雷公青冈和滇南青冈学名订正

分布于华南的雷公青冈Quercus hui Chun和分布于云南及广西的滇南青冈Q.austroglauca(Y.T.Chang)Y.T.Chang长期被认为是我国特有植物,实则分别为越南北部分布的Q.auricoma A.Camus和云南东南部分布的龙迈青冈Q.lungmaiensis(Hu)C.C.Huang & ...     

竹叶青属毒蛇的毒素研究进展

蛇毒含多种生物活性成分,其中多数为酶类和活性肽类。随着蛇毒毒理学、药物学、生物化学和分子生物学的发展,蛇毒的许多组分已得到分离纯化和序列测定,并广泛应用于理论研究和临床应用。竹叶青蛇属是中国常见的毒蛇,近年来对其应用研究的报道颇多,就竹叶青属毒蛇的种类与分布,及其蛇毒组分的分离纯化、理化性质、分子克隆表达等方面的研究资料进行了概括和综述。     

青冈亚属植物的地理分布

对壳斗科青冈亚属（Quercus subg.Cyclobalanopsis)植物分布区内各地区的分布作了分析和统计。通过分析,认为中国南部、西南部和中南半岛北部,即印度支那植物地区,是青冈亚属植物地理分布的分布区中心。基于其形态、现代分布和地史资料,马来西亚地区分布有许多性状较原始的类群,是青冈亚属原始类的保存中心。青冈亚属植物中有许多地区 特有种,它们的分布区很狭窄,集中分布在加里曼丹、台湾、海南和云南东部部,其产生的原因主要是地理隔离,如海峡、高山等,以及气候和地史的复杂性。青冈亚属植物还存在许多替代现象,如青冈（Q.schottkyana）、赤皮青冈（Ｑ.gilva)和黄毛青冈（Ｑ.delavayi)`、云山青冈（Q.sessifolia)和窄叶青冈（Ｑ.augustinii)为中国－日本分布式和中国－喜马拉雅分布式之间替代。     

壳斗科栎属青冈亚属的花粉形态及其系统学意义

对栎属青冈亚属17个种及炭栎花粉形态进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明:青冈亚属和炭栎花粉均为三拟孔沟,球形至长球形,(15～28.0)μm×(15.0～25.6)μm。花粉外壁纹饰可划分为3种:(1)蠕虫状(包括皱波状)、(2)聚合颗粒状、(3)棒状或小刺状。各纹饰在组间镶嵌分布。棒状及小刺状纹饰为栎属花粉较为原始式样,并为青冈亚属与高山栎组及部分巴东组(sect.Cerris)共有,推测其间具有较其它栎类更为接近的亲缘关系,可能为广义栎属中较为基础的类群,而与栎亚属sect.Quercuss.s.,Lobatae和Protobalanus关系较远。花粉形态对广义栎属系统分类价值仅适用于较高分类阶元。     

中国壳斗科栎亚科花粉形态研究

本文应用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜观察了壳斗科所属栎亚科2属26种2变种的花粉形态,并以本科其它属一些代表种作对比,试图从孢粉学方面为栎亚科的系统分类提供依据。 花粉外壁纹饰在扫描电镜下可分三种类型,即水青冈型(含水青冈属),栎型(含栎属和三棱栎属),栗型(含栗属、锥属和柯属),花粉的类型与植物形态分类的三个亚科一致。 栎亚科的花粉外壁纹饰在扫描电镜下为颗粒聚集成的种种形状。栎属可区分为四种类型,即颗粒状、颗粒——蠕虫状、聚颗粒及芽孢状,其中类型一、二、三为常绿种类,类型四为落叶种类。花粉纹饰在常绿与落叶种类之间有较明显的差异,而青冈亚属和栎亚属之间却没有界线。因此,栎属仍以包含两个亚属为宜。三棱栎属花粉纹饰则介于栎属的类型二与三之间。     

中国青冈属花粉形态及其与栎属的关系

经研究结果表明,青冈属Cyclobalanopsis与常绿栎类花粉形态特征基本上是一致的, 如花粉的形状和大小,萌发孔的类型以及外壁的结构均很相似。作者支持将青冈属归入栎属, 作为属下等级,即青冈亚属(Subg.Cyclobalanopsis)的分类处理。     

五种栎属植物订正

五种栎属植物订正周浙昆（中国科学院昆明植物研究所，昆明６５０２０４）ＮｏｔｅｓｏｎＦｉｖｅＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｆｒｏｍＣｈｉｎａＺＨＯＵＺｈｅ－Ｋｕｎ（ＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ，ＴｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ...     

6例竹叶青蛇咬伤致DIC治疗体会

1995年初至2003年底,我院采用活血化瘀,凉血止血,佐以清热解毒等方法为主的综合疗法治疗竹叶青蛇咬伤致DIC6例,疗效显著。现总结报告如下。     

竹叶青蛇咬伤致凝血功能损害

竹叶青(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)属于蝮亚科烙铁头属,分布于我国南方,是我国常见十大毒蛇之一.近年来发现,竹叶青蛇咬伤对人体的损害差异较大,轻者仅有局部肿痛[1],严重的可致大出血[2].竹叶青蛇咬伤对人体的主要影响是造成血液凝血功能障碍.现就竹叶青蛇咬伤致血液系统凝血功能的损害作一综述.     

Genetic transformation of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) for herbicide resistance

The bar gene was introduced into the cork oak genome. Cork oak embryogenic masses were transformed using the Agrobacterium strain AGL1 which carried the plasmid pBINUbiBar. This vector harbours the genes, nptII and bar, the latter under control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. The transgenic embryogenic lines were cryopreserved. Varying activities of phosphinothricin acetyl transferase were detected among the lines, which carried 1–4 copies of the insert. Molecular and biochemical assays confirmed the stability and expression of the transgenes 3 months after thawing the cultures. These results demonstrate genetic engineering of herbicide tolerance in Quercus spp. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Rubén álvarez, Ricardo J. Ordás are contributed equally.     

Chemical constituents of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz.

Phytochemical investigations of the rhizomes of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. resulted in the isolation of four sesquiterpenes (1–4), five polyacetylenes (5–9), oleanolic acid (10), and 5-hydromethyl furaldehyde (11). Among them, seven compounds (3, 5–10) were firstly isolated from the A. chinensis, and all have been reported in the genus Atractylodes except compound 10. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

Leaf epidermis of Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis (Oerst.) Schneid. (Fagaceae)

The characters of leaf epidermis (mainly epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes) have been examined in 48 species of Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis of the Fagaceae. The adaxial leaf epidermis was investigated under light microscope. The epidermal cells of this surface are of two types in terms of the outline of their anticlinal wall. One type is characterized by having straight wall, and this type has been observed in most of the species studied, while the other is characterized by having sinuate or sinuolate wall, and this type has been found only in eight species, such as Q. blakei and Q. hui. There exist two types of trichome-bases on this surface: in one type the bases are singlecelled, and this type has been found in most of the species studied, such as Q. oxyodon and Q. augustinii; while in the other the bases consist of a group of cells, and this type has been found only in nine species, such as Q. thorelii and Q. chungii. The abaxial leaf epidermis was investigated under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The epidermal cells and the trichome-bases on this surface under LM are in morphology essentially similar to those on the adaxial surface. The stomata under LM include three types: cyclocytic, subcyclocytic and anomocytic. The stomatal density is of some diagnostic value to distinguish between closely related species, e.g. the stomatal density in Q. glauca is higher than that in Q. schottkyana. Under SEM the stomata are elliptical or roundish. The most noteworthy feature of the adaxial leaf epidermis is the trichomes. Eight types of trichomes have been observed under SEM: simple-uniseriate, solitary, papillae, stellate, fused-stellate, stipitate-fasciculate, multiradiate and jellyfish-like. The first type, i.e. the simple-uniseriate trichome, is glandular, other six types, i.e. the solitary, papillae, stellate, fused-stellate, stipitate-fasciculate and multiradiate trichomes, are non-glandular, and the last one, i.e. the jellyfish-like trichome, may represent an intermediate type in structure between the glandular and the non-glandular trichomes. Papillae are very common in subgen. Cyclobalanopsis although in the Fagaceae they were previously reported only in a few species of Lithocarpus. The jellyfish-like trichome, observed only in Q. sichouensis, is reported in the Fagaceae for the first time. The evolutionary trends of trichomes are discussed. The trichomes seem to evolve toward the direction of increasing complexity in structure. Papillae are considered as the pedomorphism of trichomes. From papillae the solitary trichomes and then the stellate ones have evolved. The complicated trichome types with more arms may be produced from relatively simple ones with fewer arms by means of varions fusion: several stellate trichomes are fused to form the fused-stellate ones by basal fusion, and by the same way the fused-stellate ones to form the stipitate-fasciculate ones; the multiradiate trichomes are formed by the stellate ones, in which the arms emerge in a variety of seemingly random directions from a typically rounded common base. Based on the above results, it is considered that the trichome features are of important significance for a better understanding of the infrageneric division of Quercus and the phylogenetic relationships between this genus and the other genera in the Fagaceae. The very common presence of papillae in Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis and in a few species of Lithocarpus may indicate that subgen. Cyclobalanopsis is a quite natural group on the one hand, and may have close relationship with Lithocarpus on the other hand. The thin-walled, jellyfish-like trichomes found in Q. sichouensis are in structure similar to the “glandular” peltate trichomes in Trigonobalanus, a genus generally regarded as the most primitive in subfam. Quercoideae, indicating that the affinity between subgen. Cyclobalanopsis and Trigonobalanus may becloser than that between subgen. Quercus and Trigonobalanus.     

栎属青冈亚属（壳斗科）的叶表皮研究

利用光镜和扫描电镜观察了栎属青冈亚属Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis 48种植物的叶表皮,尤以对叶下表皮的毛被特征观察较为仔细。共观察到8种不同类型的叶表皮毛：单列毛、单毛、乳突、星状毛、溶和星状毛、具柄束毛、多出毛和水母状毛。其中乳突在青冈亚属中较常见,而在壳斗科其他属中仅在石栎属 Lithocarpus 少数种类中有报道;水母状毛首次在壳斗科中发现。毛被可能遵循以下的演化规律：乳突→单毛→星状毛;星状毛依照从简单→复杂的演化途径,分化出各种形态各异和结构复杂的毛系。初步讨论了毛被以及叶表皮其他特征(如毛基细胞和表皮细胞的形态、气孔的类型和密度等)的分类和系统学意义。     

云丘山不同海拔梯度橿子栎叶性特征研究

在吕梁山南段云丘山,以橿子栎为主要研究对象,采用野外调查和室内实验相结合的方法,对比叶面积(SLA)、叶面积(LA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶长宽比(L/W)、叶绿素含量(Chl)以及叶氮含量等有代表性的指标进行分析.结果表明：(1)随着海拔梯度的增加,橿子栎 L/W、Chl、SLA、LA、单位面积的叶氮含量(N area )、单位重量的叶氮含量(N mass )、叶饱和鲜重和叶干重均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在海拔1180 m 处有最大值;LDMC 与海拔呈显著负相关(P ＜0．05);(2)橿子栎 LA 与 SLA 和 N mass 呈极显著正相关关系(P ＜0．01),与 LDMC 呈显著负相关关系(P ＜0．05),与 N area呈极显著负相关关系(P ＜0．01);(3)橿子栎叶片 SLA与 L/W 呈显著正相关(P ＜0．05),与 N mass 呈极显著正相关关系(P ＜0．01),橿子栎叶片 SLA 与 LDMC 和N area呈显著负相关关系(P ＜0．05);(4)橿子栎 LDMC 与 N area 呈显著正相关(P ＜0．05).通过对云丘山景区橿子栎叶片性状随海拔变化规律的研究,可以探索橿子栎叶片性状与海拔梯度变化的关系以及最适生长环境,从而为景区橿子栎林的保护和抚育提供理论依据,为合理开发橿子栎林资源提供基础资料.     

不同恢复群落中辽东栎种群空间格局分析

通过对茂县大沟流域人工恢复9年、人工恢复16年和自然恢复16年3个不同群落的取样调查,研究了辽东栎种群的空间分布格局及其动态变化。采用扩散系数、T检验、负二项参数、丛生指数和聚块性指数等指标进行拟合。结果表明,辽东栎种群大多呈显著性聚集分布,辽东栎幼苗、幼树和大幼树的聚集强度、格局规模在时间序列上大多呈上升趋势。辽东栎种群的聚集性与其本身具有的萌蘖性有关,聚集分布可以增强辽东栎种群的竞争能力,有利于辽东栎种群的演化和健康发展。辽东栎作为本地区的原生种是极具恢复价值的优势种,有关辽东栎种群在这一地区的生态恢复价值需要进一步的深入研究和充分利用。