卷叶木灵藓Orthotrichum revolutum(Orthotrichaceae,Bryophyta)，一个中国特有藓类在123年之后的重新发现（英文）

卷叶木灵藓(Orthotrichum revolutum)是一种中国特有藓类植物,自从123年前的首次采集之后再也没有被发现过。本文增加了一个新地点,即北京百花山自然保护区。这份标本在形态上与模式十分一致。本文第一次提供了卷叶木灵藓的详细的形态照片和地理分布图。四个来自中国甘肃、新疆以及境外日本和吉尔吉斯斯坦的记录都被证实是错误鉴定。我们还讨论了该种和邻近种的区别,以及野外濒危等级的重新评估。     

毛锦藓科中国新记录种——卷边麻锦藓

报道了产自广西的毛锦藓科1中国新记录种——卷边麻锦藓[Taxithelium kerianum(Broth.)Broth.],提供了该种详细的形态描述和图版,并编制了麻锦藓属的分种检索表,明确了卷边麻锦藓与中国分布的麻锦藓属其它种类之间的形态差别。该种主要分布在南亚及其附近地区,为典型的热带藓类。     

卷叶薄齿藓和北美赤藓形态特征及其地理新分布

通过对采自贵州省梵净山和内蒙古赛罕乌拉自然保护区的苔藓植物标本进行鉴定,发现了丛藓科的2个新分布种——卷叶薄齿藓(Leptodontium pungens)和北美赤藓(Syntrichia amphidiacea)。卷叶薄齿藓为中国新记录种,首次在中国贵州省梵净山发现,其主要特征为茎无中轴分化,具透明层,常分布于火山和温带高海拔地区。北美赤藓为内蒙古新分布种,发现于内蒙古赛罕乌拉自然保护区,其主要特征为叶腹面近叶尖处生有大量芽胞,成熟芽胞棕色,多细胞,圆柱状。本研究对卷叶薄齿藓和北美赤藓的形态特征和地理分布进行了具体描述,并提供了图版和分种检索表。     

毛尖连轴藓及其近缘种的比较形态学研究

连轴藓属(Schistidium Brid.)的毛尖连轴藓(S.lancifolium)、圆蒴连轴藓(S.apocarpum)和粗疣连轴藓(S.strictum)在内蒙古贺兰山和黑龙江五大连池均有分布,它们的形态特征较为相似,极易混淆,因此对其分类鉴定较困难。本文利用光学显微镜并结合Blom的形态学和Ignatova的分子系统学分类观点,对采自两个地区的3种连轴藓属植物标本进行了分类研究,并对它们的形态特征进行了详细描述。其形态特征是:圆蒴连轴藓叶中肋背部无疣或上部具分散低疣、叶缘上部微具钝齿,毛尖平滑或具小齿;毛尖连轴藓叶中肋背面中部以上具高疣、叶缘中上部具强烈不规则的齿或锯齿,毛尖具强烈刺状齿;粗疣连轴藓除叶中肋背部具疣外,叶片细胞也具疣。根据以上特征可以区别并确认这3个种是各自独立的种。在此基础上,根据Blom的分类观点,并参照相关文献编制了中国连轴藓属11个种的分种检索表。本研究进一步确认了毛尖连轴藓在中国的地理分布,丰富了中国连轴藓属的研究资料。     

刺藓科在贵州的发现

刺藓科 ( Rhachitheciaceae)为 Robinson1 964年从木灵藓科 ( Orthotrichaceae)中分出来的 1个小科。现知全世界有 7属和 1 5种 ,除刺藓 ( Rhachithecium purpusillum)外 ,均为热带 ,亚热带分布狭窄的属种 ,刺藓科在中国仅刺藓属 1种 ,分布于云南和四川。描述了首次采自贵州刺藓科的种类刺藓 ( Rhachithecium purpusillum)以及刺藓科的形态特征。     

来自四川贡嘎山的中国藓类植物新记录

报道了采自四川贡嘎山地区的3个藓类植物新记录种,包含尖叶梳藓（Ctenidium malacodes）、小卷叶藓（Ulota crispula）和居间卷叶藓（U. intermedia）。所有凭证标本均存放于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆（PE）。提供了详细的形态描述和图片,并讨论了它们与邻近种的主要区别。本次调查发现贡嘎山地区的苔藓植物多样性很高,非常值得继续深入地调查与研究。     

新疆阿尔泰山曲尾藓科2个中国新记录种

阿尔泰山是欧亚大陆最为宏伟的山脉之一,其中段的西南坡坐落于中国新疆境内,众多具温带性质的藓类植物分布于此。作者在对阿尔泰山进行苔藓植物区系调查过程中,发现了分布于阿尔泰山的喀纳斯自然保护区及布尔津县禾木乡的2个藓类植物中国新记录种——隶属曲尾藓科的短叶曲尾藓[Dicranum brevifolium(Lindb.)Lindb.]和卷叶小曲尾藓[Dicranella crispa(Hedw.)Schimp.]。由地理分布可知,短叶曲尾藓和卷叶小曲尾藓在中国皆为稀有种类。     

烟杆藓属及烟杆藓在中国的新记录

从形态学而论,烟杆藓属(Buxbaumia Hedw.)在苔藓植物中是一个独特的类型。该文简要介绍了烟杆藓属的历史和该属在中国的研究状况,以及该属的模式种烟杆藓首次在中国的发现。对烟杆藓在新疆的着生生境及群落状况做了详细介绍, 还就扫描电子显微镜观察烟杆藓的孢蒴、蒴齿和孢子形态、中国烟杆藓属分种检索表及属的系统关系进行观察和探讨。     

紫萼藓科植物一新种--曹氏紫萼藓北大核心CSCD

描述了新疆天山山脉紫萼藓科(Grimmiaceae)紫萼藓属(Grimmia)一新种——曹氏紫萼藓(Grimmia caotongiana D.P.Zhao,S.Mamtimin&S.He)。该新种与无齿紫萼藓(Grimmia anodon Bruch&Schimp.)最为相似,不同之处在于新种茎叶和雌苞叶均无白色毛尖,叶中部边缘背卷;近中肋细胞通常无色透明,且细胞壁比边缘细胞明显加厚。该研究对新种——曹氏紫萼藓进行了详细的特征描述,并提供了植物体形态显微解剖彩色照片以及相近种的分类学讨论。     

念珠丝瓜藓(缺齿藓科)形态特征及其在中国的新分布

通过对中国产丝瓜藓属Pohlia(缺齿藓科Mielichhoferiaceae)植物系统地分类学研究,对本属一具有假根生念珠状排列的芽胞的种——念珠丝瓜藓的形态解剖学特征和地理分布进行了修订,并讨论了念珠丝瓜藓的生境,以及与其相近种泛生丝瓜藓、明齿丝瓜藓和黄丝瓜藓等进行了比较分析。根据标本信息,确定念珠丝瓜藓在中国的分布由原来的5省区扩大到10省区,并绘制了该种在中国的分布图。     

Using elevated carbon dioxide to enhance copper accumulation in Pteridium revolutum, a copper-tolerant plant, under experimental conditions

In our survey in the copper (Cu) mining area of China, a sun fern (Pteridium revolutum) was found to accumulate 30-567 mg Cu kg(-1) DW (33 samples) in its fronds with a large frond biomass. Cu translocation factors in the plants varied from 0.09 to 3.88. In a greenhouse pot experiment, the effect of an elevated CO2 concentration (700 microL L(-1)) on Cu accumulation in plants was studied using three fern species (P. revolutum, Pteridium aquilinum, and Pteris vittata) grown in the Cu-contaminated soil. P. revolutum showed a higher Cu tolerance but its Cu translocation factor was lower than 1. At the elevated CO2 concentration, frond biomass of all species was significantly increased, as was the total Cu content in the fronds of P. revolutum and P. aquilinum. Our study suggests that P. revolutum could serve as a good candidate for phytoextraction of Cu-contaminated soils and that doubling the ambient CO2 concentration will facilitate its use in phytoextraction.     

Orthotrichum courtoisii(苔藓植物),丛生木灵藓的一个新异名

经过模式标本与普通标本的查检,确认华东木灵藓Orthotrichum courtoisii Broth．＆ Paris是丛生木灵藓D．consobrinum Card．的一个新异名;基于丛生木灵藓的模式标本,对该种进行了详细的描述,绘制了其详图。     

Orthotrichum patens Bruch & Brid. (Bryophyta,Orthotrichaceae) in Suffolk and Derbyshire,another epiphytic moss new to Britain

Orthotrichum patens is reported new to Britain from two sites in the counties of Suffolk and Derbyshire. Previous reports of this species in Britain are thought to be based on O. affine; they date from the nineteenth century at a time when the structure of the stomata was not recognised as significant. Orthotrichum patens is described and illustrated, and its diagnostic characters are discussed. Some comments are included on changes in the epiphytic bryophyte flora in Britain in recent decades.     

A peculiar new Orthotrichum species (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida) from central Argentina

A new epiphytic Orthotrichum species ( Orthotrichum spiculatum F. Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka sp. nov. ) is described from the sierra of Córdoba (Argentina). The new species has most of the characteristics of subgenus Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt, but it is unique because of having eight exostome teeth pairs and 16 broad, strongly papillose endostome segments. Additionally, its upper leaves have green, acuminate, dentate–spiculate apices.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 155 , 477–482.     

一种新发现的铜积累植物——密毛蕨

对铜尾矿上生长的密毛蕨(Petridium revolutum)进行了野外调查分析和温室营养液砂培实验.结果表明,密毛蕨所生长的废铜矿土壤中Cu含量平均为2 432 mg·kg^-1 DW,最高达7 554 mg·kg^-1 DW;地上部生物量平均为18.33 g·plant^-1 DW,最高达40.05 g·plant^-1 DW;地上部Cu含量平均为201 mg·kg^-1 DW,最高达567 mg·kg^-1 DW;地下部Cu含量平均为346 mg·kg^-1 DW,最高达1 723 mg kg^-1 DW;密毛蕨对Cu的转移系数平均为0.81,最高达3.88.在营养液砂培的条件下,Cu 7 mg·L^-1处理没有抑制密毛蕨地上部的生长;密毛蕨体内的Cu含量随着介质中Cu浓度的增加而显著增加,但是大部分的Cu积累在地下部.密毛蕨对Cu具有较强的忍耐和较高的积累能力,可作为修复Cu污染土壤的新材料.     

Humoral and cellular response to infection with Echinostoma revolutum in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus

Laboratory hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda). Immunoelectrophoretic studies of hamster serum showed no demonstrable antibody response to E. revolutum. Histopathologic examination of intestinal tissue of infected hamsters showed erosion of intestinal villi and lymphocytic infiltration as the primary host response. Spleens from infected hamsters were hyperplastic during the first 3 weeks of infection and atrophic from 4 to 8 weeks postinfection. Hamsters were unable to acquire a resistance to E. revolutum infection. Lack of resistance was demonstrated in hamsters where the parasite infection was no longer detected based on the absence of eggs in the faeces; these hamsters were then reinfected. Hamsters treated with the anthelmintic oxyclozanide were also reinfected with E. revolutum.     

Single and concurrent infections of the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, with Echinostoma revolutum and E. liei (Trematoda: Digenea)

Single or concurrent infections of the intestinal trematodes Echinostoma revolutum and E. liei were studied in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). In single infections, some hamsters were fed 25 +/- 5 metacercarial cysts and others 100 +/- 25 cysts of either E. revolutum or E. liei. In concurrent infections, hamsters were fed simultaneously 20 +/- 5 metacercarial cysts of E. revolutum and 20 +/- 5 cysts of E. liei or 100 +/- 25 cysts each of both trematodes. All hamsters exposed singly to E. revolutum or E. liei were infected. In concurrent infections, 9 of 10 hamsters were infected with both species of echinostomes, and the ratio of E. revolutum to E. liei was 3:1. In single infections, 80% of the E. liei and 60% of the E. revolutum were in the posterior third of the small intestine. In concurrent infections, 80% of the E. liei were in the posterior third and 57% of the E. revolutum in the middle third of the small intestine. The histopathological response of E. liei and E. revolutum in single and concurrent infections showed erosion of intestinal villi with lymphocytic infiltration as the primary response. Extraintestinal echinostomiasis occurred in 2 of the infection groups. Differences in hemoglobin and packed cell volume occurred in the different infection groups.     

Echinostoma revolutum: metacercariae in Filopaludina snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and adults from experimental hamsters

We detected metacercariae of Echinostoma revolutum in Filopaludina sp. snails purchased from a local market in Nam Dinh Province for the first time in Vietnam. Adult flukes were harvested from experimentally infected hamsters at days 14 and 17 post-infection. The metacercariae were round, 170-190 μm (n = 15) in diameter, with a cyst wall thickness of about 12 μm. A total of 37 collar spines were arranged around the head collar, and large excretory granules were seen in 2 canals of the excretory bladder. The 14-day old adult flukes were elongated, ventrally curved, and 5.0-7.2 × 0.8-1.3 mm (n = 20). The head collar had a total of 37 collar spines arranged in 2 alternating rows, including 5 corner spines on each side. The cirrus sac contained a saccular seminal vesicle, a prostatic gland, and an unarmed cirrus. Two tandem testes were smooth or slightly lobed. Eggs were ovoid to elliptical, 110-118 × 70-75 μm. These morphological characters were similar to those of E. revolutum and E. jurini. We tentatively identified it as E. revolutum because the validity of E. jurini remains to be elucidated. The taxonomic relationship of E. revolutum and E. jurini is discussed.     

Echinostoma revolutum and Echinoparyphium recurvatum recovered from house rats in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do

During an investigation on intestinal flukes of house rats in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do, a total of 6 species of trematodes belonging to 3 families; Echinostomatidae (Echinostoma hortense, E. cinetorchis, E. revolutum and Echinoparyphium recurvatum), Diplostomidae (Fibricola seoulensis) and Plagiorchiidae (Plagiorchis muris), were recovered from two adult rats. E. revolutum and E. recurvatum were new trematode faunae of rats in Korea. E. revolutum had an elongated body, 5.3-6.0 mm long and 1.0-1.3 mm wide. The total number of collar spines was 35-37 including 5 end group ones on each ventral corner. Its coiled uterus contained numerous eggs. E. recurvatum also had an elongated body, 3.5-4.7 mm long and 0.50-0.65 mm wide. It had total 45 collar spines including 4 end group ones. The uterus was short with only a few eggs. It has been first confirmed by this study that E. revolutum and E. recurvatum are indigenously distributed among house rats in Korea.