小桐子肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶3的基因克隆及其生物信息学分析和功能初步验证

旨在研究可溶性糖在小桐子抗冷性形成中的作用机制及其相关抗冷基因工程的应用。克隆了小桐子肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶家族成员3基因(Jc GS3)的全长c DNA,序列长1 053 bp,包含完整的开放阅读框1 008 bp,编码由335个氨基酸组成的酶蛋白(理论分子量为38 k D、等电点为5.44,含有典型的Dx D基序)。对其相应基因组序列中启动子区域进行分析,鉴定到了TATA框、CAAT框、CRT/DRE低温响应元件以及ABA应答元件等。进一步将其在酵母中表达,发现该基因的表达能够显著提高其重组酵母菌的低温抵抗能力。     

小桐子早期光诱导蛋白ELIP基因的克隆及其与靶向miRNA的互作与低温下共表达分析

【目的】作为一种喜温冷敏植物,低温严重影响小桐子的生长发育、地域分布与产量。前期工作发现12 ℃低温锻炼可显著提高小桐子的抗冷性,小桐子早期光诱导蛋白(ELIP)基因是低温高响应基因。为探究JcELIP在小桐子低温响应中的作用,全面了解JcELIP的结构、调控机制、进化关系及JcELIP与miRNAs的互作关系,也为后续小桐子抗冷分子育种提供一个重要的候选基因资源。【方法】通过RT-PCR克隆了小桐子JcELIP基因并对其进行了系统的生物信息学分析,采用RT-qPCR分析了JcELIP基因在根、茎、叶中及12 ℃低温锻炼过程中的表达变化,鉴定了与JcELIP互作的miRNAs,进行了12 ℃低温锻炼过程中的共表达分析。【结果】结果显示,该基因完整的开放阅读框(ORF)为585 bp,编码194个氨基酸,蛋白大小为2.04 kD,理论等电点为9.59,属于稳定的疏水碱性蛋白,具有3个疏水跨膜螺旋;三级结构主要由ɑ-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,具有叶绿素a/b结合位点。顺式作用元件预测显示JcELIP具有脱落酸等激素响应元件。进化分析显示,小桐子JcELIP与木薯MeELIP同源性最高。RT-qPCR分析显示,正常生长条件下小桐子JcELIP在根、茎、叶中的表达量无显著差异;12℃冷锻炼条件下JcELIP在叶中表达快速上调,48 h时其表达量达到对照组的64.8倍,表明JcELIP参与了小桐子对冷胁迫的响应与适应。基于小桐子降解组数据,鉴定到miR390-x、miR6476-x和novel-m0090-3p等8个miRNAs对JcELIP的表达具有调控作用;共表达分析结果表明在12 ℃低温锻炼过程中JcELIP的表达受miR390-x和novel-m0090-3p显著的负调控。     

小桐子低温诱导查耳酮合酶基因的克隆及其表达分析

为了解查耳酮合酶在小桐子(Jatropha curcas)抗冷性形成中的作用, 基于小桐子低温锻炼转录组和数字基因表达谱数据, 克隆了低温新诱导表达的小桐子查耳酮合酶基因(JcCHS), 并分析了该基因的表达特性和功能。结果表明, JcCHS 基因的cDNA全长为1386 bp, 包含完整开放阅读框(ORF) 1170 bp, 编码389个氨基酸, JcCHS的理论分子量为42.2 kDa、等电点为6.53, 与蓖麻CHS 蛋白序列的相似性高达93.6%, 具有III 型聚酮合酶家族保守的查耳酮合酶/ 对苯乙烯合酶结构域。半定量RTPCR分析表明, JcCHS 在小桐子各组织中都有表达, 其中根的表达量较高。JcCHS 基因的表达能在一定程度上提高重组酵母菌的低温抵抗能力, 这说明JcCHS 基因可能参与了小桐子的抗低温响应。     

小桐子SnRK1蛋白激酶α亚基基因的克隆及原核表达分析

植物蔗糖非发酵-1型相关蛋白激酶1(Sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase 1,SnRK1)与酵母SNF1及哺乳动物AMPK同属进化上保守的SNF1蛋白激酶家族,参与响应由胞内低能量/低糖状态所引起的信号转导过程。基于小桐子基因组数据,利用生物信息学方法鉴定到小桐子SnRK1蛋白激酶α亚基基因,并克隆到该基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为JcSnRK1α。结果表明,该cDNA序列全长1 700 bp,完整开放阅读框1 545 bp,编码514个氨基酸,分子量为58.8 kD,理论等电点为8.57。基因结构显示,其包含11个外显子与10个内含子。具有包含T-loop区域的激酶结构域、自抑制调控结构域UBA及激酶相关结构域KA1。另外,在该基因启动子序列中鉴定到TATA框、CAAT框及响应高温、低温、干旱、创伤、赤霉素等应答元件。qRTPCR分析显示,小桐子JcSnRK1α基因具有器官表达特异性,在茎与根中表达量较高,而在叶片中表达量相对较低,同时,在茎与根中都属于低温诱导表达基因,分别在低温胁迫3 h与0.5 h达到最大表达量,较对照提高2.04与3.16倍。构建其原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-JcSnRK1α,并在Rosetta中诱导表达,得到84.8 kD的蛋白条带,与理论融合蛋白的分子量一致。本研究为开展小桐子JcSnRK1α基因的功能鉴定以及其在信号转导与逆境应答中的机制奠定了基础。     

小桐子赤霉素20氧化酶的基因克隆及低温下表达分析

赤霉素20氧化酶是植物赤霉素生物合成的限速酶,决定有生物活性的GA1与GA4的合成量。基于先前获得的小桐子低温锻炼转录组数据,以小桐子幼苗的根为材料,采用RT-PCR技术克隆到小桐子赤霉素20氧化酶基因Jc GA20ox的c DNA序列(Gen Bank登录号KJ670150.1)。该c DNA全长1 307 bp,含有完整的开放阅读框(1 131 bp),编码376个氨基酸,分子量为43 k D,理论等电点为6.7。其推导蛋白属于2-ODD家族,包含2-酮戊二酸双加氧酶结构域(Fe2OG_OXY)。半定量RT-PCR表达分析显示,Jc GA20ox在小桐子各组织中都有表达,但表达水平具有组织特异性,在茎中表达量较高,且受低温诱导表达最显著,而在叶中表达量相对较低。     

小桐子MYB基因家族的鉴定及JcMYB308基因的克隆与低温表达分析

MYB转录因子家族参与植物生长发育及对环境胁迫的应答等过程。该实验基于小桐子基因组数据库,对MYB基因家族进行鉴定,克隆了小桐子Jc MYB308基因,并对其功能结构域、系统进化、基因结构及低温表达特性进行了分析。结果表明,小桐子全基因组共鉴定到213个MYB基因家族成员,聚类为6个亚家族。克隆的Jc MYB308基因片段长度为713 bp,基因结构具有较高的保守性,均含有两个外显子,进化树显示其与同属大戟科的蓖麻亲缘关系最近,序列一致性为62.7%。q RT-PCR表达分析表明,小桐子Jc MYB308基因的表达存在组织表达特异性,在根中表达量较高,而在叶片中表达量相对较低,在根与茎中低温胁迫24 h时达到最大表达量。     

小桐子糖原合成激酶基因JcGSK的克隆与表达分析

以小桐子(Jatropha curcas L.)cDNA为模版,克隆了JcGSK基因的CDS序列。序列分析表明,JcGSK基因包含1 230bp完全阅读框(ORF),编码409个氨基酸。预测其编码蛋白质的相对分子量为46.33kD,理论等电点为8.58。Blast搜索结果及进化分析结果表明,JcGSK蛋白与巴西橡胶树GSK蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性最高(94%)且亲缘关系最近;JcGSK基因编码的蛋白具有一个蛋白激酶特有的结构域。组织表达结果显示,JcGSK基因在小桐子根、茎、叶、花、果皮和种子中都有表达,且在根中表达量最高。小桐子幼苗在NaCl、ABA、PEG、低温和机械损伤处理后JcGSK基因表达量有不同程度的上调,推测其参与小桐子非生物胁迫响应和信号传导过程。JcGSK基因在种子中也有较高表达,在种子发育过程中表达量的变化与种子生长发育趋势基本一致,推测JcGSK基因也参与调控小桐子种子的生长发育。     

小桐子半胱氨酸蛋白酶家族和相应miRNAs的鉴定及其对低温锻炼的响应

小桐子(Jatropha curcas)是一种极具潜力的能源植物及冷敏植物,12°C低温锻炼可显著提高其耐冷性。在全基因组水平上对小桐子半胱氨酸蛋白酶家族及靶向其基因的miRNAs进行鉴定、生物信息学分析和表达特性分析,并对该基因家族成员与miRNAs互作参与调控小桐子对低温锻炼的响应进行解析。结果表明,在小桐子基因组...     

甜椒细胞质小分子量热激蛋白基因(CaHSP18)的cDNA克隆与表达

用RT-PCR和RACE-PCR技术,从热激处理的甜椒叶片总RNA中扩增出了细胞质小分子量热激蛋白(sHSP)全长779 bp的cDNA基因序列,包含一个480 bp开放阅读框,编码159个氨基酸.Southern杂交结果表明在甜椒基因组中有该基因的小的多基因家族.Northern结果显示该基因在甜椒根、茎、叶中的表达受热激和低温的诱导.原核表达分析表明该基因在高温以及低温条件下可以提高大肠杆菌的生存能力.     

ABA对低温胁迫下小桐子幼苗耐冷性及甜菜碱积累的影响

旨在探讨外源脱落酸(ABA)对低温胁迫下小桐子幼苗耐冷性及甜菜碱积累的影响。用150μmol/L ABA处理低温胁迫下的小桐子幼苗,研究其对小桐子幼苗存活率,根系活力,电解质渗漏率,MDA含量,甜菜碱含量及其代谢关键酶BADH活性和Jc BADH基因表达水平的影响。结果表明,外源150μmol/L ABA处理可显著提高低温胁迫下小桐子幼苗的存活率和根系活力,降低电解质渗漏率和MDA含量;ABA也提高了低温胁迫下小桐子幼苗的甜菜碱含量,上调了BADH的活性和Jc BADH的表达水平。因此,ABA可提高低温胁迫下小桐子幼苗的耐冷性,并且在ABA诱发的小桐子幼苗耐冷性的提高过程中,甜菜碱发挥着重要作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.