液化沙雷氏菌磷脂酶A1的克隆表达及乳糖自诱导发酵

为了利用大肠杆菌高效生产重组磷脂酶,克隆了液化沙雷氏菌磷脂酶A1的编码基因pla,分别使用pET-28a(+)和pET-20b(+)载体,实现了磷脂酶A1在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的功能表达.重组菌利用载体pET-28a(+)在原始信号肽的介导下胞外PLA1酶活达40.8 U/mL,占总酶活的91％.重组菌转接至优化后的发酵诱导培养基:蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母粉5g/L,葡萄糖0.8 g/L,乳糖5 g/L,25 mmol/L Na2HPO4,25 mmol/L KH2PO4和1 mmol/L MgSO4;菌体生长6h后,添加7.5 g/L的甘氨酸,37℃恒温发酵24 h,重组菌胞外PLA1酶活达到128.7 U/mL.     

MntH与含锰过氧化氢酶共表达基因工程菌的构建与发酵优化

构建Mn2+转运蛋白MntH与来源于Thermus thermophilus HB27的含锰过氧化氢酶的共表达基因工程菌,并进行了发酵培养基及培养环境条件的优化,确定培养基中最佳的碳氮源种类及其浓度分别为:甘油7.0 g/L,酵母粉3.75 g/L和蛋白胨11.25 g/L;当培养基中的Mn2+浓度为1 mmol/L时,最佳的IPTG诱导浓度为0.05 mmol/L。此外,最佳的培养基初始p H值及培养温度分别为:p H 8.0和37℃,在最优发酵条件下工程菌摇瓶发酵培养24 h,过氧化氢酶活最高可达476 U/m L是未优化前3倍。在5 L发酵罐的验证实验中,过氧化氢酶的酶活进一步提高至1 094 U/m L。     

工业纤维素诱导里氏木霉RUT C-30产葡聚糖酶的条件

为了研究工业纤维素诱导里氏木霉RUT C-30产葡聚糖酶的最佳条件,根据单因素实验结果,以工业纤维素、(NH4)2SO4和生物素为实验因素,滤纸酶活为响应值,进行中心组合设计,建立一个二次多项式数学模型,进行响应面优化,寻找最优产酶结果.经过优化,选出工业纤维素、(NH4)2SO4和生物素的添加量分别为39.485 g/L、6.232 g/L和249.872 μg/L,最高的滤纸比酶活为6.298 U/mL,实验验证,滤纸比酶活为6.118 U/mL,与预测值相差了2.86%.     

Amphibacillus xylanus谷氨酸脱氢酶基因工程菌培养条件优化

首先构建了5株表达NADH依赖型谷氨酸脱氢酶的大肠杆菌基因工程菌,获得来源于Amphibacillus xylanus的谷氨酸脱氢酶AxyGDH。其最适温度为60℃、最适p H为8.0,该条件下比酶活达到(903.1±24.6)U/mg,酶活半衰期为167h。其次,确定了表达AxyGDH的大肠杆菌基因工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET-28a(+)-AxyGDH的产酶条件:诱导剂IPTG浓度为0.7mmol/L、诱导温度为25℃;优化后的培养基组成为:甘油11.3g/L,酵母粉16.3g/L,Mg SO_4·7H_2O 0.62g/L,NaCl 0.5g/L,Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O 17.1g/L,KH_2PO_43g/L,NH_4Cl 1.5g/L。最后,在10L发酵罐中控制比生长速率为0.2h~(-1)进行补料分批发酵,所得AxyGDH的发酵酶活为(9 066±45)U/ml,是LB摇瓶发酵酶活的51.1倍,为谷氨酸脱氢酶的低成本生产奠定了基础。     

重组Humicola insolens角质酶的高密度发酵优化 *

在采用前期已构建的重组菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET20b(+)-hic进行高密度发酵制备角质酶时发现,在高诱导强度发酵时,菌体浓度下降明显。同时,通过测定纯化重组角质酶的磷脂水解活性,考察验证了重组酶对宿主细胞的损伤作用。重组酶的磷脂酰乙醇胺活性为9.8U/mg(NPB水解比活力为1 047.6 U/mg),在卵黄平板出现了明显的反应圈现象。在此基础上尝试了高菌体浓度结合高诱导强度的发酵策略,以进一步提高重组酶在3L罐中的表达水平。优化后的最佳条件及结果为:OD₆₀₀为75时,恒速流加0.8g/(L ·h)的乳糖溶液,发酵24h后,酶活达到最大值4 788.0U/ml,约为摇瓶发酵酶活的28倍,与OD₆₀₀为50时、流加0.2 g/(L ·h)进行诱导的发酵策略(酶活2 233.0 U/ml)相比,提高幅度约为114.0%,发酵时间缩短40.0%。     

分散泛菌蔗糖异构酶在大肠杆菌中的表达及发酵优化

为了提高分散泛菌Pantoea dispersa UQ68J来源的蔗糖异构酶产量,研究了不同信号肽及发酵条件对蔗糖异构酶在大肠杆菌中重组表达的影响。将携带天然信号肽的蔗糖异构酶基因优化后,转入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)构建重组表达菌株——ORI菌株,摇瓶发酵总酶活和胞外酶活分别为85 U/m L、65 U/m L。从天然信号肽开始第22位氨基酸作为成熟蛋白的起始,连接Pel B或Omp A信号肽构建P22和O22菌株,其中P22菌株发酵总酶活提高至138 U/m L,是ORI菌株总酶活的1.6倍;而O22菌株发酵总酶活和ORI菌株无明显差别。采用3.0 g/L的乳糖诱导,P22菌株的蔗糖异构酶总酶活提高至168 U/m L。在3 L发酵罐中,研究甘氨酸浓度和诱导时间对蔗糖异构酶分泌的影响,当补加0.5%甘氨酸,DCW为18 g/L(OD_(600)=30)开始诱导,P22菌株的蔗糖异构酶胞外酶活最高达1 981 U/m L,同时蔗糖异构酶总酶活达到2 640 U/m L,是已报道大肠杆菌重组表达蔗糖异构酶的最高水平。     

Optimization of fermentation medium for amidase production by response surface methodology

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母(Trichosporon asahii)ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化.运用单因子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca2+、Mn2+可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18.84 g/L、酵母浸膏9.55 g/L、NaCl 5g/L、KH2 PO41g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L、FeSO40.001g/L、CaCO370.84 μmol/L、MnSO4 65.39 μmol/L(1％丙烯酸诱导),NH4·H2O调节pH至7.0.培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U/L提高到4156 U/L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1.63倍.     

Optimization of fermentation conditions for isoeugenol monooxygenase from Bacillus fusiformis CGMCC1347

对从土壤中筛选获得的纺锤芽孢杆菌CGMCC1347生产异丁香酚单加氧酶的发酵条件进行了单因素考察及正交实验优化,确定了最适的发酵摇瓶培养基组成和培养条件.在发酵培养基组成为尿素1 g/L,玉米浆55 g/L,K2HPO4 2g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1 g/L,初始pH 7.5,发酵温度37℃,摇床转速180 r/min的条件下培养16h获得的细胞,能转化2％的异丁香酚生成2.49 g/L香兰素,异丁香酚单加氧酶酶活达3.79 U/L.     

核茎点霉发酵产纤维素酶的培养基优化

利用响应面分析法对核茎点霉(Phoma putaminum)LYYZ90-19的发酵产酶培养基进行优化。在单因素试验基础之上,通过Box-Behnken试验设计原理,以酶活力值为响应值进行响应面分析,借助Minitab软件对回归模型进行分析,得到优化后的培养基条件:麸皮4.27 g/L,蛋白胨0.79 g/L,K2HPO40.59 g/L。在优化条件下发酵液比酶活13.47 U/mL,而优化前该菌比酶活为7.73 U/mL,比酶活提高了约74.1%。     

4,4,4-三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯羰基还原酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

对实验室保藏菌种进行筛选,得到一株葡萄汁酵母Saccharomyces uvarum SW-58,对其产酶条件进行优化,其发酵培养基组成:醋酸钠60 g/L,玉米浆30 g/L,KH2PO46 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1 g/L;培养条件为:发酵温度30℃,初始pH 6.0,发酵周期36 h。4,4,4-三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯羰基还原酶酶活最高可达388.1 U/L,产物的浓度由优化前的3.5 g/L提高到4.6 g/L,所得产物的光学纯度由优化前的60.8%e.e.提高到85.0%e.e。     

Monoterpenoid oxindole alkaloid production by Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) D.C. cell suspension cultures in a stirred tank bioreactor

Cell growth, monoterpenoid oxindole alkaloid (MOA) production, and morphological properties of Uncaria tomentosa cell suspension cultures in a 2-L stirred tank bioreactor were investigated. U. tomentosa (cell line green Uth-3) was able to grow in a stirred tank at an impeller tip speed of 95 cm/s (agitation speed of 400 rpm), showing a maximum biomass yield of 11.9 +/- 0.6 g DW/L and a specific growth rate of 0.102 d(-1). U. tomentosa cells growing in a stirred tank achieved maximum volumetric and specific MOA concentration (467.7 +/- 40.0 microg/L, 44.6 +/- 5.2 microg/g DW) at 16 days of culture. MOA chemical profile of cell suspension cultures growing in a stirred tank resembled that of the plant. Depending on culture time, from the total MOA produced, 37-100% was found in the medium in the bioreactor culture. MOA concentration achieved in a stirred tank was up to 10-fold higher than that obtained in Erlenmeyer flasks (agitated at 110 rpm). In a stirred tank, average area of the single cells of U. tomentosa increased up to 4-fold, and elliptical form factor increased from 1.40 to 2.55, indicating enlargement of U. tomentosa single cells. This work presents the first report of U. tomentosa green cell suspension cultures that grow and produce MOA in a stirred tank bioreactor.     

Influence of methyl jasmonate on podophyllotoxin and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin accumulation in Linum album cell suspension cultures

The accumulation of podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin (6MPTOX) was enhanced about twofold in the suspension culture of Linum album line 2-5 aH following the addition of methyl jasmonate (MeJas) to the cultivation medium, reaching 7.69±1.45 mg/g dry weight and 1.11±0.09 mg/g dry weight, respectively. There was no increase in 6MPTOX accumulation following the addition of MeJas to suspension cells of L. album line X4SF, whereas PTOX accumulation was enhanced about tenfold to 0.49±0.10 mg/g dry weight. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased immediately after the addition of MeJas to a cell suspension culture of line X4SF, reaching a maximum between 4 h and 1 day after elicitation, while cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity and the lignin content of the cells were not affected.     

高产莪术细胞悬浮系建立及产物前体对挥发油合成的调控研究

研究了高产莪术细胞悬浮系培养的条件及前体物质添加对挥发油合成的调控。结果表明：淡黄色颗粒状愈伤组织是建立高产细胞悬浮系的最佳供试愈伤组织;最佳培养基成分是MS培养基添加葡萄糖与蔗糖各15—30g／L(1：1),氮源为NH4^ 和NO3^-,比例为1：3,总量为80mmol／L;激素组合为6-BA3．0—5．0mg／L、2,4-D1．0mg／L;光下培养10—15天再转入优化条件下的暗培养,可形成稳定的高产细胞悬浮系;其细胞周期中的最大细胞生长量及挥发油含量分别是248g／L和2．28％;前体物质泛酸钙、乙酸铵、乙酸钾的添加均可有效提高培养细胞合成挥发油的百分含量,其中乙酸铵最有效,在指数生长中期添加0．5mmol／L乙酸铵,挥发油的最高含量可达3．11％,产量为8．27g/L,分别是添加前的1.25倍及1.2倍。     

Superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation in the murine macrophage cell line C4M phi

A remarkable increase in the production of superoxide radicals and SOD activity was measured in suspension of the murine macrophage cell line C4M phi treated with Lentinan (4-10 X 10(3) micrograms/5 X 10(6) cells). In activated macrophages the decrease of lipid peroxidation could be interpreted as a consequence of enhanced SOD activity.     

Studies on Cell Suspension Culture and Fermentation Culture in Arnebia euchroma

This paper reports some characteristics of cell suspension and fermentation culture in Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. The yield of suspension culture reached 22.0g dry wt/L per month when inoculum quantity was 2.50 g dry wt/L. Time-course study showed that cell growith lagged in 0–3 days and enhanced greatly in 3–12 days, and almost ceased after 12 days of culture, pH value changed during the culture period and peaked on the 12th day after inoculation. When cells were cultured in liquid production medium, the contents of shikonin derivatives increased quickly and reached to the maximum about the 25th day. The cell yield of 9.47 and 9.34 g dry wt/L per month was obtained in fermentation culture. Timecourse of cell growth in fermentation culture was similar to that in suspension culture. The total content of shikonin derivatives in fermentation culture was 14.26% dry weight from 10 L bioreactor. The yield of shikonin derivatives was 1.93 g/L.     

Accumulation of sesquiterpenes and polysaccharides in cells of zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe) cultured in a 10 L bioreactor

We developed a cell suspension culture system for zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe), using 100 g fresh weight inoculum in a batch culture. The maximum cell biomass of 68.46 g/L fresh weight was obtained after 14 days of culture in a 10 L bioreactor with a pitch-blade impeller maintained at an agitation speed of 150 rpm and an aeration rate of 2.5 L/min. The accumulation of sesquiterpenes and polysaccharide in zedoary cells from 2 to 18 days was measured by HPLC and a phenol-sulfuric acid assay, respectively. The total polysaccharide concentration increased between 2 to 10 days of culture and reached a maximum value of 6.55%. HPLC revealed several eluted peaks of sesquiterpenes, which increased in amplitude from days 2 to 10. Furthermore, our results indicated that biotransformation occurred in the cell suspension, transforming certain sesquiterpenes into other types during culture.     

Cultivation of immortalized human hepatocytes HepZ on macroporous CultiSpher G microcarriers

Cultivation of the new immortalized hepatocyte cell line HepZ was performed with a 1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham's F12 media containing 5% FCS. The cells were grown in their 40th passage in 100 mL and 1 L volumes in spinner flasks and in a bioreactor, respectively. For the production of adherently growing HepZ cells macroporous CultiSpher G gelatin microcarriers were used in various concentrations from 1 to 3 g/L. The cells were seeded in a density of 2 x 10(5) cells/mL when using a microcarrier concentration of 1 g/L and 5 x 10(5) cells/mL at a microcarrier concentration of 3 g/L. After 7 days of cultivation a maximum cell concentration of 4.5 x 10(6) cells/mL was obtained in the spinner culture using a microcarrier concentration of 1 g/L. With bubble-free aeration and daily medium exchange from day 7, 7.1 x 10(6) cells/mL were achieved in the bioreactor using a microcarrier concentration of 3 g/L. The cells exhibited a maximum specific growth rate of 0.84 per day in the spinner system and 1.0 per day in the bioreactor, respectively. During the growth phase the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity rose slightly up to values of 200 U/L. At the end of cultivation the macroporous carriers were completely filled with cells exhibiting a spherical morphology whereas the hepatocytes on the outer surface were flat-shaped. Concerning their metabolic activity the cells predominantly consumed glutamine and glucose. During the growth phase lactate was produced up to 19.3 mM in the spinner culture and up to 9.1 mM in the bioreactor. Maximal oxygen consumption was 1950 nmol/(10(6) cells. day). HepZ cells resisted a 4-day long chilling period at 9.5 degrees C. The cytochrome P450 system was challenged with a pulse of 7 microgram/mL lidocaine at a cell density of 4.5 x 10(6) cells/mL. Five ng/mL monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) was generated within 1 day without phenobarbital induction compared to 26 ng/mL after a preceded three day induction period with 50 microgram/mL of phenobarbital indicating hepatic potency. Thus, the new immortalized HepZ cell line, exhibiting primary metabolic functions and appropriate for a mass cell cultivation, suggests its application for a bioartificial liver support system.     

服食黑蒜可有效维持长跑运动员抗氧化能力并缓解发炎情况

为探讨服食黑蒜对长跑运动员的抗氧化与抗发炎作用,本研究招募8位大学生长跑运动员为受试者,采用双盲交叉实验分别进行14 d黑蒜或安慰剂服食,并在第15天进行10 000 m运动测试。通过采集服食前与运动后运动员的血液,并对超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化状态(TAS)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GPx)等氧化能力指标与肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞数(WBC)等发炎指标进行分析,本研究发现在10 000 m运动测试后,黑蒜组体内抗氧化参数显著低于安慰剂组,发炎情况中白细胞数指标在黑蒜组中显著低于安慰剂组。本研究表明,服食黑蒜可以显著降低抗氧化指标SOD、TAS与GPx活性及白细胞数量,有效维持体内抗氧化能力及降低运动后发炎情况。     

Production of biomass and beta-D-galactosidase by Candida pseudotropicalis grown in continuous culture on whey

The production of biomass and beta-D-galactosidase by the lactose-utilizing yeast Candida pseudotropicalis NCYC 744 in whey medium was studied. Apparent optimization of growth conditions and medium was done in continuous culture. Optimaql pH and temperature were 2.6 and 36-38 degrees C, respectively, Limitations in Cu, Zn, and possbily Mn were detected in deproteinized whey medium. Additions of tryptophan estimulated growth of the yeast. Under optimal conditions in medium supplemented with excess tryptophan, Cu, Zn, and Mn the maximum values obtained: yeast concentration, 4.6 g/L; yeast productivity, 1.4 g/L h (at D = 0.35 h(-1)); enzyme volumetric productivity, 2100 U/L h (at D = 0.25 h(-1)); maintenance coefficient, 5-10 mg lactose/g cell h; saturation constant (K(s)) for lactose, 4.76mM; maximum specific growth rate, (mu(max)), 0.47 h(-1). No significant increase in specific enzyme activity (U/mg cell) was observed after medium optimiztion evidencing the importance of regulatory controls in enzyme synthesis.     

Manganese peroxidase production by immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 in a cell bioreactor

Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) production was performed in an immobilized cell bioreactor in which Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 was immobilized on polystyrene foam. The immobilized cell culture yielded significantly greater MnP activity than the conventional stationary liquid culture. Cultivation was carried out in batch mode; the effect of glucose concentration was investigated and growth kinetics parameters were found as, micromax=0.59 day(-1), Ks=0.33 g/L and Kss=14.5. Batch operation led to maximum MnP (770.82 U/L) in the culture medium containing 0.05% Tween 80, 10 g/L glucose, and 174 microM Mn2+ at 37 degrees C and pH 4.5. Enzyme productivity was obtained as 110.12 U/day/L.