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2.
S. V. Mezhzherin S. V. Kokodii A. V. Kulish D. B. Verlatii L. V. Fedorenko 《Cytology and Genetics》2012,46(1):28-35
The hybridization of crucian carp Carassius carassius inhabiting polyspecific carp populations of Ukraine’s water bodies and the genetic structure of its hybrids were studied
using biochemical gene marking and cytometry procedures. The widespread hybridization between C. auratus and C. carassius was justified by a large number of hybrids, which could form populations only represented by hybrid specimens. The hybrids
of C. auratus × C. carassius were diploid, triploid, and, in exceptional cases, tetraploid. Females and males were presented in equal numbers and were
most likely breeding by hybridogenesis. Alongside with that, some clonal hybrids of C. carassius × C. gibelio-1 were represented by tetraploid females, and one triploid female of C. carassius × Tinca tinca was found. Arguments are presented in favour of hybridization of alien C. auratus and endemic C. carassius and that this hybridization may appear as one of the mechanisms of replacement and suppression of the C. carassius species. 相似文献
3.
One amphymictic diploid Carassius auratus, three apomictic triploids C. gibbelio, and a hybrid triploid Carassius auratus forms of goldfish were compared with respect to a set of characteristics of developmental stability: morphological variation,
fluctuating asymmetry, and phenodeviations. It was found that C. gibbelio forms are characterized by lower levels both of morphological variation and fluctuating symmetry and more rare morphological
abnormalties. A hybrid form Carassius auratus-gibelio was characterized by the intermediate values of the above-listed features. It is emphasized that phenotypic stabilization
of apomictic forms is caused by two factors: its clone structure and actual developmental canalization. It is specified that
promoted genetic homeostasis of the C. gibelio form does not give obvious adaptive advantages, as in the basic river basins of East and Central Europe. they are everywhere
ousted by an amphimictic C. auratus. 相似文献
4.
O. N. Zhigileva M. E. Kultysheva A. Yu. Svatov M. V. Urupina 《Biology Bulletin》2017,44(10):1278-1283
This paper presents data on the polymorphism of inter simple sequence repeats of DNA in the silver crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio in water bodies in the southern part of Western Siberia. The share of polymorphic ISSR-PCR bands in silver crucian carp populations from different lakes varied from 40 to 70%, and Nei’s gene diversity index varied from 0.16 to 0.25. The genetic diversity indices were lower in the populations that were largely represented by females than in bisexual ones. The highest levels of genetic polymorphism were revealed in populations with diploid–triploid complexes. The gene diversity index of the silver crucian carp population is positively correlated with the reservoir size (r = 0.90, p = 0.015; Rs = 0.74, p = 0.036). 相似文献
5.
D. A. Balashov A. V. Recoubratsky L. N. Duma E. V. Ivanekha V. V. Duma 《Russian Journal of Developmental Biology》2017,48(5):347-353
Fertility of backcross triploid hybrids containing one genome of Prussian carp and two genomes of common carp is investigated. The females of hybrids of Prussian carp and common carp (Prussian × common carp) are prolific and produce diploid gametes. Since males of such hybrids are sterile, their reproduction is realized by means of induced gynogenesis. Triploid progeny is obtained by backcrossing female Prussian × common carp with carp males. Among triploids obtained from hybrids F1 and among hybrids of the first gynogenetic generation, there were no prolific specimens. However, in reproduction of diploid hybrids by means of gynogenesis during six generations, the female fertility in the backcross progeny is restored. From backcross triploid females (daughters of Prussian × common carp of the sixth gynogenetic generation), a viable triploid gynogenetic progeny and a tetraploid backcross (by carp) progeny are obtained. The obtained data may be considered as the experimental proof of the hypothesis of reticular speciation. 相似文献
6.
Hypoxia tolerance of diploid gynogenetic and triploid backcross hybrids between golden carp Carassius auratus and carp Cyprinus carpio was investigated in comparison with carp. The more that heredity of golden carp was in their genotype, the better the hybrids
survived under hypoxia conditions. 相似文献
7.
D. N. Malysheva V. I. Korchagin O. N. Tokarskaya A. P. Ryskov 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2012,48(3):268-275
In the genome of unisexual (parthenogenetic) lizard Darevskia armeniaca, highly variable locus Du161 (arm) was discovered. Analysis of allelic polymorphism was carried out using locus-specific PCR of the lizard DNA specimens from
13 isolated Armenian populations (N = 138). In the sample examined, a total of 12 Du161(arm) alleles were identified, and their differences at the level of primary DNA structure were determined. Sequence analysis of
the Du161(arm) alleles showed that their microsatellite clusters contained repeats of one type (GATA repeats). Allelic Du161(arm) variants differed in the number of GATA monomers in microsatellite, point mutations of transition and transversion types,
located at fixed distances from micro-satellite cluster, and by single nucleotide insertions, as well as by longer insertions
located within and outside of the microsatellite cluster. Moreover, point mutations formed different combinations (haplotypes),
typical of certain alleles. These combinations can be used for the analysis of the origin and inheritance of these alleles
in D. armeniaca, as well as for investigation of their interspecific variation in the representatives of the genus Darevskia. 相似文献
8.
Two exotic fishes, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), were introduced more than 20 years ago into Xochimilco for aquaculture, and now dominate the system in terms of biomass
and numbers. Over this same period, wild populations of the microendemic axolotl salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum) have been dramatically reduced, and it currently persists in isolated areas of this aquatic system, which is situated at
the edge of Mexico City. In this study, we examine potential trophic interactions and niche overlap among two exotic fishes:
carp and tilapia, and the native axolotl. Axolotl had more diverse diets and a higher trophic position compared to the exotics.
Stable isotope analysis revealed substantial trophic niche overlap among axolotl and the exotics. The two exotics occupied
a larger niche area than the axolotl, suggesting higher levels of omnivory and diet specialization. Current exotic fish removal
efforts will further our understanding of interactions between the axolotl and exotic species, and are expected to benefit
axolotl recovery efforts. 相似文献
9.
Si-Fa Li Jia-Wei Xu Qi-Ling Yang Cheng-Hui Wang Duane C. Chapman Guoqing Lu 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2011,92(4):503-511
Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cyprinidae) is native to China and has been introduced to over 80 countries. The extent of genetic diversity in introduced
silver carp and the genetic divergence between introduced and native populations remain largely unknown. In this study, 241
silver carp sampled from three major native rivers and two non-native rivers (Mississippi River and Danube River) were analyzed
using nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial COI gene and D-loop region. A total of 73 haplotypes were observed, with no haplotype
found common to all the five populations and eight haplotypes shared by two to four populations. As compared with introduced
populations, all native populations possess both higher haplotype diversity and higher nucleotide diversity, presumably a
result of the founder effect. Significant genetic differentiation was revealed between native and introduced populations as
well as among five sampled populations, suggesting strong selection pressures might have occurred in introduced populations.
Collectively, this study not only provides baseline information for sustainable use of silver carp in their native country
(i.e., China), but also offers first-hand genetic data for the control of silver carp in countries (e.g., the United States)
where they are considered invasive. 相似文献
10.
Vl. A. Brykov O. V. Apalikova M. G. Eliseikina M. Yu. Kovalev 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2005,41(6):659-663
Variation of two mtDNA fragments amplified in polymerase chain reaction was compared by the RFLP method in a population of the sympatric bisexual (diploid) and gynogenetic (triploid) forms of silver crucian carp. The mtDNA haplotypes of all individuals was shown to be divided into two phylogenetic groups differing by at least 2.5% of nucleotide substitutions in their sequences. All gynogenetic individuals have haplotypes of a single phylogroup, whereas haplotypes of diploid fish belonged to both mtDNA phylogroups. This testifies to a possibility of transformation of gynogenetic individuals into a bisexual form, whereas the reverse process is either extremely rare or impossible.__________Translated from Genetika, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2005, pp. 811–816.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Brykov, Apalikova, Eliseikina, Kovalev. 相似文献
11.
Dmitar Lakušić 《Biologia》2008,63(5):631-636
The south-European Cardamine plumieri Vill. (sect. Pteroneurum subsect. Cryptopterum) is confirmed for the Flora of Serbia. Several populations were discovered in the central and western part of country, exclusively
on the serpentine bedrocks. Morphological, chorological and ecological characteristics of C. plumieri was studied. 相似文献
12.
I. Rosario G. Soro S. Déniz O. Ferrer F. Acosta D. Padilla B. Acosta 《Mycopathologia》2010,169(4):315-319
Columba livia is an important reservoir and carrier of Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus uniguttulatus, Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus albidus. Upper digestive tract of this species is also known as a habitat for Cryptococcus neoformans. Given the increasing clinical interest of this microorganism, 331 swabs from crop and 174 dropping samples from pigeon lofts
in Grand Canary Island have been studied. The obtained results show an extensive presence samples 81 positive (24.47%) of
Cryptococcus spp. in analysed crops: 32 (9.66%) for C. neoformans, 24 (7.2%) for C. uniguttulatus, 23 (6.9%) for C. albidus and 2 (0.6%) for C. laurentii. In the same way, Cryptococcus spp was also isolated in 82 (47.13%), dropping samples: C. neoformans in 59 (33.9%), C. uniguttulatus, in 9 (5.17%), C. laurentii in 8 (4.59%) and C. albidus in 6 (3.44%) of the investigated samples, respectively. The cryptococcosis produced by species of cryptococci other than C. neoformans has become more important during the last decade, supporting the study on the role of pigeon in the epidemiology of this
disease. 相似文献
13.
Emira Noumi Mejdi Snoussi Hajer Hentati Kacem Mahdouani Lucas del Castillo Eulogio Valentin Rafael Sentandreu Amina Bakhrouf 《Mycopathologia》2010,169(4):269-278
Several virulence factors in Candida albicans strains such as production of hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation on surfaces and cells can contribute to their pathogenicity.
For this, control of this opportunistic yeast is one of the factors reducing the nosocomial infection. The aim of this study
was to investigate biofilm formation on polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate and the production of hydrolytic enzymes in
Candida albicans strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients suffering from denture stomatitis. All strains were identified by macroscopic,
microscopic analysis and the ID 32 C system. Our results showed that 50% of the total strains produced phospholipase. Furthermore,
protease activity was detected in seven (35%) strains. All Candida albicans strains were beta haemolytic. All C. albicans strains adhered to polystyrene 96-well microtiter plate at different degrees, and the metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilm formed on polymethylmethacrylate did not differ between tested strains. The atomic force micrographs demonstrated
that biofilm of Candida albicans strains was organized in small colonies with budding cells. 相似文献
14.
Wang Minqin Zhao Junsheng Peng Zhenying Guo Wei Wang Yun Wang Le Xia Guangmin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(2):121-130
In order to investigate chromosome elimination in symmetric somatic hybridization between Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and Arabidopsis thaliana, protoplasts were isolated from suspension cultures of both A. thaliana and B. scorzonerifolium parents. Biparental protoplasts were mixed at a rate of 1.5:1 and fused with PEG-method. After protoplast fusion, the products
were cultured in the P5 liquid medium for microcallus formation. Single cell lines formed from microcalli after subculturing
on the MB1 (Xia and Chen, Plant Sci 120:197–203, 1996) solid medium. The putative somatic hybrid cell lines were identified
by cytological and molecular analysis. Of the 132 somatic cell lines generated, 16 were identified as somatic hybrids, with
the phenotypes resembled B. scorzonerifolium parent. These hybrids showed a complete set of B. scorzonerifolium chromosome and 0–2 small chromosome(s) of A. thaliana. A few of them showed nuclear and cytoplasmic SSR fragments of A. thaliana. These hybrid cell lines could differentiate to green spots, buds/leaves through complementation of regeneration ability.
The chromosomes elimination of A. thaliana was discussed.
Wang Minqin and Zhao Junsheng contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
15.
Summary. The paper describes two methods of the synthesis of ethyl (3R,4S)- and (3S,4S)-4-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-5-[(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3-hydroxypentanoates, useful for the syntheses of edeine analogs. Differently N-protected (S)-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid was used as a substrate in both procedures. The absolute configuration of newly generated asymmetric
carbon atoms C-3 in β-hydroxy-γ,δ-diamino products was assigned by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy after their transformation into corresponding piperidin-2-ones.
Received May 24, 2002 Accepted October 10, 2002 Published online December 18, 2002
Acknowledgment The authors are indebted to the Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Gdańsk for financial support.
Authors' address: Zbigniew Czajgucki, M. Sc., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University
of Gdańsk, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland, Fax +48 58 347 11 44, E-mail: zmczaj@wp.pl 相似文献
16.
The research on incidence of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on silver fir (Abies alba) was carried out in natural fir stands in Croatia. In the area of Gorski Kotar 32.8 % of the examined dominant fir trees
were infected with mistletoe. The mistletoe incidence was presented according to the damage degrees of silver fir from 0 (healthy
trees) to 4 (dead trees), rated by the crown defoliation and needle discoloration. With the increase of incidence, mistletoe
spreads more onto more vital, i.e. less damaged trees. In the Dinaric Alps 28.6% of the examined fir trees were infected,
this percentage amounting to 27.1% for the mountainous regions between the Sava and Drava rivers.
The site and stand parameters (exposure, elevation, site quality, forest community and crown closure) were analysed in order
to establish whether there was a correlation between these parameters and mistletoe incidence. There was a negative correlation
between the elevation and mistletoe incidence. Among the compartments with a closed stands there were considerably less compartments
with higher mistletoe incidence than among compartments with a sparsely closed and understocked stands. The other analysed
site and stand parameters individually had no significant influence on mistletoe incidence.
The correlation of silver fir mortality in 2004 and mistletoe incidence in 2002/03 was analysed, and their strong correlation
was established. Mistletoe could be considered as a bioindicator of silver fir decline, and probably a significant contributor
to that decline. In the areas where mistletoe incidence is great it can be presumed that silver fir is significantly damaged. 相似文献
17.
Biljana Vidović Ljubiša Stanisavljević Radmila Petanović 《Experimental & applied acarology》2010,52(2):169-181
From about 250 Cirsium spp., only two Aceria spp. (Acari: Eriophyoidea) have been described, Aceria anthocoptes (Nal.) and Aceria cirsii Pet. B. & Shi. Host specificity, which generally characterizes eriophyoid mites, potentially leads to speciation, so we may
expect more than two Aceria spp. and/or other infraspecific taxa. Furthermore, studies on host-related variability in the morphology of Aceria mites are generally lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate quantitative morphological traits of five Aceria populations inhabiting five Cirsium spp. in Serbia. MANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in 23 commonly used morphological traits as well as four
additional traits related to the prodorsal shield design. In addition, the most important qualitative traits using scanning
electron microphotographs were studied in order to clarify phenotypic differences among five Aceria spp. Discriminant analysis identified eight traits that significantly differentiate five populations. UPGMA cluster analysis
of the squared Mahalanobis distances indicates that A. cirsii was morphologically the most divergent, while A. anthocoptes populations from Cirsium arvense and Aceria sp. from Cirsium heterophyllum were isolated from the branch clustering Aceria spp. populations from Cirsium eriophorum and Cirsium creticum. Analysis of qualitative traits using SEM confirmed results obtained from the analysis of morphometric features. 相似文献
18.
R. Liasko V. Liousia P. Vrazeli O. Papiggioti R. Chortatou Th. J. Abatzopoulos I. D. Leonardos 《Journal of fish biology》2010,77(3):570-584
The gynogenetic population of Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in Lake Pamvotis (north‐west Greece) included a small percentage of males (2–3%). Cytogenetic analysis revealed heterogeneity of the population at the ploidy level: all females were triploid (modal chromosome number 156–162 chromosomes) while the males were either triploid (modal number 156–158 chromosomes) or tetraploid (modal number 200–214 chromosomes). Morphometric analysis revealed significant differences in body shape among these three groups. The males were more slender than females, while the triploid males could be discriminated from the tetraploid by the morphology of their caudal peduncle. The males attained a significantly lower asymptotic standard length (LS) (25·04 cm) than females (29·75 cm) and had lower exponent b of the LS and mass relationship. Under laboratory conditions, intraspecific crossings of C. gibelio males with females could give viable all‐female offspring; in comparison with goldfish Carassius auratus males, the fertility of the C. gibelio males was generally reduced but remained highly variable among individuals. 相似文献
19.
Coptotermes lacteus, a termite found in eastern Australia, is a central-site nester that constructs mounds up to 2 m in height. Mature colonies
typically contain the primary king and queen, and up to a million or more worker and soldier offspring. Once a year, male
and female nymphs are produced in approximately equal numbers and develop into new alates. Experimental removal of the queen
in the field and subsequent mating of the king with a replacement queen, results in an unusual phenomenon whereby the production
of female nymphs completely ceases, while the production of male nymphs, and workers of both sexes, continues. The proximate
cause of this nymph male-bias is yet to be discovered. The production of male nymphs and workers of both sexes in de-queened
C. lacteus colonies is equivalent to offspring production patterns in laboratory crosses of male nymphoid (nymph-derived) with female
ergatoid (worker-derived) replacement reproductives in the related species Reticulitermes speratus. An X-linked genetically influenced caste determination (GCD) mechanism has been proposed to account for such offspring patterns
in R. speratus. We examined microsatellite genotypes in C. lacteus to test a prediction arising from the R. speratus GCD model: that nymphs should result from reproduction by neotenics, rather than the primary pair. In five of six colonies
examined, genotypes indicated that all workers and nymphs were derived from a single reproductive pair. In three of these
cases, the primary queen was also located and examined; her genotype matched that inferred from worker and nymph genotypes.
These results suggest that the GCD model proposed for R. speratus does not apply to C. lacteus, at least under field conditions. The male-nymph bias following queen removal therefore remains an unresolved issue in C. lacteus. 相似文献
20.
Dynamics of the morphometric and physical properties of hemocytes of the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch) under the influence of a temperature factor has been studied with atomic force microscopy in experiments in vitro. It is found that, at a low incubation temperature (5°C), as opposed to room temperature (20°C), morphometric parameters change in erythrocytes; at a high temperature (40°C) they change in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The low incubation temperature reduces the adhesion and elasticity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes of C. gibelio, whereas a high incubation temperature leads to a decrease in adhesion in polymorphonuclear white blood cells. 相似文献