脐血造血细胞的体外扩增：2.造血细胞生长因子和培养液更换的作用

研究了造血干细胞生长因子、白介素-3、白介素-6、粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子及红细胞生成素对脐血造血细胞体外培养的影响及其剂量关系,考察了造血细胞因子单独与联合作用对造血细胞体外培养的影响,证实细胞因子组合使用比细胞因子单独使用效果更好,发现SCF+IL-3+IL-6+GM-CSF+G-CSF+EPO组合对总细胞扩增最佳,SCF+IL-3+IL6+GM-CSF组合对CFU-GM扩增最佳。实验发现培养液更换可大大提高脐血造血细胞总数和祖细胞数产出。在每天更换50%培养液下,脐血总细胞数在第三周扩增了27倍,祖细胞数扩增了21倍。     

FL对脐血造血细胞长期液体培养的影响*

用脐血进行千细胞移植有许多优点,但有一个主要的缺点是可获得的细胞数量有限。因此脐血干细胞的体外扩增对于其临床应用具有重要意义。考察了Flt-3配体(FL)和干细胞因子(SCF)、白介索3(IL一3)、IL-6、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-csF)、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM—CSF)的组合对脐血细胞扩增和分化的影响。培养42d,总细胞最多扩增了385,30±163 51倍(FL+SCF+G．CSF+GM—CSF),粒细胞巨噬细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)在第28天达到最高,最高扩增了409．52±189．50倍(FL十SCF+IL-3+IL一6)。FL与SCF等细胞因子具有协同作用,对所有考察的细胞因子组合中,加入FL都使总细胞和CFUGM的扩增倍数增加。FL+SCF培养的总细胞扩增最小,而CFU-GM长时间保持在较高水平,表明这FL和SCF有利于保持造血干细胞的活性,防止细胞分化。在存在G-CSF和GMCSF的培养中,总细胞获得了最大的扩增,但CFU-GM达到最大后很快下降至O,表明G-CSF和GM—CSF促进了细胞的分化。结果提示,细胞因子组合对脐血造血细胞的扩增和分化具有重要的作用．FL和SCF可促进造血细胞的扩增,而G-CSF和GM—CSF等可导致细胞的过度分化。     

脐血造血细胞的体外扩增：1.生长规律的研究

考察了在添加细胞因子和未添加细胞因子培养条件下的造血细胞群体的生长和代谢,研究了长期培养条件下造血祖细胞生长规律。在静态培养条件下,脐血造血细胞群体的比生长速率为0.34d^-1,倍增时间为2d。培养后期,造血细胞消耗了大部分葡萄糖,乳酸浓度可达40 mmol/L。在造血细胞长期培养条件下,CFU-GM产出最高峰在培养第2周与第3周之间。BFU-E产出最高峰在培养第1周。每天换50%培养液,造血细胞总数扩增了14倍,CFU-GM扩增了13倍,BFU-E扩增了5倍。     

冻存时间对脐血造血细胞体外增殖潜能的影响

目的研究冻存时间对脐血造血细胞增殖潜能的影响.方法在所分离的脐血有核细胞中加入联合低温保护剂Dextran-40+10%DMSO,经梯度降温后置液氮深低温保存.采用无血清造血细胞扩增液对冻存不同时间的脐血造血细胞进行体外扩增,动态监测扩增潜能.结果将冻存1个月、4个月脐血造血细胞体外扩增5周,其总有核细胞分别被扩增了(1499.0±115.6)倍和(1513.0±110.4)倍,FCs均于体外扩增的第3周达到高峰,分别扩增了(53.8±6.3)倍和(54.8±6.7)倍,D34+造血细胞于体外扩增的第2周均达到高峰,分别扩增了(63.8±6.1)倍和(62.4±5.7)倍;统计分析冻存1个月与4个月后造血细胞扩增结果,不存在显著性差异,>0.05.结论在适宜深低温条件下冻存脐血造血细胞,在一定时间内,冻存时间的长短不会导致其增殖潜能下降.     

用悬浮搅拌培养体系体外大量扩增人脐血造血干/祖细胞

目的 :建立一种简便、有效的脐血造血干 /祖细胞体外大量扩增培养体系。方法 :淋巴细胞分离液分离的脐血单个核细胞在SCF ,IL - 3,IL - 6三种细胞因子的作用下 ,于悬浮搅拌培养体系中培养 ,分析其总细胞数、CFU -GM、CD34+ 细胞的扩增倍数。结果 :脐血单个核细胞在悬浮搅拌培养体系中培养 12天后 ,其总细胞数、CFU -GM、CD34+ 细胞的扩增倍数分别为 6 .31± 1.5 2 ,2 0 .6 3± 1.5 4和 7.11± 1.12。结论 :悬浮搅拌培养体系是脐血造血干 /祖细胞体外大量扩增的有效培养体系。     

混合及是血清在骨髓长期培养中的效应

目的揭示脐血清在骨髓长期培养中的效应,为脐血清的应用提供基础。方法以Dexter培养法,观察混合脐血清(MCBS)、组合细胞因子(CK)在长期骨髓培养中对骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)形成鹅卵石造血区(CAFC)、长期培养起始细胞(LTC-IC)、有核细胞(NCC)的生长。结果10例人骨髓,106BMMNC培养5周后,CAFC、LTC-IC分别为37.1±12．4／(ml.well),40．9±10．6/(ml.well),NCC由接种时的106/(ml.well)增至（1．63±0．17）106/(ml.well),加入10％MCBS则可使三者得到明显扩增,但不及组合CK;10％MCBS还能明显提高组合CK对三者的扩增;20％MCBS不能取代骨髓长期培养中的血清和组合CK对三者的扩增。结论MCBS中含有类似GM-CSF、SCF、IL-3、IL-6、EPO等一类能使CAFC、LTC-IC、NCC得到明显扩增的“活性物质”。     

空肠弯曲菌的保存方法研究

空肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter jejuni)目前已被确认是重要的肠道致病菌之一。由于本菌生活力弱,易于死亡,不好保存,在一般常用的培养基上存活时间极短约3—5天,给实际工作造成不少困难,如何保存菌种是一个急待解决的问题。为了提供一种较好的保存空肠弯曲菌的方法,作者选用了五种培养基,比较观察了18株空肠弯曲菌保存在不同条件下的存话期及变异情况,其结果表明：用1、2号培养基的培养物保存若放置4一10℃冰箱,前者经130天,后者经80天其存活率均为100％;在保存210天时,两种培养基的     

不同降温速率对脐血干细胞冷冻复苏后生物学特性的影响

考察了不同降温速率对脐血造血干细胞各种生物学特性的影响。在4℃～-40℃的降温范围内,分别选择-0.5℃/min, -1℃/min, -5℃/min的降温速率进行降温,对复苏后的脐血单个核细胞的回收率、活性和CD34+含量的变化以及BFU-E、CFUGM和CFU-MK集落的回收率进行了考察,发现在-1℃/min的降温速率下,脐血MNC回收率可达93.3%±1.8%,活性可达95.0%±3.9%, CD34^＋细胞回收率达80.0%±17.9%,BFUE回收率为87.1%±5.5%,CFUGM回收率达88.5%±8.9%,CFUMK的回收率也达到86.2%±7.4%。并且对复苏后的细胞进一步进行体外培养,发现在-1℃/min的降温速率下复苏的细胞仍然具有与未经冷冻细胞相似的扩增能力,而-0.5℃/min和-5℃/min这两种降温速率条件下复苏的细胞与未经冷冻的细胞相比差距较大。因而-1℃/min的降温速率对冻存脐血干细胞比较合适。     

WP4C露点水势仪测定植物叶片水势时的影响因素——以降香黄檀为例

植物叶片的大小、形状、破碎化程度、测定时间及保存时间是影响植物水势测定的主要因素,但相关研究开展较少。本研究以成熟度相同,羽状复叶较多的降香黄檀（Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen）为实验材料,利用WP4C露点水势仪监测叶片水势的日变化动态。结果显示,叶片水势测定最合理的时间段为9：00-13：00;测定叶片在4℃冰箱中保存不同时间后的水势变化值,确定4℃条件下保存1 h内为测定叶片水势的最佳保存时间;比较了不同形状、大小以及不同破碎化程度的叶片对水势测定的影响,结果显示叶片的大小、形状和破碎化程度对水势均有一定影响。因此,实际操作中应使用完整的单个叶片覆盖样品室以准确测定叶片水势。在优化测定条件后,利用该方法测定的水势值具有准确率高、重复性强、稳定性好等特点。     

药用植物红根草种质资源的离体保存

以红根草试管苗为材料,研究了不同培养基(MS、1/2MS、1/4MS)、蔗糖浓度和植物生长抑制剂(CCC、PP333、ABA、MH)在红根草试管苗保存中的作用。结果表明:培养基1/2MS对红根草保存最好,保存270d后存活率最高。培养基中不添加蔗糖较添加一定浓度蔗糖时植株的形态和色泽差,但保存时间更长,转继代后能正常恢复生长。添加生长抑制剂能减缓生长速度,延长保存时间,最佳浓度分别为:CCC1.2～1.6mg/L;PP3331.6mg/L;ABA0.5～4.0mg/L;MH0.5mg/L。其中,ABA0.5～4.0mg/L对植株的生长最好,CCC浓度为1.2mg/L和1.6mg/L时,保存时间长,360d时,存活率达90%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.