Acute Myocardial Infarction: Home and Hospital Treatment

This is a preliminary report of a co-operative study of 1,203 episodes of acute myocardial infarction in men under 70 years in four centres in the south west of England. The mortality at 28 days was 15%. A comparison is made between home care by the family doctor and hospital treatment initially in an intensive care unit: 343 cases were allocated at random. The randomized groups do not differ significantly in composition with respect to age; past history of angina, infarction, or hypertension; or hypotension when first examined. The mortality rates of the random groups are similar for home and hospital treatment. The group sent electively to hospital contained a higher proportion of initially hypotensive patients whose prognosis was bad wherever treated; those who were not hypotensive fared rather worse in hospital.For some patients with acute myocardial infarction seen by their general practitioner home care is ethically justified, and the need for general admission to hospital should be reconsidered.     

心内膜下心肌梗死的常见误诊病例浅析

目的：探讨心内膜下心肌梗死的常见误诊原因及对策。方法：回顾性分析9例心内膜下心肌梗死患者的病历资料。包括病史、系统体格检查,ECG、心肌酶谱、胸片、超声心动图检查等。结果：9例心内膜下心肌梗死患者均有临床症状、ECG及心肌酶学指标的动态变化,诊断明确,以冠状动脉病变为其主要病因,在此基础上由其他因素诱导发病。结论：临床医师对心内膜下心肌梗死认识不足、对ECG和心肌酶谱的特异性动态改变耒充分认识,是导致误诊的主要原因,建议详细询问病史、系统体格检查及辅助检查,综合判断明确诊断。     

Depression and Anxiety after Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary PCI

AimsThe main objective of the study was to find out prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in the population of patients with AMI with ST-segment elevation (STEMI), treated with primary PCI (pPCI). Secondary target indicators included the incidence of sleep disorders and loss of interest in sex.ConclusionsPatients with STEMI treated by primary PCI have relatively low overall prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety. A significant decrease in mental stress was observed before discharge from the hospital, but in a period of one year after pPCI, prevalence of both symptoms was gradually increasing, which should be given medical attention.     

Autonomic Disturbance at Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Of 74 patients seen within 30 minutes of the onset of acute myocardial infarction 68 (92%) had signs of autonomic imbalance. Excessive vagal activity was evident in 41 (55%) and there was sympathetic overactivity in 27 (36%). The high incidence of sudden death in the acute phase of a coronary attack probably results from the electrical imbalance caused by autonomic disturbance. This disturbance must therefore be taken into account in any prophylactic regimen against the lethal early ventricular dysrhythmias.     

63例非典型急性下壁心肌梗死临床分析

目的：研究评价各种常见诱因对急性下壁心肌梗死（IAMI）患者误诊判断的临床意义。方法：选择2002年1月-2009年12月我院急门诊IAMI患者63例,对其首发症状、心电图资料进行回顾性分析。结果：63例中,以头晕乏力首诊19例（30．16％）,以晕厥首诊11例（17．46％）,以上腹痛伴恶心呕吐,偶腹泻首诊13例（20．63％）,以咽痛或牙痛首诊10例（15．87％）,以呼吸困难首诊8例（12．70％）,以左心衰竭首诊2例（3．17％）。结论：对急性下壁心肌梗死患者,常规心电图检查是必要的。再结合心肌坏死生化标志物指标,早诊断,早治疗。     

63例非典型急性下壁心肌梗死临床分析

目的:研究评价各种常见诱因对急性下壁心肌梗死(IAMI)患者误诊判断的临床意义。方法:选择2002年1月～2009年12月我院急门诊IAMI患者63例,对其首发症状、心电图资料进行回顾性分析。结果:63例中,以头晕乏力首诊19例(30.16%),以晕厥首诊11例(17.46%),以上腹痛伴恶心呕吐,偶腹泻首诊13例(20.63%),以咽痛或牙痛首诊10例(15.87%),以呼吸困难首诊8例(12.70%),以左心衰竭首诊2例(3.17%)。结论:对急性下壁心肌梗死患者,常规心电图检查是必要的。再结合心肌坏死生化标志物指标,早诊断,早治疗。     

降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死29例临床分析

目的 评价降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死的确切疗效。方法 应用前瞻性随机双盲对照试验方法。以神经功能缺失评分,日常生活功能状态评分,血纤维蛋白原等为指标,评价降纤酶的疗效。结果 降纤酶治疗组显著改善了神经功能缺失,降低了评分,提高了日常生活状态,降低了血纤维蛋白原水平。结论 降纤酶可能通过降低血纤维蛋白原水平,从而保护缺血神经地,改善脑供血和神经功能状态,对急性脑梗死具有确切的疗效。     

Leukocyte Activity in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Anakinra

Anakinra, the recombinant form of the human interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, blunts the acute systemic inflammatory response in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), by determining a fall in peripheral blood leukocyte and plasma C-reactive protein levels. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of anakinra on the activity of leukocytes measured ex vivo. Blood was collected 72 h after admission in 17 patients enrolled in the Virginia Commonwealth University - Anakirna Remodeling Trial (2) (VCU-ART2) and randomly treated with anakinra (N = 7) or placebo (N = 10). Whole blood was cultured at 37°C for 24 h to measure spontaneous production of IL-6 or stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 or heat-killed Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) for TLR-2 activation. The cultures of anakinra-treated patients produced significantly less IL-6 spontaneously (71 pg/mL [27–114]) compared with placebo-treated patients (290 pg/mL [211–617], p = 0.005). LPS- or SE-induced IL-6 production, on the other hand, was not statistically different between anakinra-versus placebo-treated patients (344 pg/mL [94–560] versus 370 pg/mL [306–991], p = 0.32 for LPS, and 484 pg/mL [77–612] versus 615 pg/mL [413–871], p = 0.31 for SE, respectively). IL-1 blockade with anakinra in STEMI patients results in reduced spontaneous leukocyte activity ex vivo without impairing the responsiveness to bacterial stimuli.     

Advanced Heart Block During Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with an Electrode Pacing Catheter

The mortality rate is high from advanced atrioventricular block associated with acute myocardial infarction. There is reason to believe that if in these patients the hearts are electrically paced with an endocardial pacing catheter, the mortality rate can be considerably decreased. Five patients in second- and third-degree heart block associated with acute myocardial infarction were paced with a considerable lowering of the expected mortality rate. Twenty-three cases from the literature are also presented and discussed. A silastic bipolar electrode catheter was used in these five cases. Four of the five cases returned to normal sinus rhythm within the first 10 days. The average duration of pacing was 6.7 days. It is the opinion of the author that second- and third-degree heart block associated with acute myocardial infarction should have a pacing catheter introduced at the earliest possible moment for continuous or demand endocardial pacing.     

50例生脉注射液治疗心肌梗塞合并高脂血症临床分析

目的:分析生脉注射液对心肌梗塞合并高脂血症患者的影响.方法:50例心肌梗塞合并高脂血症患者分为生脉治疗组和对照组,测定左心室射血分数(LVEF),检测血清肌磷酸激酶(CK)、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量.结果:治疗2周后,与对照组相比,生脉治疗组患者的LVEF升高(P＜0.05),而两组患者的TC、TG、LDL-C无明显差别(P＞0.05);24h后患者心肌酶学检测结果显示,与对照组相比,生脉治疗组患者的CK、CK-MB、LDH降低(P＜0.05).结论:生脉注射液能通过提高心肌梗塞合并高脂血症患者的LVEF,降低血清CK、CK-MB、LDH.改善心肌功能,而对血脂无明显影响.