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1.
Atar Selouane Driss Bouya Ahmed Lebrihi C. Decock Amina Bouseta 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2009,47(4):411-419
The effects of temperature, water activity (aw), incubation time, and their combinations on radial growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production of/by eight Aspergillus niger aggregate strains (six A. tubingensis and two A. niger) and four A. carbonarius isolated from Moroccan grapes were studied. Optimal conditions for the growth of most studied strains were shown to be at
25°C and 0.95 aw. No growth was observed at 10°C regardless of the water activity and isolates. The optimal temperature for OTA production
was in the range of 25°C∼30°C for A. carbonarius and 30°C∼37°C for A. niger aggregate. The optimal aw for toxin production was 0.95∼0.99 for A. carbonarius and 0.90∼0.95 for A. niger aggregate. Mean OTA concentration produced by all the isolates of A. niger aggregate tested at all sampling times shows that maximum amount of OTA (0.24 μg/g) was produced at 37°C and 0.90 aw. However, for A. carbonarius, mean maximum amounts of OTA (0.22 μg/g) were observed at 25°C and 0.99 aw. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of all single factors (aw, isolate, temperature and incubation time) and their interactions on growth and OTA production were highly significant. 相似文献
2.
S. Patharajan V. Karthikeyan K. R.N. Reddy D. Spadaro 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(18):1802-1814
Aspergillus carbonarius is known to colonize and produce ochratoxin A (OTA) on grapes and its derived products which is harmful to humans. We screened and tested A. carbonarius strains which isolated from grapes for production of OTA and selected three high OTA producing strains (ACSP1, ACSP2, ACSP3) for this study. These strains were further tested for their ability to produce OTA at different ecological factors [temperature 15, 25, 30, 35°C; water activity (aw) 0.98, 0.95, 0.90, 0.88; and pH 4.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0]. Out of the three strains tested, A. carbonarius ACSP3 produced high levels of OTA than ACSP2 and ACSP1 in all the ecological factors. At 30°C A. carbonarius strains produced the highest OTA compared with other temperature regimes. With reference to water activity, aw 0.98 favoured mycelial growth and accumulation of more OTA with all the three A. carbonarius strains. Further, pH 4.0 was encouraged the greatest production of OTA in all the strains. No growth was observed at aw 0.88 and pH 10.0 in all the three strains except the strain ACSP3 at high pH. Our work demonstrated that temperature 30°C, aw 0.98 and pH 4.0 is optimum for growth and production of OTA by A. carbonarius strains. Maximum amounts of OTA were found at earlier growth stages (7–9 days of incubation) in all the strains of A. carbonarius. The present study revealed that different ecological factors had great impact on OTA production by A. carbonarius which is useful for understanding OTA contamination and to develop proper management practices in future research programmes. 相似文献
3.
Production of hexanoic acid from d-galactitol by a newly isolated Clostridium sp. BS-1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Byoung Seung Jeon Byung-Chun Kim Youngsoon Um Byoung-In Sang 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,88(5):1161-1167
In a study screening anaerobic microbes utilizing d-galactitol as a fermentable carbon source, four bacterial strains were isolated from an enrichment culture producing H2, ethanol, butanol, acetic acid, butyric acid, and hexanoic acid. Among these isolates, strain BS-1 produced hexanoic acid
as a major metabolic product of anaerobic fermentation with d-galactitol. Strain BS-1 belonged to the genus Clostridium based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the most closely related strain was Clostridium sporosphaeroides DSM 1294T, with 94.4% 16S rRNA gene similarity. In batch cultures, Clostridium sp. BS-1 produced 550 ± 31 mL L−1 of H2, 0.36 ± 0.01 g L−1 of acetic acid, 0.44 ± 0.01 g L−1 of butyric acid, and 0.98 ± 0.03 g L−1 of hexanoic acid in a 4-day cultivation. The production of hexanoic acid increased to 1.22 and 1.73 g L−1 with the addition of 1.5 g L−1 of sodium acetate and 100 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), respectively. Especially when 1.5 g L−1 of sodium acetate and 100 mM MES were added simultaneously, the production of hexanoic acid increased up to 2.99 g L−1. Without adding sodium acetate, 2.75 g L−1 of hexanoic acid production from d-galactitol was achieved using a coculture of Clostridium sp. BS-1 and one of the isolates, Clostridium sp. BS-7, in the presence of 100 mM MES. In addition, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production by Clostridium sp. BS-1 from d-galactitol and d-glucose was enhanced when a more reduced culture redox potential (CRP) was applied via addition of Na2S·9H2O. 相似文献
4.
Liu J Zhang Z Liu Z Zhu H Dang H Lu J Cui Z 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2011,13(5):837-844
The aim of this work was to optimize the fermentation parameters in the shake-flask culture of marine bacterium Wangia sp. C52 to increase cold-adapted amylase production using two statistical experimental methods including Plackett–Burman
design, which was applied to find the key ingredients for the best medium composition, and response surface methodology, which
was used to determine the optimal concentrations of these components. The results showed starch, tryptone, and initial pH
had significant effects on the cold-adapted amylase production. A central composite design was then employed to further optimize
these three factors. The experimental results indicated that the optimized composition of medium was 6.38 g L−1 starch, 33.84 g L−1 tryptone, 3.00 g L−1 yeast extract, 30 g L−1 NaCl, 0.60 g L−1 MgSO4 and 0.56 g L−1 CaCl2. The optimized cultivation conditions for amylase production were pH 7.18, a temperature of 20°C, and a shaking speed of
180 rpm. Under the proposed optimized conditions, the amylase experimental yield (676.63 U mL−1) closely matched the yield (685.60 U mL−1) predicted by the statistical model. The optimization of the medium contributed to tenfold higher amylase production than
that of the control in shake-flask experiments. 相似文献
5.
Bifidobacterium longum grew at 65 L pilot scale of the membrane bioreactor (MBR), externally fitted with ceramic membrane (0.7 m2). Cell mass at the MBR reached 22.18 g L−1 as dry cell weight in 12 h, which is 8.44 times higher than cell mass attained at the vial culture. The growth rate in the
vial culture was μ = 0.385 h− and at the batch culture was μ = 1.13 h− in the exponential period and μ = 0.31 h−1 in the stationary period. In the fed-batch mode was μ = 1.102 h−1 for 6 h with inoculation and declined to μ = 0.456 h−1 with feeding of feed medium. The growth rate at the MBR was μ = 0.134 h−1. The number of viable cells was 6.01 × 1012 cfu L−1 at the batch culture, but increased to 1.15 × 1014 cfu L−1 at the MBR culture. The specific growth rate of viable cell number (colony-forming units per liter, per hour) improved by
6.01 times from the batch to the MBR culture. The wall shear stress mainly generated by the pump, and the membrane incorporated
into the MBR was controlled during the cultivation at the MBR. The viability of B. longum declined to under 10% in the first 2 weeks of the 4-week stability test (40°C) as B. longum was exposed to over wall shear stress 713 Pa, but the viability improved to 30–40% in wall shear stress of 260 Pa or STR
culture. The loss in the cell viability can be saved by managing with wall shear stress during the cultivation at the MBR. 相似文献
6.
Daisuke Sugimori 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,82(2):351-357
To develop a microbial treatment of edible oil-contaminated wastewater, microorganisms capable of rapidly degrading edible
oil were screened. The screening study yielded a yeast coculture comprising Rhodotorula pacifica strain ST3411 and Cryptococcus laurentii strain ST3412. The coculture was able to degrade efficiently even at low contents of nitrogen ([NH4–N] = 240 mg/L) and phosphorus sources ([PO4–P] = 90 mg/L). The 24-h degradation rate of 3,000 ppm mixed oils (salad oil/lard/beef tallow, 1:1 w/w) at 20°C was 39.8% ± 9.9% (means ± standard deviations of eight replicates). The highest degradation rate was observed at
20°C and pH 8. In a scaled-up experiment, the salad oil was rapidly degraded by the coculture from 671 ± 52.0 to 143 ± 96.7 ppm
in 24 h, and the degradation rate was 79.4% ± 13.8% (means ± standard deviations of three replicates). In addition, a repetitive
degradation was observed with the cell growth by only pH adjustment without addition of the cells. 相似文献
7.
T Roukas 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1999,22(6):617-621
Aureobasidium pullulans P56 was investigated using an adaptation technique and a mixed culture system. The adaptation of A. pullulans and the mixed cultures of A. pullulans and/or Lactobacillus brevisX20, Debaryomyces hansenii 194 and Aspergillus niger did not increase the production of polysaccharide. Enzymic hydrolysis of lactose in deproteinized whey gave a higher polysaccharide
concentration and polysaccharide yield than acidic hydrolysed lactose. Maximum polysaccharide concentration (11.0 ± 0.5 g L−1), biomass dry weight (10.5 ± 0.4 g L−1), polysaccharide yield (47.2 ± 1.8%) and sugar utilization (93.2 ± 2.8%) were achieved using enzyme-hydrolysed whey (pH 6.5)
containing 25 g L−1 lactose and supplemented with K2HPO4 0.5%, L-glutamic acid 1%, olive oil 2.5%, and Tween 80 0.5%. In this case the pullulan content of the crude polysaccharide was 40%.
Received 16 December 1997/ Accepted in revised form 12 March 1999 相似文献
8.
Four species of brown seaweeds, namely Sargassum baccularia, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum siliquosum and Turbinaria conoides, harvested from Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia were analysed for ash content, alginate yield and alginate properties.
Seaweeds calcined at 450°C were found to have low amount of non-combustible residue as these were not contaminated by calcareous
animals. Alginate was extracted from these seaweeds by two methods: hot and cold. In the hot method, the storing time was
3 h and the processing temperature was 50°C, whilst in the cold method, the sample was stored overnight at room temperature.
Higher yield of alginate was obtained by the hot method compared to the cold method, but alginate extracted by the cold method
gave higher molecular weight. In the hot method, 49.9% of alginate was extracted from S. siliquosum, followed by T. conoides (41.4%), S. binderi (38.9%) and S. baccularia (26.7%). Alginate extracted from T. conoides has an average molecular weight, M
w, of 8.06 × 105 g mol−1, whereas alginate from S. siliquosum was the lowest in M
w (4.81 × 105 g mol−1) when the extraction was done at room temperature. Alginate extracted from S. baccularia was found to be very heat-sensitive. Its M
w has dropped more than 83%, from 7.52 × 105 to 1.23 × 105 g mol−1, when the extraction temperature was raised. The effect of heat on the extent of depolymerisation of the alginate molecule
of the other three brown seaweed species was less significant, with decrease in molecular weight ranging between 13% and 16%. 相似文献
9.
S. A. Webster S. A. Mitchell W. A. Gallimore L. A. D. Williams M. H. Ahmad 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(2):112-118
A procedure for producing somatic embryos enriched with dibenzyl trisulfide (DTS) using a hormone-dependent culture system
is reported for Petiveria alliacea L. (Guinea hen weed). Leaf explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with a range of naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA) concentrations and a fixed concentration of benzyladenine (BAP) at 11.0 μM and sucrose or glucose at 30 g l−1. Leaf explants cultured on all media types started to form callus at the cut surfaces of the discs 10–14 d after initiation.
The type of sugar used influenced average fresh weight, the propensity to form roots, as well as the embryogenic response.
The highest mean fresh weight (337.7 ± 26.18 mg) and mean root number (23.7 ± 1.69) was produced on media enriched with sucrose
and supplemented with 53.7 μM NAA and 11.0 μM BAP. An ethanol extract of rhizogenic/embryogenic callus or somatic embryos
was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, which revealed the presence of DTS in both extracts. UV
spectral analysis and the use of standard quantitation procedures showed that the quantity of DTS in the somatic embryo extract,
at 0.16% (w/v), was approximately 30-fold higher than in rhizogenic/embryogenic callus (0.0055% w/v) of similar fresh weight. These results indicate that it is possible to biosynthesize approximately 6 mg of natural DTS from
3,808 mg of fresh somatic embryos within 10 wk from less than three leaf explants. 相似文献
10.
Raúl Muñoz María Hernández Ana Segura Joao Gouveia Antonia Rojas Juan Luis Ramos Santiago Villaverde 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,83(1):189-198
The long-term performance and stability of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 cultures, a toluene-sensitive strain harboring the genes responsible for toluene biodegradation in the archetypal plasmid
pWW0, was investigated in a chemostat bioreactor functioning under real case operating conditions. The process was operated
at a dilution rate of 0.1 h−1 under toluene loading rates of 259 ± 23 and 801 ± 78 g m−3 h−1 (inlet toluene concentrations of 3.5 and 10.9 g m−3, respectively). Despite the deleterious effects of toluene and its degradation intermediates, the phenotype of this sensitive
P. putida culture rapidly recovered from a 95% Tol− population at day 4 to approx. 100% Tol+ cells from day 13 onward, sustaining elimination capacities of 232 ± 10 g m−3 h−1 at 3.5 g Tol m−3 and 377 ± 13 g m−3 h−1 at 10.9 g Tol m−3, which were comparable to those achieved by highly tolerant strains such as P. putida DOT T1E and P. putida F1 under identical experimental conditions. Only one type of Tol− variant, harboring a TOL-like plasmid with a 38.5 kb deletion (containing the upper and meta operons for toluene biodegradation), was identified. 相似文献
11.
Vicentini FT Casagrande R Verri WA Georgetti SR Bentley MV Fonseca MJ 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2008,9(2):591-596
The purpose of this study was to develop a lyotropic liquid crystalline formulation using the emulsifier vitamin E TPGS and
evaluate its behavior after incorporation of a flavonoid, quercetin. The physical (macro and microscopic), chemical (determination
of quercetin content by the HPLC method) and functional (determination of quercetin antioxidant activity by DPPH• assay) stability of the lamellar liquid crystalline formulation containing flavonoid was evaluated when stored at 4 ± 2 °C;
30 ± 2 °C/70 ± 5% RH (relative humidity) and 40 ± 2 °C/70 ± 5% RH during 12 months. The lamellar liquid crystalline structure
of the formulation was maintained during the experiment, however chemical and functional stability results showed a great
influence of the storage period in all conditions tested. A significant decrease in quercetin content (approximately 40%)
was detected during the first month of storage and a similar significant loss in antioxidant activity was detected after 6 months.
The remaining flavonoid content was unchanged during the final 6 months of the experimental period. The results suggest possible
interactions between quercetin and the liquid crystalline formulation, which could inhibit or reduce the quercetin activity
incorporated in the system. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that incorporation of quercetin (1%) did not affect
the liquid crystalline structure composed of vitamin E TPGS/IPM/PG–H2O (1:1) at 63.75/21.25/15 (w/w/w). Nevertheless, of the total quercetin incorporated in the system only 60% was free to act as an antioxidant. 相似文献
12.
Alma R. López-Laredo Fanny D. Ramírez-Flores Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez Gabriela Trejo-Tapia 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(5):550-558
Tecoma stans is a tropical plant from the Americas. Antioxidant activity and both phenolic compound and flavonoid total content were determined
for callus tissue of T. stans cultured in either a set photoperiod or in darkness. Callus lines from three explant types (hypocotyls, stem, and leaf) were
established on B5 culture medium supplemented with 0.5 μM 2,4-D and 5.0 μM kinetin. While leaf-derived callus grew slower
under a 16-h photoperiod (specific growth rate, μ = 0.179 d−1, t
D = 3.9 d) than in darkness (μ = 0.236 d−1, t
D = 2.9 d), it accumulated the highest amount (p < 0.05) of both phenolics (86.6 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and flavonoids (339.6 ± 0.06 mg catechin equivalents/g).
Similarly, antioxidant activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) when callus was cultured in period light than when grown in extended darkness. Antioxidant activity measured with
a 2,20-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)-based assay was 350.5 ± 15.8 mmol Trolox/g
extract for callus cultured under a defined photoperiod compared to 129.1 ± 7.5 mmol Trolox/g extract from callus cultured
in darkness. Content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was in agreement with a better antioxidant power (EC50 = 450 μg extract/mg 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and antiradical efficiency. Results of the present study show that calli
of T. stans are a source of compounds with antioxidant activity that is favored by culture under a set photoperiod. 相似文献
13.
The changes in foliar concentrations of volatile terpenes in response to water stress, fertilization and temperature were
analyzed in Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex. The most abundant terpenes found in both species were α-pinene and Δ3-carene. β-Pinene and myrcene were also abundant in both species. P. halepensis concentrations were much greater than those of Q. ilex in agreement with the lack of storage in the latter species (15205.60 ± 1140.04 vs. 0.54 ± 0.08 μg g−1 [d.m.]). The drought treatment (reduction to 1/3 of full watering) significantly increased the total terpene concentrations
in both species (54% in P. halepensis and 119% in Q. ilex). The fertilization treatment (addition of either 250 kg N ha−1 or 250 kg P ha−1 or both) had no significant effects on terpene foliar concentrations. The terpene concentrations increased from 0.25 μg g−1 [d.m.] at 30°C to 0.70 μg g−1 [d.m.] at 40°C in Q. ilex (the non-storing species) and from 2,240 μg g−1 [d.m.] at 30°C to 15,621 μg g−1 [d.m.] at 40°C in P. halepensis (the storing species). Both species presented negative relationship between terpene concentrations and relative water contents
(RWC). The results of this study show that higher terpene concentrations can be expected in the warmer and drier conditions
predicted for the next decades in the Mediterranean region. 相似文献
14.
When Pseudomonas mendocina NK-01 was cultivated in a 200-L fermentor using glucose as carbon source, 0.316 g L−1 medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAMCL) and 0.57 g L−1 alginate oligosaccharides (AO) were obtained at the end of the process. GC/MS was used to characterize the PHAMCL, which was found to be a polymer mainly consisting of 3HO (3-hydroxyoctanoate) and 3HD (3-hydroxydecanoate). T
m and T
g values for the PHAMCL were 51.03°C and −41.21°C, respectively, by DSC. Its decomposition temperature was about 300°C. The elongation at break was
700% under 12 MPa stress. MS and GPC were also carried out to characterize the AO which had weight-average molecular weights
of 1,546 and 1,029 Da, respectively, for the two main components at the end of the fermentation process. MS analysis revealed
that the AO were consisted of β-d-mannuronic acid and/or α-l-guluronic acid, and the β-d-mannuronic acid and/or α-l-guluronic acid residues were partially acetylated at position C2 or C3. 相似文献
15.
N Kiran Sree M Sridhar K Suresh I M Banat L Venkateswar Rao 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2000,24(3):222-226
A repeated batch fermentation system was used to produce ethanol using an osmotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (VS3) immobilized in calcium alginate beads. For comparison free cells were also used to produce ethanol by repeated batch fermentation.
Fermentation was carried for six cycles with 125, 250 or 500 beads using 150, 200 or 250 g glucose L−1 at 30°C. The maximum amount of ethanol produced by immobilized VS3 using 150 g L−1 glucose was only 44 g L−1 after 48 h, while the amount of ethanol produced by free cells in the first cycle was 72 g L−1. However in subsequent fed batch cultures more ethanol was produced by immobilized cells compared to free cells. The amount
of ethanol produced by free cells decreased from 72 g L−1 to 25 g L−1 after the fourth cycle, while that of immobilized cells increased from 44 to 72 g L−1. The maximum amount of ethanol produced by immobilized VS3 cells using 150, 200 and 250 g glucose L−1 was 72.5, 93 and 87 g ethanol L−1 at 30°C. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 222–226.
Received 16 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 22 December 1999 相似文献
16.
Takashi Nemoto Taisuke Watanabe Yutaka Mizogami Jun-ichi Maruyama Katsuhiko Kitamoto 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,82(6):1105-1114
The recombinant Pichia pastoris harboring an improved methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) shuffled gene was employed to biosynthesize S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM). Two l-methionine (l-Met) addition strategies were used to supply the precursor: the batch addition strategy (l-Met was added separately at three time points) and the continuous feeding strategies (l-Met was fed continuously at the rate of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g l−1 h−1, respectively). SAM accumulation, l-Met conversion rate, and SAM productivity with the continuous feeding strategies were all improved over the batch addition
strategy, which reached 8.46 ± 0.31 g l−1, 41.7 ± 1.4%, and 0.18 ± 0.01 g l−1 h−1 with the best continuous feeding strategy (0.2 g l−1 h−1), respectively. The bottleneck for SAM production with the low l-Met feeding rate (0.1 g L−1 h−1) was the insufficient l-Met supply. The analysis of the key enzyme activities indicated that the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolytic pathway
were reduced with the increasing l-Met feeding rate, which decreased the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The MAT activity also decreased as the l-Met feeding rate rose. The reduced ATP synthesis and MAT activity were probably the reason for the low SAM accumulation when
the l-Met feeding rate reached 0.5 g l−1 h−1. 相似文献
17.
Chaoning Liang Yanfen Xue Marco Fioroni Francisco Rodríguez-Ropero Cheng Zhou Ulrich Schwaneberg Yanhe Ma 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,89(2):315-326
A β-1,4-endoglucanase (Cel5A) was cloned from the genomic DNA of saccharolytic thermophilic eubacterium Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4 and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that Cel5A cleaves specifically the β-1,4-glycosidic linkage in cellulose with high
activity (294 U mg−1; carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC)). On CMC, kinetics of Cel5A was determined (K
m 1.39 ± 0.12 g l−1; k
cat/K
m 1.41 ± 0.13 g−1 s−1). Cel5A displays an activity optimum between 75 and 80 °C. Residues Glu187 and Glu289 were identified as key catalytic amino
acids by sequence alignment. Interestingly, derived from a non-halophilic bacterium, Cel5A exhibits high residual activities
in molar concentration of NaCl (3 M, 49.3%) and KCl (4 M, 48.6%). In 1 M NaCl, 82% of Cel5A activity is retained after 24
h incubation. Molecular Dynamics studies performed at 0 and 3 M NaCl, correlate the Cel5A stability to the formation of R-COO−···Na+ ···−OOC-R salt bridges within the Cel5A tertiary structure, while activity possibly relates to the number of Na+ ions trapped into the negatively charged active site, involving a competition mechanism between substrate and Na+. Additionally, Cel5A is remarkably resistant in ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methyllimidazolium chloride (1 M, 54.4%) and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium
chloride (1 M, 65.1%) which are promising solvents for cellulose degradation and making Cel5A an attractive candidate for
industrial applications. 相似文献
18.
Böer E Breuer FS Weniger M Denter S Piontek M Kunze G 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,92(1):105-114
Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.20) hydrolyses the ester and depside bonds of gallotannins and gallic acid esters
and is an important industrial enzyme. In the present study, transgenic Arxula adeninivorans strains were optimised for tannase production. Various plasmids carrying one or two expression modules for constitutive expression
of tannase were constructed. Transformant strains that overexpress the ATAN1 gene from the strong A. adeninivorans TEF1 promoter produce levels of up to 1,642 U L−1 when grown in glucose medium in shake flasks. The effect of fed-batch fermentation on tannase productivity was then investigated
in detail. Under these conditions, a transgenic strain containing one ATAN1 expression module produced 51,900 U of tannase activity per litre after 142 h of fermentation at a dry cell weight of 162 g L−1. The highest yield obtained from a transgenic strain with two ATAN1 expression modules was 31,300 U after 232 h at a dry cell weight of 104 g L−1. Interestingly, the maximum achieved yield coefficients [Y(P/X)] for the two strains were essentially identical. 相似文献
19.
Part of the Larsen A Ice Shelf (64°15′S to 74°15′S) collapsed during January 1995. A first oceanographic and biological data
set from the newly free waters was obtained during December 1996. Typical shelf waters with temperatures near and below the
freezing point were found. A nutrient-rich water mass (max: PO4
3− 1.80 μmol L−1 and NO3
− 27.64 μmol L−1) was found between 70 and 200 m depth. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) values (max 14.24 μg L−1) were high; surface oxygen saturation ranged between 86 and 148%. Diatoms of the genera Nitzschia and Navicula and the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis sp. were the most abundant taxa found. Mean daily primary production (Pc) estimated from nutrient consumption was 14.80 ± 0.17 mgC m−3 day−1. Pc was significantly correlated with total diatom abundance and Chl-a. Calculated ΔpCO2 (difference of the CO2 partial pressure between surface seawater and the atmosphere) was –30.5 μatm, which could have contributed to a net CO2 flux from the atmosphere to the sea and suggests the area has been a CO2 sink during the studied period. High phytoplankton biomass and production values were found in this freshly open area, suggesting
its importance for biological CO2 pumping. 相似文献
20.
Seasonal dynamics of major biochemical features were studied for three abundant egg-diapausing copepods Acartia
bifilosa, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, in the White Sea (66°N), between June 2002 and September 2002. Dry weight (DW) and prosome length varied from 0.54 μg ind−1 and 0.163 ± 0.012 mm (A. bifilosa, CI) to 9.58 ± 0.72 μg ind−1 and 1.135 ± 0.167 mm (C. hamatus, females). Corg and Norg content reached up to 5.91 ± 0.44 and 1.23 ± 0.09 μg ind−1 (C. hamatus, females). Protein and lipid content varied greatly from 31.8 to 67.3% DW and from 8.7 to 42.6% DW, respectively. These species
show somewhat different biology compared to species at lower latitudes. The copepods use lipid stores to survive during short-term
food shortage (e.g. in autumn) and successfully complete their life cycle. In the isolated White Sea during last post-glacial
period, species probably evolved some special biochemical features (especially wax esters presence). Food quality demands
and long ice coverage are possible factors limiting early development of species in spring. 相似文献