Interrelations between chemical composition of water and characteristics of zooplankton in the Novosibirsk reservoir

On the basis of an analysis of the long-term data of hydrochemical and hydrobiological monitoring of the Novosibirsk reservoir, the mutual influence of the chemical composition of water and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of a zooplankton has been revealed. The influence of the hydrochemical factors on the zooplankton is related to the peculiarities of the hydrological regime of the water basin. High correlations between the quantity of zooplankton and pH values, the concentration of nitrites and nitrates, and the values of 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) are revealed. Three basic parts of the water basin, different in the level of influence of hydrological factors and intrareservoir processes on the hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the ecosystem of the reservoir, are revealed. It is shown that, as a whole, the intrareservoir processes that occurred in the reservoir improve the quality of water in many hydrochemical indicators.     

Zoobenthos of the drainage zone of Novosibirsk Reservoir

Zoobenthos of the basic biotopes in the drainage zone of Novosibirsk Reservoir has been studied for the first time. Its composition and quantitative characteristics on the dried areas are determined depending on the ground composition, duration of drainage, distance from the zone of permanent submergence, and location under the minimal level of the water body. It is shown that zoobenthos primarily dies during the filling of the reservoir.     

The current state and long-term changes of zoobenthos in the Novosibirsk reservoir

The composition, structure, and spatial distribution of zoobenthos in the Novosibirsk reservoir have been analyzed. A decrease in species richness an increase in invertebrates abundance from upper to low sites of the reservoir, caused by changes in bottom sediment types, have been observed. A comparative analysis of the benthos community structure for a 50-year period (1959–2008) clearly demonstrates that, with an increase in the biomass of invasive species in the reservoir, the biomass of large bivalve mollusks decreases.     

Influence of long-standing changes of hydrological and hydrochemical regime of Novosibirsk reservoir on ecological conditions of water use

The paper investigates the potential use of Novosibirsk reservoir for organizing water supply, including drinking water, of the large city and adjacent territory. The characteristics are given of the long-standing formation of hydrological and hydrochemical regime of the reservoir and its influence on the ecological conditions of water use.     

Interaction between water ecosystems and the catchment surface by the example of the Ob’-Irtysh catchment area

The interaction of water basins and watercourses with the catchment surface in the Ob’-Irtysh catchment area is considered. The results of long-term observation of water, suspended matter, and bottom sediments in different segments of the watercourse are summarized and compared. The interaction of major and minor tributaries, natural and artificial water reservoirs with the catchment area is discussed in the context of industrial discharge of heavy metals. The areal distribution of metals along the Ob’ River is heterogeneous. The chemical composition of water in the upper reaches of Ob’ is determined by mercury and complex ore shows; in the middle and lower reaches, by catchments of major tributaries: Tom, Chulym, and, particularly, Irtysh. The Novosibirsk Reservoir purifies the water from coarse suspensions. Wetlands of the catchment enrich the main watercourse in metals and organic matter. Anthropogenic pollution from large cities (Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Surgut, and Nizhnevartovsk) additionally contaminate the watercourse. With abundance of organic matter, heavy metals are accumulated in bottom sediments and, as a consequence, in tissues of predatory fish. The results of long-term studies indicate that oil products and phenols are the main hazard for the middle and lower Ob’ River, especially at elevated water temperatures.     

Limnology of a Warm Hypertrophic Wastewater Reservoir in Israel I. The Physical Environment

This paper deals with stratification in a small reservoir (50 000 m³ volume, 5.5 m depth) receiving wastewater with a BOD of 80 mg/1 during the winter in order to irrigate agricultural areas during the dry summer. The reservoir goes through three partially overlapping annual cycles: solar radiation, water temperature and reservoir operation. It presents both permanent (deep) and ephemeral (shallow) stratification during the summer in spite of the strong breeze, due to both thermal and biogenic chemical gradients. There are stratified and non-stratified wastewater reservoirs in Israel. Stratification in hypertrophic impoundments seems to depend also on parameters derived from the chemical composition of hypertrophic waters. (e. g., turbidity, biogenic gradients, wind/water friction coefficient, viscosity).     

Correlations between species richness and exposure: Freshwater molluscs and macrophytes

The present paper describes changes in the chemical composition of water and the animal communities below three dam reservoirs lying in ecologically different river sectors and differing in the degree of water pollution. The reservoirs transform the chemical composition of the water in various ways, depending on the quality of the inflowing water and the type of reservoir. Changes in the zoocenoses are caused by various factors. In clean or only slightly polluted rivers changes in physico-chemical properties of the water are responsible for the changes in the zoocenoses. In reservoirs from which only a small amount of water flows out reduction inflow is most important, while in polluted rivers it is pollution which determines the composition of the zoocenosis.     

Fish in the tributaries of the Novosibirsk reservoir

Data on the species composition of the fish population inhabiting the tributaries of the Novosibirsk reservoir are given in the article. The structure of fish communities and possible environmental factors determining it have been revealed. The relation between the heterogeneity of fish communities and the river depth and length, relief, current velocity, floodplain, and estuarial areas, presence of sand-pebble shallow waters and channel order, has been studied.     

Metal content in muscular tissue of commercially important fish from Novosibirsk reservoir and near dam on Ob’ River

The 2009 study on the content and accumulation of some metals, including heavy ones, in the muscular tissue of fish (perch, sander, bream, roach, and ide) from the Novosibirsk reservoir and around the HPP dam on the Ob’ river are presented. Interspecies and interpopulation (biotopical) differences found in the metal concentration are most likely caused by peculiarities in the feeding habits of fish. This coincides with data on the accumulation of metal in fish from other Siberian water bodies and bony fish as a whole. The metal content in the muscular tissue of fish does not exceed that accepted for fresh fish products in Russia.     

Amphibiotic insects in flood-land water bodies in the suburban zone of Novosibirsk

The data are given on the composition of amphibiotic insects collected in different years in the water bodies in the suburban zone of Novosibirsk. Aspecial attention is paid to the larvae of mosquitoes and midges of the families Culicidae and Chaoboridae. It is suggested that the larvae of Chaoborides are the potential biological regulators of the populations of mosquitoes.     

Chironomid (Diptera) larvae of the Butoniga reservoir,Istria, Croatia,and its feeder rivers

After the formation of a drinking water reservoir at Butoniga, Istria, research on the fauna of the Chironomidae larvae was undertaken in the feeder waters and the reservoir itself. Forty eight species were identified, belonging to the subfamilies Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, Diamesinae and Tanypodinae. Chironomidae colonized the reservoir waters relatively more quickly than other groups of macroscopic invertebrates. The similarity quotient (QS) of Chironomidae of the feeder waters and the reservoir is only 37.8%, which points to the formation of new communities in the reservoir. There were qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of Chironomidae fauna in the river Mirna and in the river Butoniga downstream from the dam after water was released from the reservoir for the purpose of testing the dam. The Chironomid composition of the feeder waters places them in quality grade II. In the Butoniga reservoir the bottom water was assigned to grade II–III, because of the decomposition of the remains of surface fauna.     

典型亚热带热分层水库秋季细菌群落垂直分布

水库在我国东南沿海地区是重要的饮用水水源地,对地区经济发展和社会稳定起到重要作用。选择亚热带地区典型的热分层水库——福建莆田东圳水库,于2011年秋季稳定分层期,以水体温度的垂直变化特征为依据进行分层采样。应用PCRDGGE和克隆测序的方法研究浮游细菌群落的垂直分布特征,利用多元统计分析揭示细菌群落与热分层水体理化指标之间的关系。结果显示:溶解氧、电导率、叶绿素a、总氮、氨氮及硝氮在上下层水体中的分布有显著差异,下层缺氧区细菌的ShannonWiener指数和DGGE条带数明显高于上层好氧区,表明东圳水库热分层水体中存在明显的物理、化学及生物分层现象。测序结果表明β-变形菌可能是东圳水库中占优势的细菌类群,统计结果提示溶解氧是显著影响细菌群落组成的环境因子。热分层水体的物理化学分层与水体细菌群落结构密切相关,提示水库生态学研究应对水体热分层给予重视。     

Abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in the Paraná River (Argentina) 220 km downstream of the Yacyretá reservoir.

Patterns in the temporal composition, abundance and diversity of the phytoplankton community of the Paraná river prior to and after the initial filling phase of the Yacyretá reservoir are analyzed. The study site is located 220 km downstream from the Yacyretá reservoir and 30 km downstream from the confluence with the Paraguay river. Because both rivers remain separate and unmixed at the study site, we compared the possible effects of the impoundment on both river banks (left and right banks) in hydrological periods with similar duration and magnitude of the low and high water phases. Physical and chemical conditions measured on the right bank (water from the Paraguay river) were similar at both periods (pre and post-impoundment) whereas conductivity, pH and orthophosphate concentration increased on the left bank (water from the High Paraná river and Yacyretá reservoir) after the impoundment. Changes in phytoplankton density and diversity were observed only in samples collected from water flowing from the reservoir (left bank). The density of Chlorophyceae (Chloromonas acidophila, Chlamydomonas leptobasis, Choricystis minor, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus ecornis, Monoraphidium minutum, M. contortum and M. pusillum) and Cryptophyceae (Rhodomonas minuta, Cryptomonas marssonii and C. ovata) increased while Cyanophyceae (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Raphidiopsis mediterranea and Planktolyngbya subtilis) and Bacillariophyceae (Aulacoseira granulata and its bioforms) decreased compared to previous studies conducted on the left bank of the Paraná river. Phytoplankton collected from the right bank of the river did not differ in pre and post- impoundment samples because they originate from the Paraguay river, which remains relatively unaffected by human activities.     

Hydrochemical balance of Itkul–Shira lake system (Khakassia,Russian Federation)

The water and hydrochemical balance of Shira and Itkul lakes, located in the arid (steppe) zone in the Republic of Khakassia (Russian Federation), has been calculated. It is shown that Lake Itkul can be considered a drained lake, which significantly determines the basic differences of the hydrochemical balance in the two water bodies. The outflow of water from Itkul to Shira is, on average, 6791000 m3/year, and the average outflow of dissolved salts is 35697 t/year. Lake Shira can be considered a drainless water body with an evaporation mechanism of formation of the chemical composition of its waters, and Lake Itkul is considered a flowing water reservoir. The salt concentration in Itkul is not as high as that in Shira due to the lower influence of evaporation on the formation of the chemical composition of waters and time of their interaction. It has been assumed that this phenomenon is regular, rather than exceptional, for the arid zone of Northern and Central Asia.     

Seed banks of a river–reservoir wetland system and their implications for vegetation development

The Danjiangkou Reservoir, constructed in 1970s, is the water source area of the middle route of China's interbasin South-to-North Water Transfer Project. To serve such purpose, the Danjiangkou Reservoir Dam will be increased from its present 162.0 m to 176.6 m, and its regular water level from 157 m to 170 m above mean sea level. Vegetation development in the new reservoir margins is therefore one of great environmental concerns. To explore the potential origin of species in the present reservoir margin vegetation, we investigated and quantified the composition in the soil seed banks and established vegetations of the reservoir margins and its upstream- and downstream-wetlands. In both existent vegetation and seed banks, most species and seedlings were found in upstream wetlands, followed by reservoir margins and downstream wetlands. Seedling density of downstream wetlands was reduced by 75–80% compared to upstream wetlands and reservoir margins. This suggests that presence of the dam reduced the diversity and abundance of downstream propagules. Sørensen's coefficient and the comparisons of rare species indicated that the seed bank composition of reservoir margins was evidently associated with upstream wetlands. It implies that hydrochorous transport of seeds from the upstream catchment is critical for plant colonization of the reservoir margins.     

Limnological Observations on Rihand Reservoir (Uttar Pradesh) with Reference to the Physical and Chemical Parameters of its Water

Observations in respect of Rihand Reservoir based on monsoon inflow, reservoir level, evaporation loss, air and water temperature, rainfall and wind velocity have been discussed in relation to the physical and chemical parameters of the water body. A weak thermocline has been observed, and the water showed a biogenic chemical stratification during the warmer months. Rihand is a monomictic tropical lake with a moderate nutrient supply, but is not very productive from the limnological point of view. The nutrient content of this lake declined from 1972 to 1974, but improved in 1975 and 1976 with the increase in rain and inflow of water. The productivity of the reservoir depends greatly on the nutrient level of the inflowing water from the catchment area, so that the monsoon inflow largely influences the water quality of the reservoir.     

大风口水库及石河生态条件与鱼类群落的研究

1987—1989年间对大风口水库及上下游石河的不同河段进行了春夏秋不同季节的生态环境和鱼类群落的调查研究。一、生态条件1.自然概貌和采样段面的选择石河是辽宁西部的一条直接入海的小河,全长67.7km,流域面积431km~2。地理座标为北纬40°10′—40°19′,东经119°50′—120°     

Distribution of the phytoplankton from the Guri Reservoir (Venezuela)

The distribution of phytoplankton species of a tropical blackwater reservoir is discussed on the basis of spatial differences in water composition and of species abundance and diversity. Spatial heterogeneity in water composition identified three different environments within the reservoir itself: (1) strongly colored waters, high turbidity and iron concentrations at the inflow; (2) calcium enriched, nearly uncolored waters at El Pao Bay; (3) lightly colored water, higher transparency and a higher ratio monovalent to divalent cations in the main body of the reservoir. Three corresponding phytoplankton associations were found. Principal Component Analysis helped to explore the relationship of particular species with the abiotic factors. Among them, water color, turbidity, and mineralization proved to be determinant in habitat diversification.     

The role of environmental factors for the composition of microbial communities of saline lakes in the Novosibirsk region (Russia)

Background

Nothing is currently known about microbial composition of saline lakes of the Novosibirsk region and its dependence on physical-chemical parameters of waters. We studied the structure of microbial communities of saline lakes of the Novosibirsk region and the effect of physical-chemical parameters of waters on microbial communities of these lakes.

Results

According to the ion content, the lakes were classified either as chloride or chloride-sulfate types. Water salinity ranges from 4.3 to 290 g L⁻¹. Many diverse microbial communities were found. Filamentous and colonial Cyanobacteria of the genera Scytonema, Aphanocapsa, and/or filamentous Algae dominated in littoral communities. Spatial and temporal organization of planktonic microbial communities and the quantities of Archaea and Bacteria were investigated using fluorescent in situ hybridization. We have found that the dominant planktonic component is represented by Archaea, or, less frequently, by Bacteria. Various phylogenetic groups (Bacteria, Archaea, Algae, and Cyanobacteria) are nonuniformly distributed. The principal component analysis was used to detect environmental factors that affect microorganism abundance. We found the principal components responsible for 71.1 % of the observed variation. It was demonstrated that two-block partial least squares was a better method than principal component analysis for analysis of the data. We observed general relationships between microbial abundance and water salinity.

Conclusions

We have performed the first-ever study of the structure of the microbial communities of eleven saline lakes in the Novosibirsk region along with their physical-chemical parameters of waters. Our study demonstrates that saline lakes in the Novosibirsk region contain a unique microbial communities that may become a prolific source of microorganisms for fundamental and applied studies in various fields of ecology, microbiology, geochemistry, and biotechnology, and deserve further metagenomic investigation.

     

Comparative limnology of a deep-discharge reservoir and a surface-discharge lake on the Madison River, Montana

SUMMARY. Phytoplankton standing crop, primary production, light penetration, temperature, and various chemical concentrations were measured in a man-made, deep-discharge, reservoir and in a natural, surface-discharge, lake in order to relate limnological conditions in the two bodies of water to their depth of outflow. The quantity and depth distribution of heat stored during the summer varied markedly. The reservoir functioned as a heat trap, whereas heat was readily dissipated from the lake. Salinity increased more in the lower layer of the lake. Throughout the summer, nutrient-rich water was discharged from the reservoir whereas nutrient-poor water was discharged from the lake. Phytoplankton standing crops were greater in the lake and were dominated by flagellates and diatoms. In the reservoir, blue-green algae were predominant. Rates of primary production and respiration were higher in the lake, but estimated algal turnover times were faster in the reservoir. It was concluded that depth of outflow has a direct and predictable effect on certain physical and chemical conditions within these two bodies of water; but effects of discharge depth on phytoplankton were secondary and thus difficult to ascertain.