碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对培养的瘢痕成纤维细胞FN合成的调控作用

目的探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）对成纤维细胞纤维连结蛋白（FN）合成的调控作用。方法采用细胞培养、ELISA法、RT-PCR方法观察bFGF在不同剂量下对瘢痕来源的成纤维细胞FN合成的影响。结果FN的表达在低bFGF浓度组与对照组无明显差异,随着浓度的升高表现为增高趋势,以50、100、500ng／ml最显著,与对照组之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。FN mRNA表达在50-100ng／ml组明显升高,与对照组间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。mRNA表达趋势与上清中蛋白的表达具有一致性。结论高浓度bFGF刺激FN合成可能是bFGF促进创面愈合的重要原因。     

羟基喜树碱抑制人眼Tenon囊成纤维细胞增殖的实验研究

目的：研究羟基喜树碱（HCPT）对体外培养的人眼Tenon囊成纤维细胞（Human Tenon＇s capsule fibroblasts,HTFs）增殖、移行的影响。方法：取正常供体新鲜的Tenon囊组织,采用组织块培养法,进行成纤维细胞的体外培养,并用光镜、免疫荧光法观察鉴定;MTT法、划痕法检测不同浓度的HCPT（0、0．031、0．062、0．125、0．25、0．5、1、2、4mg／1）对HTFs增殖、移行的影响,并与MMC对比。结果：HTFs体外生长良好,经光镜和免疫荧光法观察鉴定为成纤维细胞;与空白对照组比较,HCPT（0．031-4mg／1）、MMC（0．0031-0．4mg／1）均能有效抑制HTFs的增殖,且呈一定的剂量、时间依赖性,HCPT作用24h、48h、72h的IC50分别为2．24mg／1、O．76mg／1、0．39mg／1,MMC作用24h、48h、72h的IC50分别为0．34mg／1、0．24mg／1、0．07mg／1;与空白对照组比较,HCPT（0．031-4mg／1）、MMC（O．0031-0．4mg／1）均能抑制HTFs迁移,呈剂量依赖性,而与时间无显著相关。结论：HCPT、MMC均能有效抑制HTFs的增殖和移行,其效应MMC约为HCPT的10倍。     

粘着斑激酶在bFGF引起细胞迁移中的动态变化及意义

本文旨在观察不同浓度碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)引起体外培养的ECV-304细胞迁移时粘着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)的动态变化及FAK与细胞迁移的关系。建立体外培养的ECV-304细胞划痕损伤模型,观察经不同剂量(0、5、10、15 ng/ml)bFGF作用12-24 h内细胞迁移距离(电脑图像测定)和FAK蛋白含量(Western blot)、活性(免疫沉淀加Western blot)和mRNA(RT-PCR)的动态变化。用免疫细胞化学(ABC法)染色研究整合素α3表达。结果发现,低浓度(5 ng/ml)bFGF促进细胞迁移,FAK蛋白含量增加42.07±2.02％、活性增加71.37±1.85％,与对照组比,差异显著(P<0.05),并与迁移距离呈正相关(P<0.05)。高浓度(15 ng/ml)bFGF抑制细胞迁移,FAK的变化相反。FAK mRNA的变化比蛋白变化早出现6 h。与对照细比,各实验组整合素α3表达无明显差异。由此可见,不同剂量bFGF对ECV-304细胞迁移的双相调节作用与FAK含量、活性与mRNA表达呈正相关,FAK在bFGF引起的细胞迁移的信号转导途径中起着重要作用。     

金葡菌α-毒素对Balb/c小鼠成纤维细胞水通道蛋白1(AQP1)表达的影响

目的观察金黄色葡萄球菌α-毒素（α-Toxin）对Balb／c 3T3小鼠成纤维细胞水通道蛋白1（AQP1）表达的影响。方法体外培养Balb／c 3T3成纤维细胞,将其分为对照组（Oh）和实验组（4h、6h及4h’）,实验组给予α-Toxin（浓度30μg／m1）,作用4h、6h及4h洗脱毒素后继续孵育到6h（即4h＇）,对照组给生理盐水,应用光学显微镜观察细胞形态的变化,免疫组化及Western-blot方法检测0h、4h、6h及4h’AQP1的表达情况。结果金葡菌钎Toxin作用于小鼠Balb／c 3T3成纤维细胞先出现细胞体积变大,胞核内颗粒增多,然后细胞破裂,坏死增加;免疫组化和Western blot显示：AQP1表达随着时间的增加而增加,4h＇及6h组增加更为明显。结论金葡菌α-Toxin作用于Balb／c小鼠成纤维细胞后,AQP1表达大量增加,去除毒素后,AQP1增加幅度显著下降,提示α-Toxin诱导的AQP1高表达具有一定的可逆性。     

bFGF诱导MEF生成的条件培养基对人胚胎干细胞生长的影响

为了探讨低浓度bFGF诱导小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEF）生成的条件培养基对人胚胎干细胞（hESC）生长分化的影响,以系列浓度的bFGF作用于MEF上,收集条件培养基（bFGF—MCM）,用于hES2细胞的无滋养层培养。以不添加bFGF而收集的MEF条件培养基（MCM）为阴性对照．同样浓度的bFGF添加于SR培养基（bFGF—SR）为空白对照。通过形态学特征和碱性磷酸酶染色法对hES2的生长分化状态进行评估。结果发现．培养一周内,未分化hES2克隆的比率,阴性对照为23％：空白对照组为13％-31％。当bFGF浓度为0．1,0．3,1,4ng／ml时,bFGF—MCM组未分化克隆的比率分别为44％,74％,77％和78％,与阴性和空白对照组相比,未分化克隆的比率均有不同程度提高．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。该结果揭示了经bFGF诱导的MEF细胞所产生的条件培养基具备了维持hES细胞正常生长而不分化的能力。对bFGF—MCM的深入分析．有望更好地了解hESC的生长与分化机制。     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白对大鼠心肌细胞分泌TGF—β1和bFGF的影响

目的：探讨氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox—LDL）对离体大鼠心肌细胞分泌转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）的影响。方法：离体大鼠心肌细胞与LDL、ox-LDL共孵育,分别于0h、6h、12h、24h、48h收集细胞培养上清液,用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1和bFGF的浓度。结果：与正常组和LDL组相比,ox-LDL组细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1和bFGF表达增加（P〈0．01）结论：OX—LDL能够刺激离体大鼠心肌细胞分泌TGF-β1和bFGF,其在心肌纤维化的进展中可能到起较重要作用。     

EGFR信号通路在SiO2诱导肺上皮细胞间质转化中的作用机制

目的：在二氧化硅（SiO2）刺激下可引起肺部一系列的炎症反应及其伴随相关的成纤维细胞增殖,然而EGFR信号通路可维持细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的平衡,因此,我们可以设想EGFR信号通路是否在肺纤维化的发生发展中起到重要的作用。本实验探讨SiO2是否能诱导人肺上皮细胞（A549）发生上皮间质转化,并且研究EGFR信号通路在矽肺纤维化中的作用机制。方法：以A549为研究对象,用0（对照组）、50、100、200μg／mlSiO2孵育A549,作用48h后于倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学改变,并收集不同时段细胞,采用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）检测E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）mRNA表达变化,细胞免疫荧光方法检测E-cadllerin、α-SMA及信号转导蛋白EGFR表达的变化。结果：倒置显微镜观察A549经SiO2处理后细胞形态由鹅卵石状转变为纺锤型或梭型,形态似成纤维细胞,随着SiO2浓度的升高,E-cadmRNA和蛋白表达逐渐下调,在200μg／ml组表达最低,α-SMAmRNA和蛋白表达逐渐上调,200μg／ml组α-SMA表达最高;EGFR蛋白表达上调;50、100、200μg／ml与对照组的差异具有统计学学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：SiO2可诱导肺上皮细胞向间质细胞转化,其机制可能与EGFR信号通路有关。     

IL-1β对精氨酸升压素诱导的大鼠心肌成纤维细胞INOS-NO系统活性的影响

目的：探讨白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）对精氨酸升压素（AVP）诱导下大鼠心肌成纤维细胞（CFs）诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）-一氧化氮（NO）系统活性的影响。方法：胰酶消化法分离培养SD仔鼠CFs,硝酸还原酶法、分光光度法和逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）分别测定不同浓度IL-1β与AVP协同作用下CFs的NO含量、NOS活性和iNOSmRNA表达。结果：AVP诱导下CFs iNOSmRNA表达、NOS活性和NO合成均显著增加（P〈0.05）。一定浓度范围内IL-1β与AVP协同作用,剂量依赖性地增加AVP对CFs iNOS-NO系统活性的提高作用,其中AVP＋3ng／ml和AVP＋5ng／ml IL-1β组的iNOS mRNA表达、NOS活性和NO合成均显著高于AVP组（P〈0。05）,但IL-1β浓度增加至5ng／ml时,CFs的iNOSmRNA表达、NOS活性和NO合成不再继续升高,反而有所下降。结论：在一定浓度范围内IL-1β可与AVP协同提高CFs iNOS-NO系统活性。     

羟基喜树碱抑制人眼Tenon囊成纤维细胞增殖的实验研究

目的:研究羟基喜树碱(HCPT)对体外培养的人眼Tenon囊成纤维细胞(Human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts,HTFs)增殖、移行的影响。方法:取正常供体新鲜的Tenon囊组织,采用组织块培养法,进行成纤维细胞的体外培养,并用光镜、免疫荧光法观察鉴定;MTT法、划痕法检测不同浓度的HCPT(0、0.031、0.062、0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2、4mg/l)对HTFs增殖、移行的影响,并与MMC对比。结果:HTFs体外生长良好,经光镜和免疫荧光法观察鉴定为成纤维细胞;与空白对照组比较,HCPT(0.031-4mg/l)、MMC(0.0031-0.4mg/l)均能有效抑制HTFs的增殖,且呈一定的剂量、时间依赖性,HCPT作用24h、48h、72h的IC50分别为2.24mg/l、0.76mg/l、0.39mg/l,MMC作用24h、48h、72h的IC50分别为0.34mg/l、0.24mg/l、0.07mg/l;与空白对照组比较,HCPT(0.031-4mg/1)、MMC(0.0031-0.4mg/l)均能抑制HTFs迁移,呈剂量依赖性,而与时间无显著相关。结论:HCPT、MMC均能有效抑制HTFs的增殖和移行,其效应MMC约为HCPT的10倍。     

高糖和bFGF对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响

目的：骨组织的形成是一个复杂的过程,受多种因素的影响,糖尿病所导致的持续高血糖对于成骨分化的影响机制尚不明确,以及在此分化过程中的各种细胞因子的作用机理仍不明了,现拟通过体外成骨诱导环境,观察高糖和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（fibroblastgrowthfactorbFGF）对人骨髓间充质干细胞（humanmesenchymalstemcellshMSCs）成骨分化的影响。方法：hMSC在5．5mmol／L和25mmol／L葡萄糖浓度下培养6天,使用cck一8法测定各组细胞增殖情况;hMSC在两种糖浓度下成骨诱导28天,通过碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性检测、茜素红染色、钙结节半定量检测,对比各组成骨分化活性;在两种糖浓度成骨诱导液中加入10ng／mlbFGF,使用RT—PCR技术检测各组细胞OCN、OPNmRNA表达差异。结果：高糖较正常糖浓度细胞增殖率下降,ALP活性降低,茜素红染色钙结节量减少,RT—PCR检测结果显示25mmol／L组OCN、OPNmRNA表达量低于5．5mmol／L组,加入bFGF后,25mmol／L组仍低于5．5mmol／L组,与未添加bFGF同葡萄糖组比较表达增加。结论：高糖使hMSC增殖能力下降,在成骨分化的过程中ALP活性降低,成骨相关基因OCN、OPN表达量下降,证明了高糖对hMSC成骨分化具有抑制作用,当加入bFGF后,改善了高糖对hMSC的抑制作用,提示糖尿病条件下高糖的存在是导致hMSC成骨分化能力下降的不利因素,同时初步证明了bFGF参与了成骨分化的过程,从而为在分子水平探讨糖尿病患者种植义齿骨结合形成相关机制奠定初步的基础．．     

Isolation of Echoviruses with Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblast Cells

More echovirus isolants were obtained from clinical specimens with a strain of human embryonic lung fibroblast cells (RU-1) than with primary rhesus monkey kidney cells.     

Standardization of Human Diploid Fibroblast Cultivation: Centrifugation Procedure

The effect of varying centrifugal forces on the growth rate, longevity, and adsorption on glass of human embryonic diploid lung fibroblasts was studied. Cells centrifuged at 120, 500, or 1,500 × g at each passage had similar growth rates but their longevity decreased slightly with increasing force. These forces had no influence on the proportion of cells attaching to the glass. When the material in the first supernatant was recentrifuged at 2,000 × g for 30 min and added to the cells precipitated in the first centrifugation, the longevity of these cells was increased by several cell divisions. Cells which were not centrifuged but added directly from the cell suspension in trypsin to the new culture grew at a slightly slower rate than the centrifuged cells and became senescent at an earlier time. However, the noncentrifuged cells adsorbed to glass better than those centrifuged.     

Standardization of Human Diploid Fibroblast Cultivation: Trypsinization Procedure

Human embryonic diploid lung fibroblasts were used to examine the influence of the trypsinizing procedure on the growth and adsorption of these cells. The best buffer for trypsinizing these cells was Hanks balanced salt solution containing 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolysate. Trypsinizing cells at 4 C gave better growth results than trypsinization at higher temperatures. The presence of antibiotics in the trypsin buffer increased the longevity of the cells. Cells initially trypsinized from tissue in phosphate-buffered saline without Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) and 0.33 m sucrose plus 10(-3)m Mg(2+) gave rise to better subsequent growth and adsorption than cells from tissue trypsinized in other buffers.     

Use of Postmortem Human Dura Mater and Scalp for Deriving Human Fibroblast Cultures

Fibroblasts can be collected from deceased individuals, grown in culture, reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and then differentiated into a multitude of cell types, including neurons. Past studies have generated iPSCs from somatic cell biopsies from either animal or human subjects. Previously, fibroblasts have only been successfully cultured from postmortem human skin in two studies. Here we present data on fibroblast cell cultures generated from 146 scalp and/or 53 dura mater samples from 146 postmortem human brain donors. In our overall sample, the odds of successful dural culture was almost two-fold compared with scalp (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: [1.01, 3.9], p = 0.047). Using a paired design within subjects for whom both tissues were available for culture (n = 53), the odds of success for culture in dura was 16-fold as compared to scalp (OR = 16.0, 95% CI: [2.1–120.6], p = 0.0007). Unattended death, tissue donation source, longer postmortem interval (PMI), and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with unsuccessful culture in scalp (all p<0.05), but not in dura. While scalp cells proliferated more and grew more rapidly than dura cells [F (1, 46) = 12.94, p<0.008], both tissues could be generated and maintained as fibroblast cell lines. Using a random sample of four cases, we found that both postmortem scalp and dura could be successfully reprogrammed into iPSC lines. Our study demonstrates that postmortem dura mater, and to a lesser extent, scalp, are viable sources of living fibroblasts for culture that can be used to generate iPSCs. These tissues may be accessible through existing brain tissue collections, which is critical for studying disorders such as neuropsychiatric diseases.     

Glycolytic Difference between Foetal and Non-foetal Human Fibroblast Lines

DURING multiple passages, fibroblast cell lines retain the chromosome number and genetic defects of the original donor^1,2. Here we show, by comparing the modes of glycolysis in foetal and non-foetal skin cultures, that-fibroblasts retain the expression of their original developmental state. illustration

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两种类型人碱性成纤维生长因子的体外稳定性研究

目的:通过野生型bFGF和改构型bFGF蛋白溶液中的聚集过程的比较,初步探讨bFGF在水溶液中发生聚集的机理。方法:在选择合适溶液体系后,采用蛋白溶解度和促有丝分裂活性能力为指标,表征野生型bFGF和突变型bFGF聚合程度,分析共价聚合和非共价聚合所起的作用。结果:在相同的溶液体系中,野生型bFGF的聚集程度高于突变型bFGF。bFGF聚合程度与浓度有依赖性。沉淀结果分析非共价聚合占主要作用。结论:野生型bFGF在溶液中共价聚和和非共价聚合同时发生,两种bFGF聚合过程中非共价聚合占较大比例。突变半胱氨酸可以减少聚合发生。     

Human FGF-21 Is a Substrate of Fibroblast Activation Protein

FGF-21 is a key regulator of metabolism and potential drug candidate for the treatment of type II diabetes and other metabolic disorders. However, the half-life of active, circulating, human FGF-21 has recently been shown to be limited in mice and monkeys by a proteolytic cleavage between P171 and S172. Here, we show that fibroblast activation protein is the enzyme responsible for this proteolysis by demonstrating that purified FAP cleaves human FGF-21 at this site in vitro, and that an FAP-specific inhibitor, ARI-3099, blocks the activity in mouse, monkey and human plasma and prolongs the half-life of circulating human FGF-21 in mice. Mouse FGF-21, however, lacks the FAP cleavage site and is not cleaved by FAP. These findings indicate FAP may function in the regulation of metabolism and that FAP inhibitors may prove useful in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic disorders in humans, but pre-clinical proof of concept studies in rodents will be problematic.     

Structural Alterations in Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors in Carcinogenesis

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) plays an important role in human embryogenesis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by aberrant constitutive activation of FGF receptors (FGFRs) resulting from missense mutation in the FGFR1-4 genes, generation of chimeric oncogenes, FGFR1-4 gene amplification, alternative splicing shift toward formation of mesenchymal FGFR isoforms, and FGFR overexpression. Altogether, these alterations contribute to auto-and paracrine stimulation of cancer cells and neoangiogenesis. Certain missense mutations are found at a high rate in urinary bladder cancer and can be used for non-invasive cancer recurrence diagnostics by analyzing urine cell pellet DNA. Chimeric FGFR1/3 and amplified FGFR1/2 genes can predict cell response to the targeted therapy in various oncological diseases. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing has been used to analyze exomes of virtually all human tumors, which allowed to construct phylogenetic trees of clonal cancer evolution with special emphasis on driver mutations in FGFR1-4 genes. At present, FGFR blockers, such as multi-kinase inhibitors, specific FGFR inhibitors, and FGF ligand traps are being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss current data on the functioning of the FGFR family proteins in both normal and cancer cells, mutations in the FGFR1-4 genes, and mechanisms underlying their oncogenic potential, which might be interesting to a broad range of scientists searching for specific tumor markers and targeted anti-cancer drugs.