 0.01),表明总多酚、总黄酮、二氢杨梅素均是显齿蛇葡萄中主要抗氧化功效因子,但不同抗氧化体系中三种成分的影响程度表现各异。     

三种芦荟汁的抑菌活性及其影响因素研究

目的：探索美国库拉索芦荟、日本木立芦荟和中华芦荟汁液的抑菌作用。方法：测定三种芦荟叶片提取物对一系列供试细菌和真菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）,对比121℃热处理30min前后提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。结果：三种芦荟提取物对供试细菌的金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑菌浓度均为0.4%;对供试菌真菌的黑曲霉都有不同程度的抑制作用,其最低抑菌浓度为0.2%。热处理后抑菌效应没有明显的下降。结论：芦荟叶提取物的抑菌作用随浓度的增加和抑菌时间的延长而增强,热处理不会影响其抑菌效果。     

显齿蛇葡萄基本成分研究

对显齿蛇葡萄（Ampelopsis grossdentata)幼嫩茎叶中的粗蛋白,水溶性蛋白,氨基酸组分,总灰分,无机营养元素,多酚,水提取物,总黄酮以及其中的二氢杨梅素含量作了测定,结果表明：显齿蛇葡萄幼嫩茎叶中粗蛋白氨基酸及无机营养元素含量丰富,多酚,水提取率,总黄酮和二氢杨梅素含量高。显齿蛇葡萄幼嫩茎叶既可粗加工为具特殊风味的类茶产品,又可作集营养,保健,药用功能于一体的资源加以深度开发。     

金荞麦的抑菌活性研究

采用试管稀释法和管碟法分别研究了金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys)根状茎和茎叶不同溶剂提取物对6种细菌和13种真菌的体外抑菌作用。结果显示,金荞麦对细菌和真菌均有一定的抑制作用。对细菌的抑菌效果表明:各种提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、苏云芽孢杆菌、卡拉双球菌都有明显的抑菌作用,但是对5406放线菌只有根乙醇提取物和茎叶水提取物有一定的抑制效果。对真菌的抑菌效果表明:各种提取物对鞭毛菌、白色念珠菌、松赤枯病菌、玉米纹枯病菌、油菜菌核病菌、玉米弯胞杆菌、小麦赤霉病菌、绿色木霉都有明显的抑菌作用。     

竹荪提取物对食源性细菌的抑菌特性研究

利用4种方法获得棘托竹荪和长裙竹荪的提取物,以5种食源性致病细菌单增李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠炎沙门菌、大肠埃希菌O157H7、副溶血性弧菌为供试菌,比较其MIC(最低抑菌浓度)和MBC(最低杀菌浓度)。超声波辅助破碎竹荪干粉,制取水、乙醇和石油醚为提取介质的浸提物以及竹荪挥发油,利用液体培养基连续稀释法对5种供试菌进行抑菌实验。所有提取物对供试菌都具有抑菌活性;长裙竹荪提取物的综合抑菌能力高于棘托竹荪提取物;水提物和挥发油的抑菌效果最好;2种竹荪提取物对革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌的抑菌作用存在互补效应。竹荪提取物对5种食源性细菌的生长有较好的抑制作用,可应用2种竹荪的提取物复配,开发天然食品防腐剂。     

金荞麦的抑菌活性研究

采用试管稀释法和管碟法分别研究了金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys )根状茎和茎叶不同溶剂提取物对6种细菌和13种真菌的体外抑菌作用。结果显示,金荞麦对细菌和真菌均有一定的抑制作用。对细菌的抑菌效果表明:各种提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、苏云芽孢杆菌、卡拉双球菌都有明显的抑菌作用,但是对5406放线菌只有根乙醇提取物和茎叶水提取物有一定的抑制效果。对真菌的抑菌效果表明:各种提取物对鞭毛菌、白色念珠菌、松赤枯病菌、玉米纹枯病菌、油菜菌核病菌、玉米弯胞杆菌、小麦赤霉病菌、绿色木霉都有明显的抑菌作用。     

贯叶连翘总提取物对致病细菌的抗菌作用

用平板抑菌法检测了贯叶连翘总提取物对细菌的抗菌谱范围,用最低抑菌浓度(MIC)检测法、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)检测法检测了其抗菌作用的强弱。结果表明提取物对供试革兰氏阳性菌菌株均有较强的抑菌和杀菌作用,对极少数革兰氏阴性菌菌株有较弱的抑菌作用,无杀菌作用。该结果提示提取物抗菌作用可能与细菌细胞壁的结构与组成相关。     

宁化藤茶饼

宁化藤茶饼吴中声宁化藤茶饼系采用葡萄科植物显齿蛇葡萄（Ａｍｐｅｌｏｐｓｉｓｇｒｏｓｅｄｅｎｔａｔａ）的茎叶加工而成,俗称藤茶,其形似饼,故称之。藤茶饼是福建省宁化县民间常用草药之一。显齿蛇葡萄为木质藤木,叶的特征较明显：二回羽状复叶有９—１５个小叶,...     

红果龙葵茎和叶的抑菌作用研究

目的:研究红果龙葵茎、叶的水和乙醇提取液对常见微生物的抑菌作用。方法:制备红果龙葵茎和叶的水和乙醇提取液,用平板打孔法测定抑菌圈的方法,测定提取液对5种细菌的抑菌作用。结果和结论:红果龙葵茎和叶的水提取液和乙醇提取液对5种细菌有明显的抑制作用,乙醇提取液对5种细菌的抑菌作用强于水提取液;各提取液都显示出最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。     

藤茶保健含片的研制

以藤茶浓缩汁、麦芽糖醇、山梨糖醇和低聚异麦芽糖为主要原料,经混合、造粒、干燥、压片等工序,制成了低热量、具有保健功能的藤茶含片.     

Antibacterial activity of 7-aminocholesterol, a new sterol

Abstract A new sterol, 7-aminocholesterol, which inhibits growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , also displayed antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The 50% growth inhibitory concentration against strains of Listeria innocua L. monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus hirae and Bacillus cereus was 3 μM.     

379株血培养病原菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的了解血培养病原菌种类、临床分布及耐药情况。方法对2008年6月至2009年6月的379株血培养病原菌及其药敏情况用WHONET5.4软件进行统计分析。结果 379株病原菌中,分离率从高到低依次是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(133/35.1%)、大肠埃希菌(44/11.6%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(32/8.4%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(30/7.9%)、铜绿假单胞菌(25/6.6%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(18/4.7%)、肠球菌(13/3.4%)和其他(75/22.2%)。这些菌株主要分布在ICU和普外科。药敏结果分析显示:革兰阳性球菌中,未发现利奈唑胺和万古霉素耐药株。金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对苯唑西林的耐药率分别为61.1%和89.5%;屎肠球菌对多数抗生素耐药率超过80%,粪肠球菌对青霉素类抗生素敏感性较高。革兰阴性杆菌中,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中产ESBLs菌株比例分别为36.4%和31.3%,且发现2株耐亚胺培南的肺炎克雷伯菌;鲍曼不动杆菌除对卡那霉素保持敏感外,对其他抗生素的耐药率为50%~100%;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢曲松的耐药率为100%,对其他β-内酰胺类抗生素、氨基糖苷类和喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率相对较低。结论临床上应规范血培养标本留取方法以减少污染,加强细菌耐药监测、严格抗生素使用,以延缓细菌耐药情况的发生和发展。     

植物黄酮二氢杨梅素的提纯及结晶形态研究

显齿葡萄属植物富含黄酮物质。研究对显齿葡萄黄酮提取物二氢杨梅素的提纯及结晶态进行了初步探讨。结果表明:以水作为结晶溶剂进行多次重结晶,可有效去除植物黄酮提取物的杂质,总黄酮含量由原来的86%提高至96.5%。二氢杨梅素在水相中的结晶态多为针状结晶,水相保温结晶呈放射性棒状结晶。在pH4.5的条件下,其溶解度最低可获得较高的回收率。     

Antibiotic resistance and probiotic properties of dominant lactic microflora from Tungrymbai, an ethnic fermented soybean food of India

The present investigation was conducted to assess lactic acid bacteria present in traditionally fermented food of ethnic tribes in India for probiotic properties, antibacterial activity, and antibiotic tolerance behavior. Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Lactococcus sp. showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus MTCC 430, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MTCC 740, and Salmonella enterica ser. paratyphi A MTCC 735. Lactococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. could tolerate acidic conditions (pH 2) and high bile salt concentration (4000 ppm). The lactic microflora were found to be sensitive to most common antibiotics, except for cloxacillin (5 μg), cephalexin (30 μg), and cephalothin (30 μg).     

茅岩莓的利用现状与扦插栽培技术

茅岩莓茶是张家界市土家族地区的特色保健茶产品,开发利用它对促进山区村民的脱贫致富和农业产业结构调整有着重要意义。本文对茅岩莓的研究与利用现状进行了分析,在大量调查研究的基础上,总结和归纳了茅岩莓的扦插育苗技术和优质高效栽培技术。     

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The evolution and molecular mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus were reviewed. Case reports and research studies on biochemestry, electron microscopy and molecular biology of Staphylococcus aureus were selected from Medline database and summarized in the following review. After almost 40 years of successful treatment of S. aureus with vancomycin, several cases of clinical failures have been reported (since 1997). S. aureus strains have appeared with intermediate susceptibility (MIC 8-16 microg/ml), as well as strains with heterogeneous resistance (global MIC < or =4 microg/ml), but with subpopulations of intermediate susceptibility. In these cases, resistance is mediated by cell wall thickening with reduced cross linking. This traps the antibiotic before it reaches its major target, the murein monomers in the cell membrane. In 2002, a total vancomycin resistant strain (MIC > or =32 microg/ml) was reported with vanA genes from Enterococcus spp. These genes induce the change of D-Ala-D-Ala terminus for D-Ala-D-lactate in the cell wall precursors, leading to loss of affinity for glycopeptides. Vancomycin resistance in S. aureus has appeared; it is mediated by cell wall modifications that trap the antibiotic before it reaches its action site. In strains with total resistance, Enterococcus spp. genes have been acquired that lead to modification of the glycopeptide target.     

Design and synthesis of quinolinones as methionyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors

Five new structural analogues of substituted-1H-quinolinones (19, 20, 23, 24, and 26) have been synthesized and evaluated for Staphylococcus aureus methionyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme inhibitory activity. These compounds were also tested against pathogens of six S. aureus, two Enterococcus faecalis, and one Enterococcus faecium. Among all the synthesized quinolinones, compound 20 displayed significant inhibitory activities in the strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium.     

Novel 4-N-substituted aryl pent-2-ene-1,4-dione derivatives of piperazinyloxazolidinones as antibacterials

A few substituted piperazinylphenyloxazolidinone compounds 6-13 having substitution on the distant nitrogen atom of piperazine ring scaffold have been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity in Gram-positive bacteria. A few compounds showed superior in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes than linezolid and eperezolid.     

A new class of anti-MRSA and anti-VRE agents: preparation and antibacterial activities of indole-containing compounds

A new class of indole-containing compounds were prepared by the use of three component reaction and their in vitro antibacterial activities (MIC) were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium including MRSA and VRE.