促性腺激素释放激素类似物对长臀wei脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

采用离体灌流孵育技术和促性腺激素的放射免疫测定方法,对长臀wei(Cranoglanis bouderius)脑垂体碎片促性腺激素的分泌进行了研究。结果表明：持续的促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRH-A)能显著刺激退化期的长臀wei离体脑垂体碎片促性腺激素(GTH)的分泌,并且长臀wei脑垂体碎片对持续的GnRH-A刺激未表现出脱敏性,该结果与胡子鲇和鲇鱼相似,而与金鱼和鲤科鱼类不同;重复脉冲GnRH-A刺激对长臀wei脑垂体碎片GTH分泌具有促进作用,而且存在剂量依存关系,与鲇鱼和鲤科鱼类相类似。上述结果表明在长臀wei的人工繁殖中可以用持续高浓度GnRH-A刺激对长臀wei进行催熟和催产。     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物对长臀鮠脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

采用离体灌流孵育技术和促性腺激素的放射免疫测定方法,对长臀鮠(Cranoglanis bouderius)脑垂体碎片促性腺激素的分泌进行了研究。结果表明：持续的促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRH-A)能显著刺激退化期的长臀鮠离体脑垂体碎片促性腺激素(GTH)的分泌,并且长臀鮠脑垂体碎片对持续的GnRH-A刺激未表现出脱敏性,该结果与胡子鲇和鲇鱼相似,而与金鱼和鲤科鱼类不同;重复脉冲GnRH-A刺激对长臀鮠脑垂体碎片GTH分泌具有促进作用,而且存在剂量依存关系,与鲇鱼和鲤科鱼类相类似。上述结果表明在长臀鮠的人工繁殖中可以用持续高浓度GnRH-A刺激对长臀鮠进行催熟和催产。     

Cd^2＋对离体的鲤鱼脑垂体分泌促性腺激素的影响

采用离体的鲤鱼脑垂体灌流孵育系统,研究重金属镉离子对脑垂体分泌促性腺激素的害影响。发现Ｃｄ＾２＋既能直接刺激ＧｔＨ分泌,又抑制鲑鱼促性腺激素类似物释放激素刺激脑垂体分泌ＧｔＨ作用。实验结果提示,Ｃｄ＾２＋对鲤鱼脑垂体ＧｔＨ分泌细胞的毒定机制之一可能是它干扰了Ｃａ＾２＋的正常生理作用。     

外源激素对雄性黄鳝性类固醇激素分泌的影响

硬骨鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)的分泌受到双重调控,即促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的刺激和促性腺激素释放抑制因子(GRIF)的抑制1.       

改变大鼠促性腺激素细胞内cAMP含量对卵泡刺激素分泌的影响

目的:分析大鼠卵泡刺激素(FSH)分泌的受体后信号转导机制。方法:将促性腺激素(GTH)细胞用毛喉素(FSK)或腺苷酸环化酶抑制剂SQ22536处理后,用促性腺激素释放激素脉冲刺激,再用酶联免疫吸附法检测其FSH分泌量,并与空白对照组比较。结果:FSK能显著提高GTH细胞中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)含量,SQ22536能显著降低GTH细胞中的cAMP含量,FSK和SQ22536都不会影响GTH细胞的蛋白激酶C活性,GTH细胞cAMP含量的变化对FSH分泌的影响不显著。结论:cAMP-PKA(蛋白激酶A)不是FSHβ亚基分泌的受体后信号转导途径。     

大鳍促性腺激素分泌调控的研究

用非洲鲶鱼促性腺激素放射免疫测定方法测定了科鱼类样品中的促性腺激素含量。用这种方法和鲤鱼促性腺激素β亚基放射免疫测定法测定大鳍同一批血清样品结果也相当吻合。通过注射促黄体素释放激素类似物和／或多巴胺的Ｄ２受体拮抗剂地欧酮后,定时取样测定血清促性腺激素含量,证明大鳍促性腺激素的释放同时受到下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素和多巴胺的双重调节。但是,多巴胺只能抑制由促性腺激素释放激素诱导的促性腺激素分泌,而不能直接抑制基础的促性腺激素分泌,这与非洲鲶鱼相似而与金鱼和鲤鱼等鲤科鱼类明显不同。     

大鼠垂体促性腺激素细胞内cAMP的改变对LHβ mRNA表达的影响

目的 分析大鼠LHβ mRNA表达的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)受体后信号转导机制.方法 将体外培养的大鼠腺垂体促性腺激素(GTH)细胞用cAMP的兴奋剂FSK或抑制剂SQ22536处理后,再用高频GnRH脉冲刺激,然后用实时荧光定量PCR法测定细胞LHβ mRNA的Ct值,并与空白组比较.结果 LHβ mRNA的Ct值随着GTH细胞cAMP含量的增高而显著降低,随着cAMP含量的降低而显著增高.结论 cAMP是高频GnRH脉冲刺激所引起的LHβ mRNA表达的受体后的信号转导途径.     

鲤鱼脑垂体促性腺激素含量年周期变化的研究

本文报道了用蟾蜍离体卵巢跌卵的方法来研究鲤鱼脑垂体里的促性腺激素含量的年周期变化情况,以解决我国鲩、青、鲢、鳙人工繁殖工作中应用鲤鱼脑垂体作为催产剂的质量问题。实验是在1962—1963年进行的。实验结果表明：鲤鱼脑垂体对蟾蜍离体卵巢有明显的跌卵效果;鲤鱼脑垂体里的促性腺激素是常年存在的,但随季节的不同而含量亦有所不同。全年中以2—3月份的脑垂体里促性腺激素的含量最高,10月份为最低,其他月份则是逐渐递升与递减的关系,因而呈现出一明显的年周期变化规律,这对指导收集鲤鱼脑垂体的最适季节具有一定的实用意义。对鱼类脑垂体的生理探讨方面也提供了一些新的资料。     

多巴胺、雌二醇及睾酮对虎纹蛙离体脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

为了解虎纹蛙促性腺激素分泌的调节机理,用离体静态培育系统和放射免疫测定法,研究了多巴胺（ＤＡ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）和睾酮（Ｔ）对雌性虎纹蛙离体脑垂体薄片促黄体激素（ＬＨ）和促卵泡激素（ＦＳＨ）分泌活动的影响。结果表明：０．１～１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＡ对成熟前期和冬眠期虎纹蛙离体脑垂体型薄片的ＬＨ及ＦＳＨ的释放都有抑制作用,并且随着ＤＡ浓度的增加,抑制作用逐渐增强。１和１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｅ２显著刺激成熟前     

大鳍Hu促性腺激素分泌调控的研究

用非洲鲶鱼促性腺激素放射免疫测定方法测定了Ｃｈａｎｇ科鱼类样品中的促性腺激素含量。用这种方法和鲤鱼促性腺激素β－亚基放射免疫测定法测定大鳍Ｈｕ同一批血清样品结果也相当吻合。通过注射促黄体素释放激素类似物和／或多巴胺的Ｄ２受体拮抗剂地欧酮后,定时取样测定血清促性腺激素含量,证明大鳍Ｈｕ促性腺激素的释放同时受到下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素和多巴胺的双重调节。但是,多巴胺只能抑制由促性腺激素释放激素诱     

Sexual Differentiation of Gonadotropin Patterns

The original experiments, done by Witschi and his associates,on sexual differentiation of pituitary gonadotropins weie interpietedas demonstrating the contrasting effects of testes on the subsequentoutput of luteimzing hormone (LH) and interstitial cell stimulatinghormone (ICSH). The subsequent demonstration that these twohormones were identical has led to a theory that testes alterthe hypothala mic centeis which control the cyclic release ofLH "Masculinization of the female hypothalamic pituitary axishas been claimed following neonatal treatment with steroids".However, true sex reversal of gonadotiopin patterns has neitherbeen demon stiated, the male pattern has not yet been clearlydenned Consistent high levels of blood and pituitary folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) appear to be at least two characteristicsof the male pattern, and neither can be induced in lemales byneonatal treatment with testosterone propionate. Furthermore,castration of males at bnth with concomitant ovanan implinldtion,does not appear to remove the male pattern of high FSH. Consideringthat we understand so little regarding gonadotropin patternsin males, we cannot assume that this pattern can be inducedsimply by pie or postnatal steroid trealment. Considerably moredata on the positive and negative feedback effects of steroids,and steroid combinations, on TSH, LH, and piolictin in bothmales and females, will be requned before a meaningful conceptof sexual differentiation cin be formulated     

鱼类促性腺激素受体研究进展

促性腺激素FSH/LH在脊椎动物的生殖调控中占据中心地位,其生理功能主要通过其特异性受体FSH-R/LH-R所介导.研究表明,鱼类FSH-R和LH-R主要在性腺表达,也在脑、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏等部位表达,主要调控生殖细胞的成熟和最后的排卵及排精.     

Gonadotropin and subunit conformation.

Circular dichroic spectra have been obtained and resolved for the gonadotropins, ovine pituitary luteinizing hormone and human chorionic (urinary) gonadotropin, their subunits and glycopeptides. Much of the gonadotropin ellipticity above 250 nm can be attributed to the disulfide chromophore, although there are discernible contributions from tyrosyl and phenylalanyl residues as well. Of the two dissimilar subunits, the β-subunit makes the greatest contribution to the near-ultraviolet circular dichroic spectrum of the gonadotropins. From the position of the 0-0 tyrosyl band, i.e., 286–287 nm, one can ascertain that at least some of the tyrosyl residues of the gonadotropins are located in a hydrophobic environment. A positive circular dichroic extremum at 232.5 nm, present in luteinizing hormone but not in chorionic gonadotropin, can be ascribed to the α-subunit and probably results from tyrosines 21 and/or 30 in luteinizing hormone.An analysis of the circular dichroic difference spectrum above 230 nm, generated by subtracting the sum of the molecular ellipticities of the respective subunits from the molecular ellipticities of each gonadotropin, indicates that the local environment of disulfides and of tyrosyl residues is altered when gonadotropins dissociate. Circular dichroic difference spectra between the two α-subunits and between the two β-subunits indicated major contributions from- tyrosyl residues, presumably arising from tyrosyl substitutions.Between 200 and 230 nm, both gonadotropins exhibit negative circular dichroic extrema. The extremum occurs at 210 nm for luteinizing hormone and at 207.5 nm for chorionic gonadotropin. Each extremum can be described by two negative resolved bands, one at 215 nm and the other between 207 and 208.5 nm. The 215-nm resolved band is assigned to the peptide chromophore in a β-pleated sheet conformation and there is no evidence of α-helicity. The lower-wavelength resolved band is believed to have a significant contribution from the N-acetyl groups of glucosamine, galactosamine, and sialic acid, particularly since the glycopeptide fractions, prepared from each gonadotropin by digestion of the S-carboxymethyl derivatives with Pronase, exhibited a negative circular dichroic extremum at about 207 nm.The extent of β-structure in both gonadotropins is estimated to be about 28% whereas the separated subunits contain less β-structure, e.g., about 21 and 13% for the α- and β-subunits, respectively. The sum of the subunit β-structure, corrected for the respective molecular weight of each subunit, is about 17%. This is substantially less than that of the native hormone, thus indicating that significant conformational changes occur during gonadotropin dissociation to the biologically inactive subunits. Also, part of the gonadotropin β-structure may arise from intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving a pleated sheet arrangement between the subunits.