污水再生利用微生物控制标准及建议

对污水再生利用微生物的控制,是确保再生水水质安全、减少环境污染的重要前提。由于中国污水再生利用微生物控制的技术标准不健全,污水处理和再生存在一定的难度。文章分析了相关概念,梳理了中国污水再生利用微生物控制标准制定存在的问题,提出了污水再生利用微生物的控制标准及制定方法以有效保证中国再生水质的安全,减少环境污染。     

坚持科学发展观,推进教育创新,提高人才培养质量——在武汉生物工程学院第二次教学工作会议上的报告

老师们、同学们、同志们:经过认真的准备,武汉生物工程学院(以下简称武生院)第二次教学工作会议正式开幕了。这次会议的主题是:树立科学发展观,进一步转变教育观念,深化教学改革,推进教育创新,全面提高人才培养质量。会议的主要任务是:全面客观地总结第一次教学工作会议以来武生院教学工作取得的成绩,以求真务实的态度分析武生院目前存在的问题     

公选课“微课”建设与有效利用研究——以武汉生物工程学院为例

随着"微时代"的到来,"微课"作为我国教育领域兴起的新模式,引起了很多关注。从"微课"的界定入手,结合武汉生物工程学院(简称武生院)微课应用的实例,提出公选课"微课"的课程建设与有效利用的设想。     

学校召开新增硕士学位授予单位立项建设申报工作会议

正2018年7月17日下午,党委书记赵正洲在学术交流中心西湖厅主持召开武生院新增硕士学位授予单位立项建设申报工作会议,各学院院长及部分教授、博士参加了会议。会上,党委书记赵正洲进一步传达并解析了《省政府学位委员会关于开展新增博士硕士学位授予单位建设申报工作的通知》(鄂学位函[2018]5号)精神以及相关申报指标内涵,具体部署了我校新增硕士学位授予单位立项建设申报工作。     

利用北京城市生活污水饲养鲢鱼的观察

城市人口密集,每天有大量污水排出。如能利用下水道排出的生活污水作为水源和肥料培养鱼池中的饵料生物,以供给养殖鱼类的需要,不但可以节约大量饲料和肥料,而且可使污水得到净化,有利城市卫生。因此,发展城市生活污水的养鱼是城郊养鱼的良好途径。     

新洲区首届科技成果转化对接暨百企千才高校行活动在我校举行

正5月18日上午,2018年新洲区科技周启动仪式、新洲区首届科技成果转化对接暨百企千才高校行活动在我校大礼堂举行。武汉市科技局局长李记泽,副局长赵峰、王勇、杨建安、黄巍以及市科技局、市科技成果转化局相关处室、部门负责人;新洲区委常委、区委办公室主任舒贵传,区人民政府副区长、区科技成果转化局局长陈晓红;武生院校领导余毅、李友清、赵正洲、李毅等出席活动。活动现场,中国工程院院士、中国农业科学院     

利用原生质体技术选育聚β—羟基丁酸高产菌株的研究初报

从城市生活污水中分离筛选到1株浮游球衣细菌（Sphaerotilus natans)。以浮游球细菌G-8菌为出发菌株,采用甘氨酸-溶菌酶-EDTA方法,研究了各种因素对原生质体形成和再生的影响。在原生质体形成和再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体,G-8菌原生质体形成率和再生率分别达96.8%和29.8%。该菌株能在自然pH(pH6-7)和29℃条件下良好生长,细胞可大量积累聚β-羟基丁酸（PHB）,从对数期到稳定期,该菌积累的PHB量可达68g/L。     

生物-化学一体化装置处理生活污水的研究

经济的不断发展,城市化的进程不断加快,人们排放的生活污水也越来越多。如何处理大量的生活污水,成为了人们城市化建设中尤为关心的一个问题。在文中,对生物-化学一体化装置处理生活污水的操作工艺、技术要点、操作流程以及实际的应用效果进行了详细的阐述。通过试验研究结果可以发现,使用生物-化学一体化装置处理污水比使用一般的生化工艺操作在成本上能够降低大约30%,占地面积上大约减少70%,而且有良好的处理操作效果,处理后的污水符合国家相关的排放标准。在文中就是对这项装置在推广使用工作中的可行性进行了简单的分析和探讨。     

生活污水对稀有(鱼句)鲫的毒性效应研究

利用稀有鲫个体小、性成熟时间短、在实验室控制条件下容易饲养等特点 ,将其作为一种毒性实验材料 ,从形态学和组织学水平对生活污水可能产生的毒性效应进行了初步研究。研究结果表明 ,在早期生命阶段 ,高浓度的生活污水对稀有鲫有急性毒性效应。受排污口污水暴露的稀有鲫鱼卵根本无法孵化 ;对处于性腺发育期稀有鲫的暴露则引起肝脏细胞水平上的毒性效应 ,且随污水浓度的增高 ,对鱼体性发育的阻碍效应也越强 ,而整个生命期即使仅暴露于低浓度的生活污水中 ,其个体发育和性发育也均受到影响 ,肝细胞也表现出强烈的毒性效应     

生活污水分散处理技术的进展

为了确保我国水体清洁,生活污水除了集中处理之外,分散式的净化槽系统也是不可缺少的。对生活污水分散处理的特点、难点及发展状况进行了论述,探讨了生活污水分散处理技术在应用中存在的问题及解决方法,指出厌氧和好氧生物膜联合处理的小型一体化生活污水净化槽的发展方向。     

城市污泥资源化利用研究

城市污水污泥产量巨大且成分复杂 ,如何对它进行合理利用已越来越受人们关注。文章系统地综述了我国城市污泥处置与利用的现状和趋势 ,并重点讨论了污泥土地利用的可行性以及我国近年来的研究进展。认为将污泥进行稳定化、无害化、资源化处理并作为有机肥料或土壤改良剂等进行资源化利用是符合我国国情的 ,并将成为我国污泥处置与利用的一种有效途径     

Field assessment of numerical impacts of coastal sewage disposal on fish larvae relative to natural variability

Sewage disposal in aquatic environments can have significant impacts on assemblages of organisms. There have been few field investigations on effects of sewage disposal on fish larvae. Data on abundances of larvae, current velocities and the size and shape of sewage plumes from point-source shoreline outfalls off Sydney (Australia) indicated that alongshore currents could transport large numbers of fish larvae into plumes, potentially affecting their health. Assemblages of fish larvae in surface sewage plumes differed to those in distant shelf (control) waters, but no such impacts were detected for assemblages in subsurface (20 m depth) waters beneath plumes. No predictable negative or positive numerical responses of fish larvae to sewage disposal were detected. Abundances of fish larvae fluctuated greatly in space and throughout time, and responses appeared to vary between taxa, outfalls and sampling periods. However, the large inherent level of natural spatial and temporal variability in abundances of larvae confounded the detection of possible impacts. Future field investigations need to focus on effects of sewage disposal on the health and condition of fish larvae. Designs for future field-based studies are discussed.     

污水处理综合系统环境经济效益评估

污水处理、处理水处理和污泥处理是污水处理综合系统的3个基本单元.本文运用能值分析和新构建的能值指标评估了处理水回用与排放、污泥填埋与堆肥对系统整体性能的影响.该系统的价值包括环境收益和产品输出两方面.前者可通过污水处理前后的环境服务差值计算.由于系统内部物质和能量的转化数据难以获知,产品价值通过新提出的替代价值核算.结果表明： “污水处理+处理水回用+污泥填埋”的竞争力最高,“污水处理+处理水回用+蚯蚓堆肥”的可持续性能最高;处理水回用和蚯蚓堆肥均有助于提高系统可持续性;处理水回用与否应综合考虑处理水水质和当地条件;污泥蚯蚓堆肥的资源化效率还有待提高;改进的能值指标更适宜于污水处理综合系统效益评估.     

茂名油页岩废渣场土地资源再利用试验研究

茂名石化公司３０多年的页岩油生产,堆置形成了８．１ｋｍ＾２的废渣堆场,是茂名一大污染源。植树绿化改善了废渣场的生态环境,减少了对周边环境的污染,实现了废渣场土地资源的再利用。     

Near-Bottom Pelagic Bacteria at a Deep-Water Sewage Sludge Disposal Site

The epibenthic bacterial community at deep-ocean sewage sludge disposal site DWD-106, located approximately 106 miles (ca. 196 km) off the coast of New Jersey, was assessed for changes associated with the introduction of large amounts of sewage sludge. Mixed cultures and bacterial isolates obtained from water overlying sediment core samples collected at the deep-water (2,500 m) municipal sewage disposal site were tested for the ability to grow under in situ conditions of temperature and pressure. The responses of cultures collected at a DWD-106 station heavily impacted by sewage sludge were compared with those of samples collected from a station at the same depth which was not contaminated by sewage sludge. Significant differences were observed in the ability of mixed bacterial cultures and isolates from the two sites to grow under deep-sea pressure and temperature conditions. The levels of sludge contamination were established by enumerating Clostridium perfringens, a sewage indicator bacterium, in sediment samples from the two sites. The results of hybridization experiments in which DNAs extracted directly from the water overlying sediment core samples were used indicate that the reference site epibenthic community, the disposal site epibenthic community, and the community in a surface sludge plume share many members. Decreased culturability of reference site mixed cultures in the presence of sewage sludge was observed. Thus, the culturable portions of both the autochthonous and allochthonous bacterial communities at the disposal site may be inhibited in situ, the former by sewage sludge and the latter by high pressure and low temperature.     

梯棱羊肚菌单孢及杂交群体的栽培出菇试验和极性分析

羊肚菌的极性和单孢出菇至今未有确切的实证,这限制了对羊肚菌生活史的深入理解和遗传育种工作的开展。本研究选用梯棱羊肚菌(Morchella importuna)栽培菌株(F0),采取显微操作从其正常出菇的子囊果获得F1单孢群体;随机选取其中的7个F1单孢菌株和10对单孢杂交(F1两两混合,记为F2)进行栽培试验,记录和分析了栽培出菇时间、采收期、产量和其他生产性状。此外,分析了F0亲本菌株、F1单孢群体、F2子囊果以及2个F1单孢菌株出菇的F2子囊果的F3单孢群体的交配型基因型。结果表明:除了F1单孢菌株MM32未出菇以外,其他供试菌株均正常出菇。各菌株的出菇潜能不同,3个F1单孢菌株的平均单产高于出发菌株,其中MM34菌株平均单产最高,达1.01 kg/m^2,是F0亲本菌株(0.68 kg/m^2)的1.49倍; 10个单孢杂交的F2平均单产在0.21～0.97 kg/m^2之间。F0亲本菌株和所有的F2出菇子囊果中均含有2种交配型基因,F1和F3单孢群体仅含有2种交配型基因中的1种。虽然F1单孢群体大部分菌株均正常出菇,然而F2子囊果和F3单孢群体的交配型基因型分析结果表明,单孢菌株在栽培生产中自然引入了具有相反交配型基因的细胞核,这种自然引入可能是由无性孢子传播引起。出菇试验和交配型基因分析确证梯棱羊肚菌为异宗结合真菌。本研究有利于深入理解羊肚菌生活史,促进羊肚菌育种工作的开展。     

PI Recruitment

Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was founded in 1956. With scientific research elitists, Wuhan Institute of Virology is the only comprehensive institute carrying out fundamental researches on virology in CAS. The institute offers a highly interactive research environment and outstanding research facilities,including BSL3 laboratories. According to the national strategic need, Wuhan Institute of Virology has recently extended its emphasis from general virology to human virology and emerging diseases research.     

Distribution of sewage indicated by Clostridium perfringens at a deep-water disposal site after cessation of sewage disposal.

Clostridium perfringens, a marker of domestic sewage contamination, was enumerated in sediment samples obtained from the vicinity of the 106-Mile Site 1 month and 1 year after cessation of sewage disposal at this site. C. perfringens counts in sediments collected at the disposal site and from stations 26 nautical miles (ca. 48 km) and 50 nautical miles (ca. 92 km) to the southwest of the site were, in general, more than 10-fold higher than counts from an uncontaminated reference site. C. perfringens counts at the disposal site were not significantly different between 1992 and 1993, suggesting that sewage sludge had remained in the benthic environment at this site. At stations where C. perfringens counts were elevated (i.e., stations other than the reference station), counts were generally higher in the top 1 cm and decreased down to 5 cm. In some cases, C. perfringens counts in the bottom 4 or 5 cm showed a trend of higher counts in 1993 than in 1992, suggesting bioturbation. We conclude that widespread sludge contamination of the benthic environment has persisted for at least 1 year after cessation of ocean sewage disposal at the 106-Mile Site.     

Nearshore macrobenthos of northern Kotzebue Sound,Alaska, with reference to local sewage disposal

Macrobenthos of the shallow (<10 m) nearshore marine waters of northern Kotzebue Sound was examined in 2002–2004 to (1) determine nearshore community structure and (2) assess the influence of sewage disposal. A variable number of benthic stations were sampled during three summers, with extensive effort at the disposal zone in 2003. The benthic community structure is similar to other nearshore Arctic locations, and was similar to a previous benthic study done in 1986–1987. The potential of sewage impact was assessed at the request of the community, because sewage is occasionally discharged into the Sound, in volumes of up to 38 million liters, typically through the ice in early spring. Only minimal effects of disposal on the benthos were evident and the effects could not be separated from the impacts of low salinity and relatively high water pigments. Low diversity (H′) and species richness (d) and high biomass characterized stations in the sewage area. Parameters often associated with extreme sewage pollution, particularly hypoxic and/or anoxic conditions and high abundance of opportunistic taxa, were not observed. Local traditional ecological knowledge was solicited throughout the study, and was used to help define the area potentially affected by sewage disposal.