连续全遮盖法治疗双眼屈光参差性弱视的有效性与安全性分析

目的:探讨连续q全遮盖法治疗双眼屈光参差性弱视的有效性与安全性。方法:选择2014年2月到2016年9月在我院诊治的126例双眼屈光参差性弱视患儿作为研究对象,根据治疗方法的不同分为阿托品组60例与遮盖组66例,遮盖组采用连续全遮盖法治疗,阿托品组给予阿托品治疗,两组都治疗观察3个月。比较两组治疗期间不良反应的发生情况、治疗后的总有效率、最佳矫正视力、电位潜伏期、波幅。结果:两组治疗期间都无严重不良反应发生。治疗后,遮盖组与阿托品组的总有效率分别为98.5%和88.3%,遮盖组的总有效率明显高于阿托品组(P0.05)。两组治疗后的最佳矫正视力都高于治疗前,且遮盖组治疗后的最佳矫正视力也明显高于阿托品组(P0.05)。两组治疗后的电位潜伏期都较治疗前明显缩短,而波幅明显增强(P0.05),且遮盖组治疗后的潜伏期明显短于阿托品组,而波幅显著强于阿托品组(P0.05)。结论:连续全遮盖法治疗双眼屈光参差性弱视具有很好的安全性,能提高患儿的治疗效果,改善视力,促进神经元的兴奋性。     

fMRI颞叶癫痫默认模式网络的研究

许多功能磁共振研究已经发现人脑的一些皮层区域在静息状态下出现共激活,这些区域形成连通的功能网络,称为"默认模式网络"。本文研究颞叶癫痫患者的默认模式网络,运用独立成分分析(Independent component analysis)分离出12例颞叶癫痫患者和12例正常对照的默认模式网络,进行组内分析得到两组被试的统计图,进行组间分析比较两组被试的默认模式网络的差异。结果表明默认模式网络均存在于颞叶癫痫患者和正常对照中,然而,在默认模式包含的网络中,颞叶癫痫患者前扣带回腹侧(ventral anterior cingulated cortex,vACC)、前额中分(medial prefrontal cortex,MPFC)、楔前叶(precuneus)、以及海马旁回区域比正常对照表现出代谢增强。这一结果有助于从脑功能的角度了解癫痫患者某些临床症状的发病机理,为今后癫痫诊治的发展提供一定的帮助。     

静息态fMRI在神经、精神类疾病中的研究进展

静息态功能磁共振(resting-state functional MRI,rs-fMRI)是近年出现的一种新的fMRI技术,它通过研究大脑静息状态的自发活动来反映复杂的人脑活动状态,可为我们探索大脑活动的内部机制提供新的途径。由于它无需复杂的任务实验,近年来被广泛用于神经、精神类疾病的基础与临床研究。本文就近年来国内外对静息态脑功能磁共振在神经、精神类疾病中的研究做一综述。     

屈光不正对儿童视觉皮层神经元活动影响的功能磁共振研究

目的：利用血氧水平依赖性功能性磁共振成像（BOLD-fMRI）技术及非金属MRI专用眼镜,分析探索屈光不正对儿童大脑皮层视觉功能区神经元活动的影响。方法：以1．5T磁共振成像系统采集8例屈光不正眼儿童屈光矫正前后枕叶视皮层兴趣区BOLD—fMRI数据,及8例正常眼凸透镜离焦前后枕叶视皮层兴趣区BOLD—fMRI数据,进行对比分析,比较屈光不正眼及其矫正后、正常眼及其离焦后皮层视觉功能区神经元活动的不同,分析其改变特点及原因。结果：屈光不正眼儿童矫正屈光后皮层视觉功能区神经元活动范围明显增加（P〈0．05）;正常眼离焦后皮层视觉功能区神经元活动范围明显减小（P〈0．05）。结论：屈光不正会明显降低儿童皮层视觉功能区的神经元活动。屈光不正患儿应尽早配镜矫正,以免影响视觉皮层功能发育。     

左旋多巴联合综合疗法治疗屈光不正性弱视患儿的临床效果

目的:探究左旋多巴联合综合疗法治疗屈光不正性弱视患儿的临床效果。方法:选取2013年4月至2016年3月在我院接受治疗的屈光不正性弱视青少年103例(180眼),随机分为对照组52例(90眼)和观察组51例(90眼)。对照组患儿给予常规的综合治疗,观察组在对照组之上给予左旋多巴治疗。治疗6个月后,观察比较两组患儿的治疗有效率、图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP)、视觉对比敏感度和视功能等以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组的视力治疗有效率为90.00%,显著高于对照组(68.89%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,两组的振幅出现明显的升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组的潜伏期发生明显降低,且观察组的显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿的100%、25%、10%及5%空间频率视觉对比敏感度均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿的矫正辐辏范围、矫正分开范围显著高于对照组,矫正近立体锐度显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,两组不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:左旋多巴联合综合疗法可有效改善屈光不正患儿的视觉中枢神经元功能,明显提高视力水平及视觉敏感度。     

慢性疼痛患者静息态脑功能磁共振的默认网络研究

运用静息态功能磁共振成像技术(resting-state fMRI)研究慢性疼痛患者脑默认网络结构.通过选择双侧膝骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)患者20例和正常志愿者20名,以后扣带回(posterior cingulated cortex,PCC)为种子点,分别进行fMRI扫描,分析配对两组受试者的脑功能连接情况.结果显示相对正常受试者,KOA患者存在异常脑功能连接,主要表现为PCC呈负激活,边缘叶、脑岛呈正激活.     

基于内在功能连接推定抑郁症脑网络效率的改变

本文研究了在保留最大化内在功能连接条件下抑郁症患者脑网络效率的改变,并探索了改变的拓扑效率和抑郁症病理学之间的关系.为此,我们收集了20例抑郁症患者和20例在年龄、性别和教育水平相匹配的健康被试的静息态功能磁共振图像数据.图论分析显示,与健康对照组比较,抑郁症患者的节点效率减少在左海马旁回、右杏仁核,左颞横回和左颞极(颞中回)减少.减少的节点效率表明,在抑郁症患者脑网络中这些区域传送信息到其他区域的能力减弱.此外,发现局部效率降低在左内侧额上回、左眶部额上回、右回直肌、左杏仁核、右顶上回、左丘脑和左颞极(颞中回).并且发现左内侧额上回、左杏仁核、左丘脑与PHQ-9得分呈负相关.降低的局部效率表明抑郁症患者脑网络中这些区域的局部网络信息传送能力受到抑制.这些结果进一步确认在抑郁症患者中涉及情感信息处理的前额-丘脑-边缘区域被破坏.我们的发现为抑郁症病人的辅助诊断提供了新的潜在生物学标记物.     

基于功能磁共振（fMRI）低频振幅算法的逻辑计算任务的脑活动研究

利用功能磁共振成像（functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,fMRI）进行脑功能研究是目前的一个热点。现以逻辑计算为认知任务,利用fMRI进行数据采集。采用低频振荡振幅（amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF）算法分别对14例正常人的计算和无任务静息状态的功能磁共振数据进行处理,并做对比分析。观察振幅增强或减弱情况,发现计算任务下相关激活脑区存在低频振荡,逻辑认知的负载也导致了默认（default mode）网络改变;同时针对相关的改变做出了初步探索。     

单眼远视性弱视儿童P-VEP检查的临床研究

目的:分析单眼远视性弱视儿童图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP)检查情况,探讨外周发病机制,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:选取2013年1月到2015年10月我院收治的单眼远视性弱视儿童75例(75只眼),另选取同期正常儿童32例(64只眼)为对照组,根据病情将弱视儿童分为轻度(A组)和对侧健眼组(B组),中度(C组)和对侧健眼组(D组),重度(E组)和对侧健眼组(F组),应用P-VEP检查各组P100波及振幅。结果:A组、C组、E组P100波潜伏期较B组、D组、F组和对照组延长(P0.05),振幅较B组、D组、F组和对照组降低(P0.05),A组、C组和、E组P100波潜伏期和振幅比较具有统计学意义(P0.05),B组、D组、F组P100波潜伏期与对照组无统计学意义(P0.05),B组、D组、F组振幅显著低于对照组(P0.05),B组、D组、F组P100波潜伏期和振幅比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:单眼远视性弱视儿童弱视眼会出现P100波潜伏期延长,振幅降低,对侧健康眼会出现振幅降低。     

精神分裂症的脑网络特征与症状的联系

精神分裂症的起因尚未明确,与之相关的脑机制异常也未得到统一的结论.近年来精神分裂症患者的症状与大脑功能连接脑网络之间的关系逐渐受到研究者的重视,因此也引起该领域学者对其中问题的广泛讨论.本文对精神分裂症相关的静息态和任务态功能连接和脑网络研究进行综述,详细梳理精神分裂症患者症状与大规模脑网络特征之间的关系,以期为精神分...     

Modifications of Visual Evoked Potentials in Patients with Glaucoma

We compared the visual evoked EEG potentials (VEP) elicited by presentation of a reversal chess pattern in patients with glaucoma and in the control group. Amplitudes, peak latencies of the main VEP components (N75, P100, and N145), interpeak intervals, and interpeak magnitudes were measured, and a spectral analysis of the averaged VEP was performed. In patients suffering from glaucoma, the latencies of the N75 and P100 components were greater, while the interpeak intervals P100-N145 and N75-N145 were shorter, than those in the control group. Glaucoma-related changes in the VEP spectral characteristics, in particular a drop in the spectral power of oscillations corresponding to the alpha rhythm, were observed.     

The interplay among psychopathology,personal resources,context‐related factors and real‐life functioning in schizophrenia: stability in relationships after 4 years and differences in network structure between recovered and non‐recovered patients

Improving real‐life functioning is the main goal of the most advanced integrated treatment programs in people with schizophrenia. The Italian Network for Research on Psychoses previously explored, by using network analysis, the interplay among illness‐related variables, personal resources, context‐related factors and real‐life functioning in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. The same research network has now completed a 4‐year follow‐up of the original sample. In the present study, we used network analysis to test whether the pattern of relationships among all variables investigated at baseline was similar at follow‐up. In addition, we compared the network structure of patients who were classified as recovered at follow‐up versus those who did not recover. Six hundred eighteen subjects recruited at baseline could be assessed in the follow‐up study. The network structure did not change significantly from baseline to follow‐up, and the overall strength of the connections among variables increased slightly, but not significantly. Functional capacity and everyday life skills had a high betweenness and closeness in the network at follow‐up, as they had at baseline, while psychopathological variables remained more peripheral. The network structure and connectivity of non‐recovered patients were similar to those observed in the whole sample, but very different from those in recovered subjects, in which we found few connections only. These data strongly suggest that tightly coupled symptoms/dysfunctions tend to maintain each other's activation, contributing to poor outcome in schizophrenia. Early and integrated treatment plans, targeting variables with high centrality, might prevent the emergence of self‐reinforcing networks of symptoms and dysfunctions in people with schizophrenia.     

No Relationship between HTLV-1 Infection and Filariasis—Serological Study on Patients with Filariasis in Recife,Brazil

The seroprevalence of antibodies against human T-cell leukemia virus was determined by ELISA in 68 patients with filarial infestation living in an endemic area. The total seropositivity was 2.9% and the HTLV-1-positive cases were detected in 2 microfilaremic patients 12 and 40 years old. This value is very close to that obtained for healthy individuals in the same region and age groups. This result suggests that there is no relationship between filariasis and HTLV-1 infection as previously proposed.