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1.
Lipid composition and hydrocarbon structure of two colonial green algae of the genus Botryococcus, i.e., a museum strain and a field sample collected for the first time from Lake Shira (Khakasia, Siberia), have been compared. Polar lipids, diacylglycerols, alcohols, triacylglycerols, sterols, sterol esters, free fatty acids and hydrocarbons have been identified among lipids in the laboratory culture. The dominant fraction in the museum strain was formed by polar lipids (up to 50% of the lipids) made up of fatty acids from C12 to C24. Palmitic, oleic, C16 - C18 dienoic and trienoic acids were the main fatty acids of the museum strain. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were found in the lipid of the museum strain. However, these amounted maximally to about 1% of the dry biomass at the end of exponential growth phase. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of FAs and hydrocarbons of the museum strain of Botryococcus, (registered at the Cambridge collection as Botryococcus braunii Kutz No LB 807/1 Droop 1950 H-252) differed from those of the Botryococcus strain described in the literature as Botryococcus braunii. The Botryococcus sp. found in Lake Shira is characterized by a higher lipid content (<40% of the dry weight). Polar lipids, sterols, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids and hydrocarbons have been identified among lipids in the field sample. The main lipids in this sample were dienes and trienes (hydrocarbons <60% of total lipid). Monounsaturated and very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids, including C28:1 and C32:1 acids, were identified in the Botryococcus found in Lake Shira. The chemo-taxonomic criteria allow us to unequivocally characterize the organism collected from Lake Shira as Botryococcus braunii, race A. 相似文献
2.
An unusual polar lipid was isolated from the red alga Gracilaria verrucosa. Inositol, sphingosine bases, fatty acids, and phosphate were identified by GC and GC-MS analysis among the products of its acid methanolysis. On the basis of the lipid composition, chromatographic behavior, chemical properties, and mass spectra, the inositol phosphoceramide structure was proposed for this lipid. Similar lipids were previously found only in fungi and some protozoa. 相似文献
3.
Rosangela Ma A. de Soares Jayme Angluster Wanderley de Souza Celuta S. Alviano 《Mycopathologia》1995,132(2):71-77
The carbohydrate and lipid components of mycelium and conidia ofFonsecaea pedrosoi (Brumpt) were analysed by paper, thin-layer and gas-chromatography, mass spectrometry and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Glucose, mannose, galactofuranose, rhamnose and glucosamine were polysaccharide components identified inF. pedrosoi. Significant changes in the carbohydrate pattern occurred during the conversion of mycelium into conidia. Rhamnose was predominant in conidia whereas galactose was prominent in mycelium. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids were the fatty acids identified in the total lipid fraction. Palmitic and oleic acids were major fatty acids. Marked alterations in the fatty acid constituents were observed between the cell types ofF. pedrosoi. Arachidonic acid was detected only in conidia and linoleic acid was preferentially identified in mycelium. Differences in the sterol composition was also associated with morphogenesis inF. pedrosoi. Two main sterols, ergosterol and another less polar sterol, not fully characterized, were found in mycelium whereas in conidia only the latter sterol was present. 相似文献
4.
A study to assess which environmental or developmental factors predominate in the biosynthesis of lipids of Laminaria japonica Aresch. blades was undertaken by means of 14C-labelling technique. In experiment 1, kelp blades at different growth stages were collected in different cultural seasons. In experiment 2, kelp blades of different sizes and maturity cultured simultaneously for two months in the same sea area were collected at the same time.The following results were obtained. In experiment 1, the 14C-incorporation into whole lipids was lowest in juvenile blades collected at the end of autumn and highest in blades of middle size collected in winter. However, the highest counts were incorporated in PC among complex lipid classes from all size classes of blades in both experiments 1 and 2. In experiment 2, 14C-incorporation patterns of individual lipid classes were characteristically different depending on the sizes of blades even under the same cultural condition. Thus, the biosynthesis of lipids in this kelp seems to be affected essentially by developmental factors.Abbreviation Comp. lip.
complex lipid
- FA
non-esterified fatty acids
- Fucost
fucosterol
- DG
diacylglycerol
- DGDG
digalactosyldiacylglycerol
- MG
monoacylglycerol
- MGDG
monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
- NL
neutral lipids
- PC
phosphatidylcholine
- PE
phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG
phosphatidylglycerol
- PI
phosphatidyl inositol
- PS
phosphatidylserine
- SQDG
sulphoquinovosyldiacyl glycerol
- TG
triacylglycerol 相似文献
5.
Piero Pollesello Renato Toffanin Erminio Murano Sergio Paoletti Roberto Rizzo Bjarne J. Kvam 《Journal of applied phycology》1992,4(4):315-322
One- and two-dimensional1H- and13C-NMR spectra of lipid extracts fromUlva rigida, Gracilaria longa, Fucus virsoides andCodium tomentosum collected in the northern Adriatic Sea allowed screening of the content of fatty acid chains, carotenoids, free and acylated cholesterol and chlorophylls. The carotenoid-to-polyunsaturated fatty acid molar ratio was taken as a comparison parameter in samples ofUlva rigida collected in differentloci and seasons; the value was markedly higher in samples from the Lagoon of Venice than from marine coastal waters. The total cholesterol concentration was evaluated by1H-NMR spectroscopy and similar values were found for all species. Two-dimensional heterocorrelated NMR spectroscopy was shown to give characteristic fingerprints of the lipid extracts from algal samples as regards the content in chlorophylls, unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids.author for correspondence 相似文献
6.
Specimens of the deep-sea benthic shrimp Nematocarcinus gracilis were collected from 900 m to 1000 m in the Arabian Sea, close to where the permanent oxygen minimum zone meets the sea floor. Lipid profiles, encompassing total lipid, lipid class and fatty acid composition, were compared with previously reported crustacean lipid assays and provided an insight into the life history of the species. The major storage lipid in N. gracilis was triglyceride, supporting the supposition that this species exists in benthic regions. Neutral lipid levels were commensurate with N. gracilis being an opportunistic feeder. Fatty acid composition was typical of an organism with a diet based on an ultimately photosynthetic source of organic carbon, but also reflected the reduction in the availability of labile organic carbon (in the case of lipid, highly unsaturated fatty acids) in the deep sea. 相似文献
7.
The fatty acid composition of the biotrophic white rust species A. amaranthi, A. candida and A. tragopogonis was identified by means of GC and GC/MS analysis. Besides the common saturated fatty acids of C14 to C22 chain length, several
unusual monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were present in significant amounts in the lipid profiles of the three
species. Each taxon revealed its own characteristic pattern which was uniform among populations of different geographic origin
and independent from the host species. Fatty acids were obtained from minute amounts of sporangia collected from the surface
of desiccated host plants. Comparison of herbarium specimens revealed a decrease of polyunsaturated compounds after storage
for 30 months at room temperature, but still allowed unquestionable species differentiation. 相似文献
8.
Karine PEDNEAULT Paul ANGERS Andr GOSSELIN Russell J. TWEDDELL 《Mycological Research》2006,110(10):1179-1183
The non-polar lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of 11 mushroom species of the family Boletaceae were determined. The non-polar lipid content ranged from 2.0 (Leccinum aurantiacum and Boletus erythropus) to 5.4 % (w/w) d.w. (Suillus grevillei) with an average value of 2.9 %. More than 25 different FAs were found in the mushroom lipids. Unsaturated FAs, mainly linoleic and oleic acids, accounted for about 83 % of the total FAs, while palmitic acid was the main saturated FA. Some FAs are identified for the first time in Boletaceae and in higher Basidiomycetes (cis-11,12-methyleneoctadecanoic acid, 7-cis,10-cis hexadecadienoic) or in fungi (cis-11,12-methyleneoctadecanoic acid). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the contents of specific FAs between mushroom species. 相似文献
9.
A ninhydrin-positive, phosphorus-negative lipid from Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 13543 has been isolated and purified by mild alkaline methanolysis followed by silicic acid column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The lipid was identified as an ornithine-containing lipid. The major ester-linked fatty acid was cis vaccenic acid. Major amide-linked fatty acids were 3-OH-20:1 and 3-OH-18:0. Ornithine-containing lipid was a major lipid component of P. denitrificans. Phospholipids made up about 57% and ornithine-containing lipid about 14% of the weight of the total lipid of the organism. The ratios of lipid ornithine: lipid phosphorus were 0.23, 0.65 and 0.58 in cytoplasmic membrane, outer membrane, and an NaCl extract, which is thought to represent chiefly outer membrane, respectively. Thus ornithine-containing lipid appears to be present in larger amounts in outer membrane than cytoplasmic membrane. No substantial variations in lipid ornithine levels were noted in stationary phase versus exposnential phase organisms, organisms grown in complex medium versus organisms grown in minimal medium with and without amino acid supplements, or in organisms grown in low phosphate-containing medium.Non standard abbreviations TLC
thin-layer chromatography
- Tris-HCl
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride
- TMS
trimethylsilyl
- TFA
triluoroacetyl
- NPPN
ninhydrin-positive, phosphorus-negative
- ECL
equivalent chain length 相似文献
10.
Margaret V. Merritt Sarah P. Rosenstein Christine Loh Rachel Hsui-sui Chou Mary M. Allen 《Archives of microbiology》1991,155(2):107-113
The fatty acid composition of two motile (strains WH 8113 and WH 8103) and one nonmotile (strain WH 7803) marine cyanobacteria has been determined and compared with two freshwater unicellular Synechocystis species (strain PCC 6308 and PCC 6803). The fatty acid composition of lipid extracts of isolated membranes from Synechocystis PCC 6803 was found to be identical to that of whole cells. All the marine strains contained myristic acid (14:0) as the major fatty acid, with only traces of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This composition is similar to Synechocystis PCC 6308. The major lipid classes of the nonmotile marine strain were identified as digalactosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, identical to those found in other cyanobacteria.Abbreviations DGDG
Digalactosyl diacylglycerol
- MGDG
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
- PG
Phosphatidylglycerol
- SGDG
sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol
- gc
gas chromatography
- ms
mass spectrometry 相似文献
11.
Bankova Vassya Stefanov Kamen Dimitrova-Konaklieva St. Keremedchieva Gergana Frette Xavie Nikolova Christina Kujumgiev Atanas Popov Simeon 《Hydrobiologia》2001,457(1-3):199-203
Sterols, volatiles and lipid fatty acids were analysed in the fresh-water alga Chara globularis. Five sterols, two of them new for the genus, were identified, together with 12 fatty acids from lipids. The volatiles appeared to form a complex mixture, containing mainly acids (part of them chlorinated), terpenoids, ketones, hydrocarbons, etc. No flavonoids have been found. Antibacterial activity of extracts has been tested, unpolar extracts showed moderate activity. 相似文献
12.
Precise structural identification of photosynthetic polar glycerolipids in microalga Tetraselmis chuii has been established using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray ionization-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass
Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) by direct analysis of the total lipids extract. The mass spectrometry was performed in reflective
time-of-flight using electron spraying ionization in both positive and negative modes. The structural determination was based
on the characteristic product ions yielded by different glycerolipids under ESI-MS/MS mode, and confirmed the molecular species
by the carboxylate anions produced by glycerolipids in the negative mode. As a result, more than 40 lipid molecular species,
including 11 monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), 7 digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG), 16 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols
(SQDG), and 9 phosphatidylglycerols (PG), were detected in Tetraselmis chuii, which had never been identified before in this microalga. Furthermore, some intact lipid molecules with hydroxylated fatty
acids that could not be detected by the traditional GC-MS method were found this time, providing novel information for the
photosynthetic lipidome of Tetraselmis chuii. Comparative studies on fatty acids at the sn-2 position showed that SQDG and MGDG are dominantly biosynthesized through the prokaryotic pathway, PG is a typically mixed
biosynthetic pathway, while DGDG is somewhat peculiar with C14:0 and C16:0 at its sn-2 position. This method could provide a full structural profile of intact photosynthetic lipid molecular species, which may
be applied to study the physiological and ecological functions of lipid by monitoring their individual changes.
Supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities (PCSIRT) (Grant No. IRT0734),
Project of National Ocean Bureau (Grant No. 200805067), Project of Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2007BAD43B09),
and K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University 相似文献
13.
Masaru Matsumoto 《Mycoscience》2005,46(5):319-324
Previous research has demonstrated that whole cellular fatty acids analysis is a useful tool for identifying and establishing
taxonomic relationships between anastomosis groups (AGs) and related Rhizoctonia isolates. In this experiment, the composition of fatty acid of 28 isolates of teleomorph genus Ceratobasidium cornigerum, consisting of binucleate Rhizoctonia, AG-A, AG-B(o), AG-C, AG-P, and AG-Q, was evaluated using gas chromatography. Eleven fatty acids identified, i.e., myristic,
pentadecanoic, palmitic, 2-hydroxypalmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, 9-heptadecenoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic
acids, were present in isolates of AG-A, AG-B(o), AG-C, AG-P, and AG-Q. The major fatty acids, palmitic, oleic, and linoleic
acids, were common in all isolates, constituting 87.1% to 94.7% of the whole cellular fatty acids identified. Isolates within
the same AG were closely clustered, whereas isolates from different AGs were clearly and distinctly clustered based on average
linkage cluster analysis of whole cellular fatty acids. Principal-component analysis generated from all fatty acids also confirmed
the divergent separation of the 5 AGs of binucleate Rhizoctonia. 相似文献
14.
J. A. Zygadlo R. E. Abburra D. M. Maestri C. A. Guzman 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1992,179(1-2):89-93
The alkane and fatty acid composition of the lipid extracts from leaves of 14 populations ofCondalia: C. microphylla f.xanthocarpa, C. microphylla f.erythrocarpa, C. microphylla f.melanocarpa, C. montana, andC. buxifolia, were determined by gas chromatography. Seventeen alkanes and 14 fatty acids were investigated and a predominance of nonacosane, hentriacontane, palmitic and linoleic acids in all species was found. 相似文献
15.
Exceptional long-term starvation ability and sites of lipid storage of the Arctic pteropod <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clione limacina</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Arctic pteropod Clione limacina was collected in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, in mid June 2004, to study the lipid metabolism within the sites of lipid storage
structures during long-term starvation. Animals survived in an aquarium without any food for nearly 1 year (356 days). Size,
number of lipid droplets, dry and lipid mass, lipid class and fatty acid compositions of C. limacina were determined and separately analysed for the digestive gland and the remaining integument. During the starvation period,
animals shrunk from 22.4 to 12 mm in length on average, and the number of lipid droplets decreased from 1,600 to 1,000 per
animal. Dry mass (DM) and total lipid mass both dropped by about 80% from day 200 to the end. The lipid content as percentage
DM of the total organism did not decrease significantly ranging from 43.8 to 32.3%DM. The lipid content of the trunk was moderate
with about 20%DM. The digestive gland was very rich in lipids with more than 70%DM throughout the experiment and is the major
site of lipid metabolism and storage. Triacylglycerols (TAG) decreased, in the total organism, from high initial levels of
62.6 to 43% of total lipid at the end. In contrast, the proportions of 1-O-alkyldiacylglycerols [diacylglycerol ethers (DAGE)] remained almost constant, varying between 20.4 and 28.4%. In the digestive
gland, TAG ranged from 60.3 to 64.8% and DAGE from 23.6 to 32.2% from day 200 to the end of the experiment. TAG and DAGE of
the trunk were most likely located in the lipid droplets and were almost depleted at the end of starvation. Besides their
function as lipid deposit DAGE may also act as protecting substance against bacterial and fungal infections. During the first
200 days of starvation, the fatty acid compositions showed only small variations. Thereafter, fatty acids typical for storage
lipids decreased in all body compartments. In adaptation to long periods of food scarcity, C. limacina has evolved various strategies as body shrinkage, utilisation of body constituents not essential for survival, a very low
metabolism and slow lipid consumption. 相似文献
16.
Hai-Linh Tran Seong-Joo Hong Choul-Gyun Lee 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2009,14(2):187-192
Microalgae are a very diverse group of organisms that consist in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms. Some species of microalgae
can be induced to overproduce particular fatty acids through simple manipulations of the physical and chemical properties
of the culture medium. In this paper, the effect of different extraction techniques on the recovery of fatty acids from the
freeze-dried biomass from two lipid-producing microalgal strains: Botryococcus braunii LB 572 (green algae) and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (cyanobacteria) was examined. Five procedures were used: after conversion of the lipid material into the corresponding
fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) via suitable derivatization reactions (extraction-transesterification) and direct transesterification of biomass to produce FAMEs
(without the initial extraction step) that used differential types of catalysts and processing conditions. This study has
shown that procedure 3, a one step practical procedure for lipid extraction and in situ methyl ester derivation could be used successfully for the determination of the fatty acid compositions of microalgae and
cyanobacteria. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of dioic, hydroxy, branched, and unsaturated fatty acids in cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon growing in different freshwater lakes has been studied. Unusual dicarboxylic (from 4.52 to 7.14%) and other fatty acids were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 相似文献
18.
Nechev J Stefanov K Nedelcheva D Popov S 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2007,146(4):568-575
The compositions of the volatile and polar fractions from two coexisting Black Sea invertebrates, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the beadlet anemone Actinia equina, were established. The main metabolites in the volatile fraction from the investigated animals appeared to be methyl esters of fatty acids and fatty aldehydes. In the polar fraction from both animals low concentrations of free acids and nitrogen-containing compounds were obtained. Free carbohydrates were in much higher concentrations in M. galloprovincialis than in A. equina. Some sterols, probably as polar conjugates, were identified mainly in A. equina. Significant changes among all compounds appeared after treatment of both invertebrates with two different concentrations of cobalt ions. The variety of changes in each invertebrate could be due to their different evolutionary status. The effect of cobalt ions was often stronger at medium cobalt-ion concentrations. 相似文献
19.
The lipopolysaccharide of Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata was obtained by the phenol-water procedure. It contained a 3-O-methyl-hexose, glucose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids. The finding of d-glycero-d-mannoheptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (tentatively identified) suggested a core-structure. The lipid fraction of the lipopolysaccharide contained phosphate and both, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose and d-glucosamine. The major fatty acids were amine-bound 3-OH-10:0 and 3-OH-12:0 and esterbound 14:0 and 16:0 Sodium deoxycholate gel-electrophoresis, showing a single band only, indicated R-type character of the lipopolysaccharide of Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata.Abbreviations DOC
sodium deoxycholate
- GC/MS
combined gasliquid chromatography
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis 相似文献
20.
Comparative study about the salt-induced oxidative stress and lipid composition has been realised in primary root tissues
for two varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) in order to evaluate their responses to salt stress. The root growth, root water content (WC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, lipid peroxidation, membrane stability index and the changes in the profile of fatty acids composition were
investigated. Salinity impacts in term of root growth, water content, H2O2 generation, lipid peroxidation and membrane destabilisation were more pronounced in primary roots of Aristo than in those of Arper indicating more sensitivity of the first variety. It was confirmed by gas chromatography that the composition of fatty acids
in roots of both varieties was constituted mainly by 16:0 and 18:0 as major saturated fatty acids and 18:1ω9, 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3
as major unsaturated fatty acids. Total lipid extracts from the roots of both varieties showed that the lipid saturation level
increased under salt stress, notwithstanding the increased proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The changes in lipid
saturation being predominantly due to decreases in oleic acid (18:1ω9) and increases in palmitic acid (16:0). However, Arper root extracts contained a lower proportion of saturated lipids than Aristo. The enhanced proportion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids especially linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids was considered
to be the characteristic of the relatively salt tolerance in Arper roots. 相似文献