施肥对红豆树苗木生长、根系结瘤和矿质营养的影响

探讨几种市售肥料对红豆树(Ormosia hosiei)苗木各器官生长发育及养分含量的影响,为培育红豆树优质苗木选用肥料提供参考。以红豆树当年生大田苗为试材,采用3种常见肥料(复合肥、缓释肥和尿素)分3个施肥水平进行施肥试验,测定苗高、地径、根系指标、根系结瘤指标、各器官生物量及N、P、K含量,对不同施肥处理苗木质量进行综合评价。不同施肥处理对红豆树苗木生长、结瘤和矿质营养均有显著或极显著影响。施缓释肥和复合肥的处理表现为随施肥量的增加苗木的生长和生理指标均表现出先增后降趋势,施尿素则表现为随施肥量增加呈逐渐递减趋势。通过隶属函数对苗木质量进行综合评价,表明缓释肥30 g·m^-2为最佳施肥处理,其苗高增量、各根系质量指标、各生物量指标、结瘤数量以及根、茎、叶的N、P、K含量均为最大。红豆树当年生苗木密度为50 株·m-2时,施用缓释肥(N-P-K: 30-6-7) 30 g·m^-2可以有效提高红豆树的苗木质量。     

Tree seedling response to LED spectra: implications for forest restoration

We found that different spectra, provided by light-emitting diodes or a fluorescent lamp, caused different photomorphological responses depending on tree seedling type (coniferous or broad-leaved), species, seedling development stage, and seedling fraction (shoot or root). For two conifers (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris) soon after germination (≤40 days), more seedling growth was related to a lower ratio of red-to-far-red (R:FR) light. As growth continued to 120 days, spectra with a greater complement of blue light yielded more growth. Roots showed more plasticity to light spectra than shoots. In general for the evergreen broad-leaved Quercus ilex, spectra with additional R:FR than for conifers yielded more growth in the first 57 days. Subsequently as seedlings grew, shoot growth appeared to be influenced less by light source than roots, with root length showing the greatest responses. Our results suggest that manipulating light spectra to foster desired seedling traits may be another tool for use in the production of high-quality seedlings as defined through the Target Plant Concept. Such seedlings are needed for restoration of the two billion hectares of degraded forestland, especially on harsh sites such as those found in the Mediterranean region, and to sequester carbon to mitigate climate change.     

Slugs, willow seedlings and nutrient fertilization: intrinsic vigor inversely affects palatability

This study evaluates how preference by a generalist slug herbivore Arion subfuscus changes inversely with seedling size across three levels of fertilization for three full‐sib families of willow seedlings. We analyzed seedlings for condensed tannin and protein concentration, and related these data to changes in palatability. In preference tests over time, leaf discs from more fertilized seedlings experienced an extended window of vulnerability compared to discs from less fertilized seedlings, which were also more tannin‐rich. In a whole seedling selection study, slugs readily attacked smaller seedlings (<5 cm) but rarely attacked taller seedlings (>10 cm). However, a general difference in risk of damage close to 50% existed when comparing shorter and taller individuals within each family and level of fertilizer. The decrease in palatability with height of the seedlings was positively correlated with an increase in condensed tannin concentration. We found no effect of seedling size on protein concentration. Akaiki index criterion model comparisons suggested that only main effects were important for explaining seedling choice by slugs as well as the ratio between proteins and condensed tannins. Seedling size, had the largest effect, followed by fertilizer level and family. Surprisingly, seedling size and fertilizer treatment had opposite effects on palatability to slugs. Size decreased probability of damage, whereas fertilization extended the window of susceptibility. Because the seedlings were even‐aged, differences in size are interpreted as differences in growth rate or vigor. The positive phenotypic correlation found between size and tannin production in the less preferred willow seedlings confirms that several plant defense traits may be selected for simultaneously, because fast growth may allow an early development of plant defenses. We discuss these results in the light of plant‐defense theories that predict a negative correlation between the allocation to growth and the production of secondary defense compounds.     

A life cycle assessment case study for walnut tree (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Juglans regia</Emphasis> L.) seedlings production

Purpose  

High-quality wood production is based on both natural forestry populations and dedicated tree plantations, also mentioned as industrial plantations. The establishment of dedicated plantations needs high-quality seedlings, often grown in a nursery, having specific genetic and morphological features. From seed gathering to final selling, the growth of the seedlings needs human interventions and specific inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, substrates, and capital goods (e.g., pots and greenhouses). All these inputs of course can cause not negligible environmental impacts, due to their production, maintenance, and final disposal. For these reasons, the environmental impact due to seedlings production in a nursery deserves deep analysis to assess the overall impact linked to wood supply chain: it is important that wood products are able to meet high environmental standards. This study is focused on 1- and 2-year-old walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) seedlings, aimed to high-quality timber production.     

Survivorship and Spatial Development of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. (Gramineae) Seedlings in a New England Salt Marsh

Patterns of survival and spatial arrangement of tillers of Spartinaalterniflora were examined in natural and in artificially producedbare areas, and in pure stands of adult S. alterniflora in aNew England salt marsh. Seedling growth and survival were highin naturally occurring bare patches and in artificial patches,whether created by continual clipping of adult plants to groundlevel throughout the growing season or by providing bare substrateafter removal of adult plants. Seedling growth and survivorshipincreased with increasing size of bare area. S. alternifloraseedlings were also common in areas dominated by adult plants,but no seedlings survived a whole first growing season underthe mature canopy, probably because of competition from adultplants. In large bare areas, S. alterniflora seedlings grew non-directionally,reaching heights of 0.5 m, and producing as many as 36 tillersin one growing season. Examination of leaf area ratios suggestedthat the production of tillers increased photosynthetic capacityin seedlings with several tillers in contrast to seedlings withouttillers. Thus, seedlings can apparently tiller and colonizefree space radially without a loss of photosynthetic capacity. These results suggest that while seedling success is generallylimited by adult plants in monocultures of S. alterniflora,in disturbed spaces seedling success is high and results ina rapid non-directional proliferation of sexually generatedclones that ultimately preclude the successful invasion of futureseedlings. Clones, directional growth, leaf area ratio, salt marsh cordgrass, seedling survivorship, Spartina alterniflora Loisel     

不同形态氮素施肥对小黑杨幼苗生长的影响

以小黑杨当年播种苗为材料,研究了不同施氮量（12,24和48 mg·株^-1）和不同形态氮素（有机氮和无机氮）施肥对小黑杨幼苗生长的影响,以探讨小黑杨对氮基酸类有机氮素施肥的生长响应。结果表明：无论施无机氮（硝酸铵）还是有机氮（精氨酸）,小黑杨幼苗的苗高、地径、总生物量都是随施氮量的增加而增加,但是中等施氮量处理的幼苗氮利用效率最高。无机氮（硝酸铵）和有机氮（精氨酸）处理的幼苗在相同施氮水平下生长表现无明显差异,施用有机氮可以与施用无机氮获得相同的促进苗木生长的效果。不同氨基酸及其组合肥料施用对小黑杨幼苗生长的影响显著。单一氨基酸施肥情况下,施用精氨酸促进苗木生长的效果最好,谷氨酸次之,甘氨酸最差;氨基酸组合施肥情况下,有精氨酸的组合施肥苗木生长好,有甘氨酸的组合施肥苗木生长差。不同氨基酸施肥处理对小黑杨幼苗各器官氮含量没有明显影响。     

Post-Planting Treatments Increase Growth of Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.) Seedlings

The extent of Oregon white oak woodland and savanna ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific Northwest has diminished significantly during the past century due to land use changes and fire suppression. Planting Oregon white oak seedlings is often necessary when restoring these plant communities. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of post‐planting treatments for establishing Oregon white oak seedlings on sites characterized by low growing season precipitation and coarse‐textured soils. We evaluated the effects of control of competing vegetation, tree shelters, fertilization, irrigation, and planting date on growth of planted seedlings. Survival was generally high (90%), but growth rate varied substantially among treatments. Plastic mulch increased soil water content and increased annual seedling height growth by an average of 56% relative to one‐time manual removal of competing vegetation. Solid‐walled tree shelters reduced browse damage and increased mean annual height growth compared to mesh shelters and no shelter by averages of 7.5 and 10.9 cm, respectively. Controlled‐release fertilizer applied at planting did not consistently increase seedling growth. Weekly irrigation (3.8 L/seedling) increased first‐year seedling growth only where mulch also was applied. Seedlings planted by late February had greater root growth by summer than those planted in early April. Soil water management was necessary for best seedling growth, and the improved height growth in solid‐walled tree shelters allowed the terminal shoot to grow more quickly above the height of animal browse. Our results indicate effective methods for establishing Oregon white oak seedlings, but these results may also be applicable to establishment of other tree species on similarly droughty sites.     

磷素营养对降香黄檀幼苗生长及叶片养分状况的影响

设置0、15、30、60、100、150 mg P·株^-1等6个磷素处理开展降香黄檀幼苗盆栽试验,测定各处理幼苗的生长、生物量、叶片养分含量等指标,采用临界浓度法确定降香黄檀幼苗的适宜施磷量,从而探讨不同磷素水平对降香黄檀幼苗生长和叶片养分状况的影响,揭示其磷素需求规律以及适宜的磷供应范围。结果显示磷肥能促进幼苗生长和生物量的积累,而且随施磷量的增加,各指标呈现先升高后降低的趋势,最高值出现在60 mg P·株^-1处理,其苗高、地径、叶面积、生物量分别为对照的3.07、2.35、49.21和24.25倍。施磷显著降低幼苗叶片氮、钾含量,提高磷、镁含量,其中30、60、100 mg P·株^-13个处理间叶片磷含量差异不显著,约为对照的1.65倍。根据幼苗生物量与叶片磷含量、氮钾含量比、磷钾含量比的抛物线关系,确定叶片最适磷含量范围为1.35~2.32 g·kg^-1,由此推断降香黄檀幼苗最适宜的施磷量为60~100 mg P·株^-1。     

Linking seed dispersal,germination and seedling recruitment in the invasive species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Berberis darwinii</Emphasis> (Darwin’s barberry)

Seedling recruitment is a multi-phased process involving seed production, dispersal, germination, seedling establishment and subsequent survival. Understanding the factors that determine success at each stage of this process is of particular interest to scientists and managers seeking to understand how invasive species spread and persist, and identify critical stages for management. To understand the factors and processes influencing recruitment of the invasive species Berberis darwinii Hook. (Darwin’s barberry), temporal and spatial patterns of seed dispersal, germination and seedling establishment were examined. Seed dispersal from a large source population was measured over two fruiting seasons, and subsequent patterns of seedling emergence and survival within each cohort were measured. Seed longevity was tested under both natural and artificial conditions. Seeds were widely dispersed by birds, up to 450 m from the source population. Dispersal was essential to seedling establishment, as few seedlings survived beneath the parent canopy. Seeds were relatively short-lived in the soil under both field and glasshouse conditions, with few surviving for more than 1 year. Patterns of newly emerged seedlings largely reflected patterns of seed rain, but seedling survival was significantly affected by distance from source population, seedling density and light environment. These results suggest that recruitment of B. darwinii is dependent on dispersal of seeds to favourable microsites. Management priorities should include the removal of fruiting plants, and seedling control in highlight areas.     

Density‐dependent demographic responses of a semelparous plant to natural variation in seed rain

The link between reproductive and vegetative ecology of flowering plants is rarely explored, despite its importance for understanding population processes and fitness. This link can be studied by using experimental or natural variation in seed input to the soil to assess how reproductive success affects vital rates of offspring. We previously reported for Ipomopsis aggregata that per‐seed probability of germinating is insensitive to density of seeds sown into plots, whereas per capita flower production among adults that grow from the seedlings declines in nonlinear fashion with density. Here we describe a parallel non‐experimental study. We related seedling emergence to estimated natural seed input (‘seed rain’) in three populations across ten summers and monitored seedlings that emerged in the first two summers throughout their life histories. Seedling emergence in 1996 was linearly related to seed rain from plants that flowered in 1995. This density independent seed‐to‐seedling transition recurred over the next nine summers, but the slope varied with springtime precipitation. Total numbers of 1996 seedlings that survived to flower and numbers of flowers they produced increased linearly with seed rain in one population, but did not vary detectably in the other two, consistent with negative density dependence. In consequence λ (the dominant eigenvalue of a population projection matrix) decreased from high values at low densities of seed rain to a relatively constant low value with greater seed rain. We also detected density dependence in the 1995 seedling cohort in survival and flower production. The similarity of results from natural and experimental studies supports a conclusion of nonlinear density dependence and shows that characterizing it requires the full life history. For this plant species and others, studies of pollination and fecundity alone may not suffice to draw conclusions about population change or fitness.     

不同光质及肥料浓度对小报春生长发育的影响

不同光质和肥料浓度对小报春(Primula forbesii)幼苗生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明:蓝光能促进小报春幼苗的光合速率和蒸腾速率,黄光能明显地促进小报春幼苗增高,红光则促进植株开花;肥料浓度EC 2.0 mS cm-1对促进小报春幼苗生长及叶面积增大的效果最佳;交互处理试验以红光/EC 2.0 mS cm-1的效果最明显,对小报春幼苗的营养生长和生殖生长均有促进作用。因此,选择合适的光质和肥料浓度有利于促进植物的生长发育。     

Growth of bedding plants in commercial potting substrate amended with vermicompost

Vermicompost has been promoted as a viable alternative container media component for the horticulture industry. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of vermicompost at different points in the production cycle of tomato, marigold, pepper, and cornflower. The incorporation of vermicompost of pig manure origin into germination media up to 20% v/v enhanced shoot and root weight, leaf area, and shoot:root ratios of both tomato and French marigold seedlings; however amendment with vermicompost had little influence on pepper and cornflower seedling growth. Moreover there was no effect on the germination of seed of any species. When seedlings of tomato, French marigold, and cornflower were transplanted into 6-cell packs there was greater plant growth in media amended with vermicompost compared to the control media, and the greatest growth when vermicompost was amended into both the germination and transplant media. This effect was increased when seedlings in the transplant media were irrigated with water containing fertilizer.     

施用有机肥环境下盐胁迫小麦幼苗长势和内源激素的变化

在盆栽条件下,研究了不同浓度NaCl处理下,底施不同施用量有机肥小麦品种豫麦49-198幼苗的生长变化,在此基础上,选择出合适的NaCl处理浓度和有机肥施用量区间,并对此情况下小麦幼苗苗和根中内源激素含量和比例的变化进行了测定,以揭示其耐盐差异机制。结果表明,15000-35000 kg/hm²施用量有机肥处理明显减轻NaCl浓度为150 mmol/L的盐胁迫,其中25000 kg/hm²有机肥处理效果最明显;45000 kg/hm²以上的有机肥处理对幼苗生长抑制无明显缓解作用;当NaCl浓度为450 mmol/L时,各种施用量的有机肥处理均不能减轻盐胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制。150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,不同施用量有机肥处理,分别为对照(不施肥)、低施用量(15000 kg/hm²)、中施用量(25000 kg/hm²)和高施用量(35000 kg/hm²)的有机肥,土壤盐度的增加量随有机肥用量增加而上升,对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用得到缓解,以25000 kg/hm²有机肥处理缓解作用最强。有机肥处理下盐胁迫小麦幼苗苗和根中ABA含量的增加得到显著缓解,IAA和GAs的含量比不施有机肥的对照有不同程度的提高, 说明盐胁迫下有机肥处理小麦幼苗具有较高IAA和GAs合成量。盐胁迫下有机肥处理使苗中ZR的含量较高而根中则较低,说明抗盐性较强的有机肥处理可迅速将根部合成的ZR向苗中转移,促进苗的生长。盐胁迫下有机肥处理的IAA/ABA、GAs/ABA、ZR/ABA的比值也有不同程度提高。在盐胁迫下,有机肥处理尤其是在25000 kg/hm²施用量时,小麦幼苗协调自身激素平衡的能力较强可能是其生长受抑制较小的重要原因。     

Seed size variation in the palm Euterpe edulis and the effects of seed predators on germination and seedling survival

Intraspecific variation in seed size is common in wild plant populations and has important consequences for the reproductive success of individual plants. Multiple, often conflicting evolutionary forces mediated by biotic as well as abiotic agents may maintain such a variation. In this paper we assessed seed size variation in a population of the threatened, commercially important palm Euterpe edulis in southeast Brazil. We investigated (i) how this variation affects the probability of attack by vertebrate and invertebrate post-dispersal seed predators, and (ii) if seed size influences the outcome of seeds damaged by beetles in terms of seed germination and early survival of seedlings. Euterpe edulis seeds varied in diameter from 8.3 to 14.1 mm. Neither insects nor rodents selected the seeds they preyed upon based on seed size. Seed germination and total, shoot and root biomasses of one-year seedlings were significantly and positively affected by seed size. Root biomass and seedling survival were negatively affected by seed damage caused by a scolytid beetle (Coccotrypes palmarum) whose adults bore into seeds to consume part of the endosperm, but do not oviposit on them. Seed size had a marginally significant effect on seedling survival. Therefore, if any advantage is accrued by E. edulis individuals producing large seeds, this is because of greater seed germination success and seedling vigor. If this is so, even a relatively narrow range of variation in seed size as observed in the E. edulis population studied may translate into differential success of individual plants.     

A new circular economy approach for integrated production of tomatoes and mushrooms

Spent mushroom Substrate is the by-product generated at the end of the mushroom growing cycle. It can be used in agriculture for different purposes, including seedling production, soil conditioning or application as an organic fertilizer. Tomato is one of the world?s most important crops, requiring considerable care, in terms of both nutrition and disease control. The objective of this study was to investigate the viability of spent mushroom substrate as a nutrient source for tomato seedlings and develop an integrated tomato and mushroom co-production system. For seedling production, different compositions were evaluated with spent mushroom substrate from Pleurotus ostreatus or substrate colonized with Agaricus bisporus. The parameters evaluated comprised germination rate, seedling quality and physicochemical analysis. A tomato and mushroom integrated production system was developed using a 40-liter pot divided into upper (spent mushroom substrate and soil), middle (spent mushroom substrate from P. ostreatus) and lower (gravel) layers. For seedlings production, plants treated with the substrate colonized with A. bisporus presented a superior root length (10.1 cm) and aerial part length (6.6 cm). Co-production of tomato and mushrooms was also shown to be viable. In this co-cultivation system between tomato and mushroom, the treatment with the substrate colonized with A. bisporus differed from others, with this treatment presenting high yields of tomato (2.35 kg/plant pot) and mushrooms (1.33 kg/plant pot) within the same bucket. With this co-production system, the tomato production time was reduced by 60 days and prolonged continuous mushroom production by 120 days. These findings show a sustainable approach to manage different agroindustrial residues, encouraging the use of these residues for olericulture and fungiculture production.     

Winners and losers: tropical forest tree seedling survival across a West African forest–savanna transition

Forest encroachment into savanna is occurring at an unprecedented rate across tropical Africa, leading to a loss of valuable savanna habitat. One of the first stages of forest encroachment is the establishment of tree seedlings at the forest–savanna transition. This study examines the demographic bottleneck in the seedlings of five species of tropical forest pioneer trees in a forest–savanna transition zone in West Africa. Five species of tropical pioneer forest tree seedlings were planted in savanna, mixed/transition, and forest vegetation types and grown for 12 months, during which time fire occurred in the area. We examined seedling survival rates, height, and stem diameter before and after fire; and seedling biomass and starch allocation patterns after fire. Seedling survival rates were significantly affected by fire, drought, and vegetation type. Seedlings that preferentially allocated more resources to increasing root and leaf starch (starch storage helps recovery from fire) survived better in savanna environments (frequently burnt), while seedlings that allocated more resources to growth and resource‐capture traits (height, the number of leaves, stem diameter, specific leaf area, specific root length, root‐to‐shoot ratio) survived better in mixed/transition and forest environments. Larger (taller with a greater stem diameter) seedlings survived burning better than smaller seedlings. However, larger seedlings survived better than smaller ones even in the absence of fire. Bombax buonopozense was the forest species that survived best in the savanna environment, likely as a result of increased access to light allowing greater investment in belowground starch storage capacity and therefore a greater ability to cope with fire. Synthesis: Forest pioneer tree species survived best through fire and drought in the savanna compared to the other two vegetation types. This was likely a result of the open‐canopied savanna providing greater access to light, thereby releasing seedlings from light limitation and enabling them to make and store more starch. Fire can be used as a management tool for controlling forest encroachment into savanna as it significantly affects seedling survival. However, if rainfall increases as a result of global change factors, encroachment may be more difficult to control as seedling survival ostensibly increases when the pressure of drought is lifted. We propose B. buonopozense as an indicator species for forest encroachment into savanna in West African forest–savanna transitions.     

Analysis of seedling banks of a climax beech forest: ecological importance of seedling sprouts

Most of the common and dominant tree species in gaps of a climax Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) forest have large seedling banks on the forest floor. These seedlings were classified into “true seedlings” and “seedling sprouts”, each of which was further classified into two and three subtypes, respectively. Each species had a characteristic seedling form spectrum. The seedling bank of beech was composed almost solely of true seedlings, whereas, seedling sprouts predominated in the seedling banks of lower tree species such as Prunus grayana Maxim. and some species of Acer. The age structures suggested that seedling sprouts had longer life spans and had been recruited more constantly than true seedlings. The habit of sprouting and creeping seemed to enable seedlings of these species to persist for long periods, thus increasing their chance for eventual success in canopy gaps.     

Post-emergence treatment of iron-related rice-seedling chlorosis

A number of nutritional problems have been reported for production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on organic soils (Histosols). One of these, termed rice-seedling chlorosis, occurs when rice is drill-seeded into certain drained Histosols, and results in chlorotic, weakened seedlings that often die before or during imposition of the permanent flood. The condition can be predicted on the basis of soil testing and can be prevented by applying water-soluble Fe with the seed at planting. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the degree to which this problem can be corrected by the use of post-emergence foliarly applied Fe when the condition is not attended to at planting. It was determined that foliar application of Fe improved seedling growth, reduced seedling mortality, and increased rice grain production relative to no treatment. Nevertheless, prediction by the use of soil testing and prevention by application of Fe at seeding appears to be a more effective method for correcting seedling chlorosis than post-emergence foliar application of Fe.Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No. R-01230.     

播种密度和基肥条件对晚籼稻旱育秧苗某些生理特性的影响

研究了1995年晚季不同播种密度和不同基肥对华南稻区晚籼稻旱育秧苗某些生理特性的影响。结果表明,在2种播种密度和5种基肥构成的10个处理中,秧苗叶龄、苗高和假茎宽等均无明显差异。在播种量为125g m-2条件下,虽然秧苗的总生长量较低,但其干/鲜重比值仍较播种密度为65gm-2略高;不同处理间的功能叶叶绿素含量(a b)、白根数/株和根活力呈显著差异,其中以沤熟有机肥和高无机肥用量作基肥的处理效果明显优于低无机肥用量作基肥的处理。因此,在进行旱育秧苗床培肥中,应注意以施用有机肥为主,适当补充无机肥,才能获得根系发达、活力强的健壮旱秧,为移栽后的叶蘖早发打基础。     

不同施肥处理对木棉叶片光合特性和幼苗生长的影响

采用L25(53)正交实验设计设置不同氮、磷和钾肥施用量及配比﹝单株施用量分别为CO(NH2)22.0、4.0、6.0、8.0和10.0 g,Ca(H2PO4)24.0、6.0、8.0、10.0和12.0 g,KCl 0.6、1.2、1.8、2.4和3.0 g﹞,并设置不同复合肥施用量(单株施用量分别为10、20、30、40和50 g),比较了施肥后第1至第3个月木棉( Bombax ceiba Linn.)幼苗叶片光合指标﹝包括净光合速率( Pn)、水分利用效率( WUE)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率( Fv/Fm )和叶绿素相对含量( SPAD)﹞和幼苗生长指标(包括株高增长量、地径增长量和叶面积增长量)的变化。结果表明：总体来看,不同施肥处理组木棉幼苗叶片的Pn和WUE值升高,幼苗的株高增长量、地径增长量和叶面积增长量增加,但不同施肥处理对叶片Fv/Fm和SPAD值的影响较小;复合肥对叶片光合生理特性和幼苗生长的影响也较小。在施肥后的第1至第3个月,单株施用量氮肥4.0或6.0 g,磷肥4.0或8.0 g,钾肥1.2、1.8或3.0 g处理组幼苗叶片的Pn和WUE值显著高于对照(不施肥)和大多数处理组;单株施用量氮肥4.0或6.0 g、磷肥4.0~12.0 g、钾肥1.2~3.0 g处理组幼苗的株高增长量、地径增长量和叶面积增长量也均较高。综合分析结果显示：氮肥对木棉幼苗光合生理特性及生长的影响最大,钾肥次之,磷肥最小。综合考虑Pn值、WUE值、株高增长量、地径增长量和叶面积增长量,木棉苗期的适宜单株施肥量为N 1.84或2.76 g、P2 O50.72~2.16 g和K2 O 0.72~1.80 g。