共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jolanta Biesaga-Kocielniak Janusz Kocielniak Maria Filek Anna Janeczko 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(2):139-147
The aim of this study was to produce suspension cultures of winter wheat directly from immature embryos bypassing the callus
stage, and to determine their capacity for growth and regeneration in comparison to suspension cultures produced from callus.
The study was carried out using Polish winter wheat varieties: ‘Grana’ and ‘Rosa’. Immature embryos were isolated, homogenized
and transferred directly to liquid medium supplemented with 2,4-D. Actively dividing cell cultures were obtained within 2 months
after the cultures were started. Suspension cultures from callus of immature embryos was also produced. With both cultivars,
faster growth was observed in the suspension cultures produced directly from embryos than in the suspensions produced from
callus. Metabolic activity was higher in the suspension culture produced directly from embryos than in the suspension derived
from callus only in ‘Grana’. The production of 1-amiocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), an ethylene precursor, was lower
in the suspension cultures produced directly from embryos than in the suspensions produced from callus. Morphogenic capacity
was significantly higher in aggregates derived directly from embryos than in aggregates derived from callus. With ‘Rosa’,
about one third of the aggregates derived directly from embryos regenerated shoots. Production of ACC was lower in ‘Rosa’
cell culture that regenerated then in other cell cultures that did not. Photosystem II reactions were more efficient in dark
green aggregates than in light green or pale green aggregates which were unable to regenerate. With the method presented,
wheat cell suspension cultures with a regeneration potential can be produced in 2 or 3 months less time than with traditional
methods. 相似文献
2.
Ethylene influences green plant regeneration from barley callus 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The plant hormone ethylene is involved in numerous plant processes including in vitro growth and regeneration. Manipulating
ethylene in vitro may be useful for increasing plant regeneration from cultured cells. As part of ongoing efforts to improve
plant regeneration from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), we investigated ethylene emanation using our improved system and investigated methods of manipulating ethylene to increase
regeneration. In vitro assays of regeneration from six cultivars, involving 10 weeks of callus initiation and proliferation
followed by 8 weeks of plant regeneration, showed a correlation between regeneration and ethylene production: ethylene production
was highest from ‘Golden Promise’, the best regenerator, and lowest from ‘Morex’ and ‘DH-20’, the poorest regenerators. Increasing
ethylene production by addition of 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) during weeks 8–10 increased regeneration from
Morex. In contrast, adding ACC to Golden Promise cultures during any of the tissue culture steps reduced regeneration, suggesting
that Golden Promise may produce more ethylene than needed for maximum regeneration rates. Blocking ethylene action with silver
nitrate during weeks 5–10 almost doubled the regeneration from Morex and increased the Golden Promise regeneration 1.5-fold.
Silver nitrate treatment of Golden Promise cultures during weeks 8–14 more than doubled the green plant regeneration. These
results indicate that differential ethylene production is related to regeneration in the improved barley tissue culture system.
Specific manipulations of ethylene were identified that can be used to increase the green plant regeneration from barley cultivars.
The timing of ethylene action appears to be critical for maximum regeneration. 相似文献
3.
ADKINS STEPHEN W.; KUNANUVATCHAIDACH RATCHANEE; GRAY SIMONE J.; ADKINS ANDREA L. 《Journal of experimental botany》1993,44(12):1829-1835
Modifications to the gaseous envelope by callus during culturein Petri dishes were shown to reduce growth and promote necrosisof several rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Incubatingcallusunder a continuous flow of gas mixtures of known compositionsuggested that the inhibition of growth was caused by the accumulationof ethylene, the depletion of oxygen and, to a lesser extent,the accumulation of carbon dioxide. In order to evaluate theimportance of ethylene accumulation aminoethoxyvinylglycine(AVG), 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC and silvernitrate (AgNO3), were added to the nutrient medium and ethylenemeasurements performed during callus culture. Ethylene restrictedcallus growth particularly under high (35 °C) as comparedto moderate (25 °C) temperatures and under illuminated ascompared to darkened incubation. Under illuminated incubationat 25 °C AVG (5 mmol m3) and AgNO°(50 mmol m3)significantly improvedcallus growth (100 and 60% respectively)while ACC (200 mmol m3) significantly decreased growth(40%). AVG and AgNO3 were less effective under dark incubationat 25 °C where ethylene production was lower. Furthermore,callus growth was significantly better in large as comparedto small culture vessels since the ethylene concentration wasdiluted and more oxygen was available for respiration. Bettercontrol of ethylene and increased oxygen availability couldbe a way ofproducing healthy callus for the formation of embryogenictissues of otherwise recalcitrant cultivars of rice (e.g. IndicaIR42) and may be a way of improving manipulation of other cerealspecies. Key words: 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, callus, ethylene, Oryza sativa, silver nitrate 相似文献
4.
Pablito M. Magdalita Ian D. Godwin Roderick a. Drew Stephen W. Adkins 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,49(2):93-100
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) nodal cultures modified the atmosphere of the headspace of the vessel used for culture maintenance
by producing ethylene. Under culture maintenance nodal cultures grew poorly and leaves senesced. Incubating nodal cultures
under a range of ethylene concentrations suggested that this poor performance was caused in part, by the production of ethylene
and its accumulation in the headspace of the vessel. To further evaluate the role of ethylene accumulation in growth suppression,
aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and silver thiosulphate (STS), were added to the
nutrient medium and ethylene measurements performed during culture growth. The ethylene-suppressant, AVG, (1.2 μM) and the
ethylene-antagonist, STS, (0.3 mM) significantly improved nodal culture growth (283 and 289% respectively), leaf area production
(350 and 211% respectively) and reduced leaf senescence, while the ethylene-precursor, ACC, (1.5 mM) significantly decreased
culture growth (71%), leaf area production (88%) and promoted leaf senescence. Furthermore, nodal culture growth was significantly
better at 20 °C than 30 °C since ethylene production and accumulation were less in these conditions. Better control or management
of ethylene accumulation produces healthier nodal cultures for micro-propagation and may be a way of improving productivity
of other papaya shoot culture systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Tissue culture methods were developed for the induction, maintenance, and regeneration of embryogenic callus in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars Keller, Rio, and Wray. No significant differences were observed in production of embryogenic callus in cultures established from developmentally immature or mature embryo explants cultured on LS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D plus 0.5 mg/1 kinetin. Prolific callus production did not occur until the third four-week culture period. Long-term maintenance of embryogenic callus was dependent upon the selective transfer of embryogenic callus, with other callus types discarded. High-frequency plant regeneration was achieved and quantified on a fresh weight basis of embryogenic callus.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BA
benzyladenine
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- IBA
indolebutyric acid
- LS
Linsmaier and Skoog basal medium (Linsmaier and Skoog, 1965) 相似文献
6.
Amenability to tissue culture stages required for gene transfer, selection and plant regeneration are the main determinants
of genetic transformation efficiency via particle bombardment into sugarcane. The technique is moving from the experimental
phase, where it is sufficient to work in a few amenable genotypes, to practical application in a diverse and changing set
of elite cultivars. Therefore, we investigated the response to callus initiation, proliferation, regeneration and selection
steps required for microprojectile-mediated transformation, in a diverse set of Australian sugarcane cultivars. 12 of 16 tested
cultivars were sufficiently amenable to existing routine tissue-culture conditions for practical genetic transformation. Three
cultivars required adjustments to 2,4-D levels during callus proliferation, geneticin concentration during selection, and/or
light intensity during regeneration. One cultivar gave an extreme necrotic response in leaf spindle explants and produced
no callus tissue under the tested culture conditions. It was helpful to obtain spindle explants for tissue culture from plants
with good water supply for growth, especially for genotypes that were harder to culture. It was generally possible to obtain
several independent transgenic plants per bombardment, with time in callus culture limited to 11–15 weeks. A caution with
this efficient transformation system is that separate shoots arose from different primary transformed cells in more than half
of tested calli after selection for geneticin resistance. The results across this diverse cultivar set are likely to be a
useful guide to key variables for rapid optimisation of tissue culture conditions for efficient genetic transformation of
other sugarcane cultivars. 相似文献
7.
The level of ethylene accumulated in morphogenic callus cultures of Heliconia psittacorum L.f. was only one quarter that of non-morphogenic cultures. The rate of ethylene production in the morphogenic callus cultures during early stages of differentiation of protocorm-like bodies leading to plantlet regeneration was 10-fold higher than that during callus proliferation. In cultures sealed with gastight serum caps, fresh weight gain was reduced 2-to 3-fold compared to those that were closed with Kaputs. Treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ( 100 M) caused complete inhibition of plant regeneration from the morphogenic callus on subsequent culture under inductive conditions. Silver nitrate and aminoethoxyvinylglycine also reduced plant regeneration. These results indicate that while high levels of ethylene were inhibitory, a low level of endogenous ethylene production may be necessary during the plant regeneration phase in callus cultures of Heliconia.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- AC
activated charcoal
- ACC
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
- AVG
aminoethoxyvinylglycine
- BM
basal medium
- CH
casein hydrolysate
- DM
development medium
- MM
maintenance medium
- PLB
protocorm-like body 相似文献
8.
Ethylene production and growth of callus cultures of lavandin (Lavandula offidnalis Cham x Lavandula latifolia Villars) cv.
Grosso were examined. Callus lines, derived from various kinds of primary expiants (shoot tip, leaf and calyx), exhibited
differences in ethylene production patterns independent of callus growth. Moreover these differences could not be ascribed
to the expiant source. Within a line, ethylene pattern paralleled callus growth curve. Variations in ethylene evolution were
induced in shoot tip callus by means of ACC, AVG and varied amounts of 2,4-D in the culture medium. Following all these treatments
callus growth was not altered. Hie decrease in 2,4-D concentration caused changes in Chl a and water content of the tissues. 相似文献
9.
I. Famelaer E. Ennik W. Eikelboom J. M. Van Tuyl J. Creemers-Molenaar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,47(1):51-58
Cold treatment of seeds, obtained from crosses between cultivars ofT. gesneriana L., affects the developmental stage of embryos, which in turn influences the frequency of callus induction and the development
of different callus types. Cold-treated, mature embryos and basal segments ofin vitro-derived bulblets, were suitable explants for the initiation of regenerative callus on medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid. The bulblets were initiated on flower-stalk segments from cold-stored bulbs ofT. gesneriana ‘Christmas Marvel.’ Histological analyses of regenerative callus revealed the regeneration of bulb-like structures. The influences
of culture medium, culture conditions, growth regulators and acetylsalicylic acid, an inhibitor of ethylene, on the initiation
and establishment of regenerative callus cultures are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Response of twenty eight cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) to immature embryo culture, callus production and in vitro salt tolerance was evaluated. For assessment of cultivars to salt tolerance, growing morphogenic calli were exposed to different
concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1% w/v) added to the culture medium during two subsequent subcultures
(4 weeks each). Comparison of cultivars for callus induction from immature embryo was based on callus induction frequency
and fresh weight growth of callus (FWG). While, for salt tolerance, the relative fresh weight growth (RFWG) and necrosis percent
of callus were used. There were significant differences among cultivars for potential of regeneration from immature embryo,
and ‘Shahivandi’ a native durum wheat cultivar originating from western Iran was superior among the cultivars tested. The
FWG distinguished cultivars more than callus induction frequency did for callus induction evaluation. Hence, a range of FWG
from 1.23 to 14.65 g was observed in ‘Mexical-75’ and ‘Omrabi-5’ cultivars, respectively. Growing calli derived from cultivars
‘PI 40100’ and ‘Dipper-6’ showed superiority for tolerating salinity under in vitro conditions.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Summary Ethylene production was studied in shaken cultures ofPseudomonas putida andPseudomonas fluorescens isolated from soil and in unsterile garden soil samples moistened to 60% of the water holding capacity. The highest ethylene
accumulation in bacterial cultures was reached under conditions of delayed aeration,i.e. when the culture was closed and the aeration started after the oxygen content decreased to 4%. The ethylene production rose
immediately after the beginning of aeration. Under these conditions ethylene production was inP. fluorescens 2–3 times and in glucosecultivatedP. putida 6 times higher than in the fully aerated cultures. Methionine stimulated ethylene production byP. fluorescens, whereas glucose proved to be more suitable forP. putida. This strain was incapable of growth on methionine as the sole carbon source. Samples of nonsterile garden soil produced
the highest amounts of ethylene under anaerobic conditions. Artificial inoculation of soil samples byP. putida resulted in an increase of ethylene formation in samples with delayed aeration. Addition of glucose or glucose with methionine
stimulated ethylene production in all soil samples. 相似文献
12.
Relationships between callus origin and the nicotine contents as well as conditions of nicotine production in tobacco tissue cultures were investigated. Nicotine contents of callus tissues were remarkably affected by plant growth regulators in the culture medium. Thus, nicotine production was promoted by the regulators at lower concentrations, but gradually inhibited when the concentrations increased over an optimal region which was different among several kinds of the regulators. The nicotine contents also considerably depended on conditions of the callus induction as well as organ from which they were derived, at least just after callus induction. The differences due to the induction conditions were considered to be gradually lost during successive cultures. Thus, the nicotine contents appeared gradually to change to a certain level which mainly depended on the concentration of the regulators added to the culture medium. When such stabilized callus tissues were transferred to a culture medium containing another regulator or different concentration of the regulator, their nicotine contents rapidly changed to a new level depending on the culture conditions during a few successive cultures. The stabilized callus tissues grown on a medium containing 0.1 ppm α-NAA contained 0.5% of nicotine or more, which was almost the same level in root of the intact plant. 相似文献
13.
M. Szechyńska-Hebda E. Skrzypek G. Dąbrowska J. Biesaga-Kościelniak M. Filek M. Wędzony 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2007,29(4):327-337
As part of work to optimize the regeneration processes of winter wheat callus culture the effects of two auxins (2,4-D, IAA),
two cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin), and the fungal mycotoxin zearalenone, were tested individually in vitro using embryo-, and
inflorescence-derived callus. To determine the role of oxidative stress in cell regeneration, changes in the basic antioxidant
enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidases (PODs) were investigated. In general, zearalenone (ZEN)
was found to be more effective than cytokinin treatments for inducing shoot production, whereas auxins suppressed the regeneration
process. Regenerating callus showed higher induction of these antioxidant enzymes in comparison with non-regenerating callus.
SOD, CAT and POD activities were higher in callus derived from inflorescence than in callus derived from immature embryo.
Activities of SOD, CAT and POD in culture derived from immature embryos were depending on type of growth regulator in medium.
The highest enzyme activities were observed in non-regenerating tissues after auxins treatment and in regenerating tissues
after cytokinins treatment. The effect of ZEN was similar to that of cytokinins. One MnSOD band and two Cu/ZnSOD bands were
detected in all cultures. Changes in SOD izoform patterns occurred in callus culture on media with auxins and ZEN, but not
on media with cytokinins. Our results suggest that callus regeneration is associated with reactive oxygen species production
induced by specific growth regulators. Reactive oxygen species under the control of cellular antioxidant machinery can mediate
signalling pathways between exogenously applied growth regulators and the induction and/or creation of the direction of morphogenesis. 相似文献
14.
Carob callus from hypocotyl segments produced ethylene in different amounts which were related to the composition of the medium and age of the callus. Both light and darkness stimulated high levels of ethylene production. No correlation was found between growth rate and ethylene production under dark conditions. In the light, a significant correlation was found, indicating that ethylene production and growth rate follow one another. Culture medium was the most important factor in controlling the growth rate and ethylene production. The highest values of ethylene production were obtained on media showing highest callus growth rate. These studies seem to indicate that most of the ethylene produced is a by-product of metabolic changes during carob callus development, though, under certain conditions, the initial evolution could regulate growth. 相似文献
15.
The effects of ethylene and CO2 on shoot regeneration in excised leaf cultures of Paulownia kawakamii were examined. When both the gases were prevented from accumulating in the headspace of cultures using mercuric perchlorate and potassium hydroxide traps, shoot regeneration frequency improved and callus production was reduced compared to the control and cultures with only one of the gases trapped. Incorporation of either aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) or 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in the culture medium caused significant reduction in shoot regeneration. There was profuse callus production in the presence of high amounts of ACC, which was accompanied by over sixfold increase in the rate of ethylene production. However, in the presence of AVG callus production was delayed and shoot regeneration decreased, suggesting that low levels of ethylene might be needed for de novo shoot bud induction in Paulownia cultures.Abbreviations IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- MP
mercuric perchlorate
- AVG
aminoethoxyvinylglycine
- ACC
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 相似文献
16.
A. Ptak A. El. Tahchy G. Wyżgolik M. Henry D. Laurain-Mattar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(1):61-67
The influence of ethylene on in vitro morphogenesis of Leucojum aestivum and galanthamine accumulation was studied. Calli were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 25 μM
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and 0.5 μM benzyladenine (BA). During incubation under these conditions,
callus cultures produced ethylene (9.5 nL/g fresh weight: F.W.) whereas no ethylene was found in somatic embryos cultivated
on medium supplemented with 0.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 5 μM zeatin. Application of the precursor of ethylene
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) increased ethylene production in both cultures, and decreased callus growth by
a factor of 1.2, whereas callus growth was enhanced by a factor of 1.1 in the presence of an inhibitor of ethylene silver
nitrate (AgNO3) or by a factor of 1.2 with an absorbent potassium permanganate (KMnO4). ACC enhanced the induction of somatic embryos and the development of globular embryos. Removal of ethylene by KMnO4 during somatic embryogenesis led to the development of plants with greater length. Silver thiosulphate (STS) induced galanthamine
production in callus cultures (0.1% dry weight), whereas ACC induced galanthamine production in somatic embryo cultures (2%
dry weight). 相似文献
17.
Ethylene Production by Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Callus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tobacco callus cultures grown on defined agar-solidified media produced ethylene in differing amounts, which were related to cultural treatment and age of the callus. There was a close correlation between the rate of ethylene production and growth. In darkness, maximal rates occurred in the third week of growth with ethylene production in the range of 750 nl (callus piece)?1 d?1 (fr. wt. = 1.5 g), and in the light, maximal rates occurred in the first week of growth, 200 nl (callus piece)?1 d?1 (fr. wt. = 200 mg). Growth was also correlated with ethylene production when the latter was altered by exposure of the callus to inhibitors of ethylene synthesis, L-canaline, benzyl isothiocyanate, and 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid. No correlation was found following treatment with AgNO3, a presumptive inhibitor of ethylene action. The inhibition of growth and ethylene production by L-canaline was partially reversed by gassing the cultures with ethylene (1 μl/1). A mercuric perchlorate sink had no significant effect on growth. A possible relationship between ethylene evolution and growth is discussed. 相似文献
18.
Callus cultures derived from isogenic lines of the tomato cultivars Moneymaker and Craigella, resistant or susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1. Fungal growth was restricted on callus derived from resistant plants, after inoculation with a conidial suspension, whereas callus derived from susceptible plants was totally overgrown by the fungus within 7 days. The concentration of the phytoalexin rishitin was significantly higher in the callus culture derived from a resistant tomato line compared with the callus culture from a susceptible line, 2 and 3 days after inoculation with mycelium. The results of the experiments were compared with experiments with whole plants. Rishitin production as well as growth of the fungus was comparable with responses in plant-fungus interaction. Therefore callus culture may be useful in studying the interaction between tomato plants and race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. 相似文献
19.
The initiation and prolonged growth of callus, from stem explants of young plants of Hevea brasilienies on solid medium yielded a heterogeneous callus, with areas which are the result of compact growth interspersed with brown necrotic tissue and soft white tissue formations. Subculturing this callus (O callus) to agitated liquid medium and returning it to solid medium resulted in the production of a homogeneous friable and rapidly growing callus (Rl callus) The two established lines O and Rl have remained stable over one year in culture and differ in gross morphology, anatomy, growth and auxin content. Both were maintained on Murashige and Skoog's medium, with 2 mg/1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/I kinetin. R 1 but not O showed enhanced growth at the lower 2,4-D level of 0.2 mg/l: both lines failed to continue growing when 2,4-D was omitted. It is suggested that the changes resulting from subculture in agitated liquid medium are related to those undergone by callus cultures which become habituated. Thus the Rl callus line is regarded as partially habituated. Subculture in agitated liquid medium also resulted in the production of large numberr of polyploid cells but these did not persist over the long periods of subsequent growth on agar medium, Enhanced auxin production by the establihed Rl callus line was thus observed in the absence of a detectable level of polyploidy. 相似文献
20.
Callus induction and plant regeneration were studied in 15 cultivars of the facultative apomictic species Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass).The tissue culture responses of mature seeds and immature inflorescences were compared. Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium, supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used for callus induction and maintenance. Plants could be regenerated from compact and friable callus on MS medium devoid of 2,4-D. Plants were recovered from 14 cultivars at a high frequency (up to 79% of the callus cultures) when young inflorescences were used as the explant material and from only 3 cultivars, at a low frequency (up to 3%), with seeds. Somatic embryos were observed in callus cultures of many cultivars. Fully developed germinating somatic embryos were occasionally observed. Plant regeneration appeared to take place both via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis. Plants were generally green but albino shoots developed at a low frequency from friable callus.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- N6
medium of Chu et al. (1975) 相似文献