印度节旋藻TJSD rpoC1基因部分序列的克隆与分析

[目的]为进一步明确TJSD藻株的分类学地位,寻找用于螺旋藻、节旋藻分类的新靶标分子。[方法]采用PCR技术对印度节旋藻TJSD藻株的rpoC1基因进行扩增,利用相关生物信息学数据库及软件对其序列进行了分析。[结果]获得的rpoC1基因编码区片段长度为966 bp,GC含量为47.41%,由此推导的氨基酸的理论相对分子质量为29.16 kD,其中酸性、碱性、疏水性氨基酸的比例分别为14.29%、16.77%、42.86%,与其它蓝藻同源序列的相似度在76%~99%之间。该藻株与Arthrospira sp.PCC8005藻株的遗传距离仅为0.001,在NJ树中聚在一起,且得到了100%的支持率,与蓝藻中其它属明显分为了不同的类群。[结论]TJSD为节旋藻属且rpoC1基因序列可在属及其以上水平用于节旋藻系统发育分析。     

16S rRNA及rpoC1基因用于螺旋藻、节旋藻系统发育的比较北大核心CSCD

【目的】利用16S rRNA和rpoC1基因分子标记研究螺旋藻、节旋藻的系统发育关系,并对其区分能力进行比较。【方法】以84株螺旋藻、节旋藻为研究对象,对其进行16S rRNA、rpoC1基因序列的扩增、测序及分析,并对构建的系统发育树进行对比。【结果】rpoC1基因序列保守位点所占比例49.7%、平均G+C百分含量47.7%和序列相似度76%–100%明显低于16S rRNA基因序列的79.4%、55.6%和91%–100%,其变异程度高于16S rRNA基因;基于16S rRNA、rpoC1基因构建的系统发育NJ树拓扑结构基本一致,84株实验藻株分为2个属3个类群,其中仅F-351、F-904-2、F-1070和TJBC14-1藻株为螺旋藻,其余均为节旋藻;虽然2个基因都不能区分形态种和地理种,但rpoC1基因NJ树的置信度(100%)高于16S rRNA基因(99%),属内分群效果也明显优于16S rRNA基因。【结论】支持了螺旋藻、节旋藻为两个不同属的结论,且在属内分类时rpoC1基因比16S rRNA基因具有更高的区分度。     

EPT昆虫群落分布与环境因子的相关性

为了研究EPT昆虫与水环境因子的相关性,在2006年6-7月和9-10月分季在丹江口水库两条主水源河流上分设5个采样点,对EPT昆虫和水质采样检测。结果共检测到EPT昆虫780头,为12科16种(或种团),水质理化指标7项。简单相关分析与复相关分析都表明,氮浓度、磷浓度、生化需氧量与EPT昆虫密度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与EPT昆虫的种数呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。典型相关分析表明,EPT昆虫组与环境因子组有极显著的正相关（P<0.0001）,EPT昆虫组主要目为蜉蝣目和襀翅目,环境因子组主要因子为氮浓度、磷浓度、生化需氧量。由此得出：即使在低污染、低营养程度的水环境下,EPT昆虫与环境因子也表现出群体的显著相关性,环境因子对EPT昆虫分布有重要影响。     

于桥水库浮游植物丰度与环境因子的相关性

2012 年5月-11 月,对天津于桥水库浮游植物丰度及其环境因子进行监测,并运用灰色关联分析方法对浮游植物丰度与环境因子进行相关性分析。结果表明于桥水库浮游植物丰度时间分布以11 月最高,为117.30×105 ind/L;9 月最低,为60.52×105 ind/L;空间分布表现为5 月、11 月均为5#采样点最高,分别为239.25×105 ind/L,142.80×105 ind/L;8 月、9月最高均为1#采样点,分别为111.75×105 ind/L,78.05×105 ind/L。灰关联分析结果表明,对于桥水库浮游植物丰度影响最大的环境因子是总磷,总磷的相关性系数是0.782 2,因此控制外源性磷的输入,对于维持于桥水库的生态系统的健康是非常重要的。     

杨树生理生态指标与环境因子之间相关性分析

为了揭示杨树生理生态指标与环境因子间综合复杂的关系,找出重要指标,在适宜土壤水分、中度干旱和严重干旱3种土壤水分条件下研究水分胁迫对杨树生理生长变化的影响;在人工控制条件下,研究叶片净光合速率(Pn)、叶片气孔导度(Gs)随光合有效辐射(PAR)和CO2浓度变化的反应关系;在中度干旱条件下,通过直接相关和综合相关分析,揭示各指标间相互影响的复杂关系。结果分析表明,水分胁迫对杨树生理生长变化有显著影响,是主要因子。在中度干旱条件下,对杨树有重要影响的因子依次为:光合有效辐射(PAR)、CO2浓度、大气温度(Ta);能够反映杨树生理生态特性的重要指标依次为:耗水量、蒸腾速率(Tr)、呼吸速率(R)和净光合速率(Pn).由此获得基本结论:杨树的生理生长变化受土壤水分、光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气CO2浓度和大气温度等多个环境因子的综合影响极其显著,其生理生长变化特征也宜采用多个指标来反应。直接相关分析不足以反映它们间的复杂关系,综合分析优于直接相关分析,分析方法科学合理,值得研究推广。     

cpcHID操纵子序列用于钝顶节旋藻品系分类与鉴定的研究

克隆并测定7株钝顶节旋藻品系的cpcHID操纵子序列,以及16SrRNA和16S-23SrRNA转录单元内间隔区(ITS)序列,进一步通过生物信息学和分子系统学等研究发现:(1)7株品系的cpcHID序列,以及16SrRNA和ITS序列具有很高的相似性。(2)基于7株品系cpcHID序列的GC含量绝对偏差平均值、碱基变异率和遗传距离系数普遍比基于16SrRNA和ITS序列的大。(3)基于cpcHID序列的分类结果与基于16SrRNA和ITS序列的十分相近。因此,cpcHID可作为节旋藻等蓝细菌分类与鉴定的一种新的分子标记,特别是以其丰富的信息量而在品系水平的分类鉴定中占有优势。     

福建省火炬松生长与环境因子的典型相关分析

运用典型相关分析等多元统计方法对福建省火炬松（Pinus taeda Linn.)人工林的生长与环境因子间的相互关系进行分析。结果表明,对地处亚热带的福建省而言,火炬松的生长性状除了与年龄、密度有关外,与年均温、≥10℃积温呈正相关,与年降水量呈负相关,从而为火炬松的栽培区划和生产力评价提供科学依据。     

仿刺参养殖池塘浮游病毒丰度与环境因子的相关性分析

为了揭示仿刺参养殖池塘生态系统中浮游病毒与环境因子的关系,于2008年3—11月对大连市谢屯地区的仿刺参养殖池塘中的浮游病毒丰度进行了定期检测,同时对水温、pH、溶解氧、盐度、叶绿素a含量、化学需氧量、无机氮、活性磷酸盐、异养细菌等因子进行了监测,对浮游病毒丰度与这些环境因子之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:仿刺参养殖池塘中浮游病毒的平均丰度为8.32×1010VLPs.L-1(最高值为4月的18.2×1010VLPs.L-1,最低值为11月的1.31×1010VLPs.L-1),外海水中浮游病毒平均丰度为6.45×1010VLPs.L-1(最高值为4月的12.6×1010VLPs.L-1,最低值为6月的2.02×1010VLPs.L-1),仿刺参养殖池塘中营养盐、水温、pH及盐度对浮游病毒丰度的影响较大,而外海水中叶绿素a和异养细菌对浮游病毒丰度的影响较大。     

紫外线和60Coγ射线对钝顶节旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)的诱变效应

将对数期的钝顶节旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)(原名钝顶螺旋藻,Spirulina platensis)A9菌株用超声波40 s预处理破碎成2个~4个细胞大小的片断,分别用不同剂量的紫外线(UV)和60Coγ射线处理,诱变后经3小时避光预培养分别接种于液体和固体培养基进行培养。固体培养时UV照射70 s和60Coγ照射3 500 Gy后无菌体存活,而在液体培养中高剂量处理的样品可以部分恢复生长。将诱变后的菌液分别加入20μg.mL-1的ρ-氟苯丙氨酸(-ρfluorophenylalan ine,FPA)和20μg.mL-1的刀豆氨酸(L-canavan ine su lphate,CS),放入光照培养箱中预培养3 d~4 d后涂于含相同浓度的氨基酸类似物FPA和CS平板,培养30 d后计算抗氨基酸类似物突变株的突变率。UV对A9菌株的完全致死剂量LD和存活率37%时的剂量D37值分别为70 s和22 s,LD/D37=3.18。A9菌株经UV诱变25 s时存活率为28.7%,抗FPA和抗CS突变率分别为2.31×10-3和1.50×10-3,最大诱变效应比(MME)分别为48.53和52.63。60Coγ射线对A9菌株的LD和D37值分别为3 500 Gy、1 250 Gy,LD/D37=2.8。60Coγ射线显著提高A9菌株的突变率,当诱变剂量为2 000 Gy、存活率为10.49%时A9菌株突变率最高,抗FPA和抗CS突变率分别为5.07×10-3和0.964×10-3,最大诱变效应比(MME)分别为241.43和74.15。60Coγ射线对钝顶节旋藻A9菌株的损伤比UV造成的损伤强烈(低的LD/D37值),比UV具有较大的诱变效应(高MME值)。采用两种诱变剂获得的抗FPA突变率都要高于抗CS突变率。通过诱变获得了大量的抗氨基酸类似物突变株,为遗传重组研究提供携带重要遗传标记的材料。     

用灰关联法分析环境因子对辛安泉泉溪大型藻类的影响

研究了环境因子对辛安泉泉域泉溪大型藻类的影响。2009年7月~2010年4月对标本进行了4次采集（每个季节一次）,对每个采样点的环境因子水温,pH,电导,溶氧,流速,水体最大深度和宽度进行了监测和记录,同时对标本进行了显微观察和鉴定。经鉴定,该泉域共有大型藻类植物42种。采用灰关联分析法分析了以上环境因子对泉溪大型藻类植物种类数的影响。结果表明,影响的关键因子为水温和流速。分析结果与前人文献相一致。因此,表明将灰关联分析法应用于藻类生态环境研究方面是可行的。     

Physiological behaviour of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima during acclimation to changes in irradiance

The physiological behaviour of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima during acclimation to sudden changes in irradiance from high (HL) to low light (LL) and vice versa was studied by following parameters concerning growth rate, pigment, carbohydrate and protein cell contents. Applying first order kinetics, the specific acclimation rates for the parameters considered were calculated. During HL to LL shift, pigments increased to compensate for a reduction in growth irradiance in order to maintain relatively high growth rates, whereas carbohydrates decreased at the highest rate. The synthesis of phycobiliproteins proceeded at a rate similar or little higher than that of chlorophyll a, indicating their importance in the light harvesting at low irradiance. During LL to HL shift, carbohydrate biosynthesis was increased, whereas pigment and protein cell contents decreased. The kinetic analysis suggested that the pigment decrease could be accounted for both by dilution through growth and in vivo degradation. During this transition, the initially high cell pigment content gave rise to a very heavy carbohydrate synthesis, which for a short time, after the shift to HL conditions, overshot the final steady-state. In the same period the specific growth rate also increased notably, overshooting the μmax. The acclimation rates of the measured parameters were faster during LL to HL transition then during the reverse. The physiological response of A. maxima during the acclimation to sudden irradiance shifts points out the ability of this cyanobacterium to alter light harvesting and highlights again the key role of carbohydrates when the cells underwent an energy crisis during down-shift. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Application of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis biomass for silver removal from aqueous solutions

The cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis was used to study the process of silver biosorption. Effects of various parameters such as contact time, dosage of biosorbent, initial pH, temperature, and initial concentration of Ag(I) were investigated for a batch adsorption system. The optimal biosorption conditions were determined as pH 5.0, biosorbent dosage of 0.4 g, and initial silver concentration of 30 mg/L. Equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models – however, the Freundlich model provided a better fit to the experimental data. The kinetic data fit the pseudo-second-order model well, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The analysis of thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) revealed that the adsorption process of silver ion by spirulina biomass was exothermic and spontaneous (ΔG° < 0), and exothermic (ΔH° < 0) process. The biosorption capacity of biomass A. platensis serves as a basis for the development of green technology for environmental remediation.     

螺旋藻乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)的研究

采用比色法对鄂尔多斯高原碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻(S1)与国外引进的钝顶螺旋藻(S2)和极大螺旋藻(S3)的乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)进行了比较研究。结果表明:在25℃、pH 8.0条件下,S1、S2和S3的GO活性分别为70.9 U/gFW、59.6 U/gFW和80.9 U/gFW;最适温度均为30℃;在0℃~35℃(30℃)范围内比较稳定;最适pH值分别为8.6、8.2和8.4;pH值稳定范围,S1为7.6~10.0、S2为8.0~9.0;S3为8.0~8.6。S1的GO对温度和pH适应范围最宽,且在低温、高温、强酸和强碱下的活性均比引进种的高。     

鄂尔多斯高原碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻光合生理研究

鄂尔多斯高原碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻光合色素含量高低排列为藻胆素>叶绿素a>类胡萝卜素;各色素具有特定的吸收光谱,活体吸收光谱体现出了各色素的吸收;各色素的荧光发射主峰波长约长于活体的13￣35nm,相对荧光强度约是活体的11倍。其光合速率的日变化呈单峰曲线,13:00时达到最高;光补偿点为28￣30μmol.m-2.s-1;光饱和点为220￣235μmol.m-2.s-1;光合作用的最适温度为35℃。呼吸速率日变化随温度的升高呈缓慢上升的趋势。     

低温对螺旋藻可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸外渗的影响

以鄂尔多斯高原碱湖特有的钝顶螺旋藻S1、引进的钝顶螺旋藻S2和极大螺旋藻S3为材料,采用Folin法和茚三酮法分别测定低温下细胞外渗液中可溶性蛋白和游离氮基酸含量。结果表明：处理温度越低,时间越长,螺旋藻细胞外渗液中可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸的含量越高。S1膜损伤程度最轻,比引进种S2、S3有较强的抗寒能力。判断低温对螺旋藻膜损伤的程度,用可溶性蛋白较游离氨基酸更接近于实际。     

低温胁迫对螺旋藻脱氢酶活性的影响

低温胁迫试验结果表明,处理的温度越低、天数越长,鄂尔多斯高原碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻S1、引进的钝顶螺旋藻S2和极大螺旋藻S3细胞内脱氢酶活性越低。在每一种处理下,脱氧酶活性高低的排列顺序均为S1〉S2〉S3。脱氢酶活性的Q10值变化范围排列为S1〈S2〈S3。S1的生理活动临界低温为5℃,S2和S3的为15℃。S1对低温有较强的适应性,为耐寒植物;S2和S3为冷敏感植物。     

Kinetic and growth parameters of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivated in tubular photobioreactor under different cell circulation systems

Arthrospira platensis was cultivated in tubular photobioreactor in order to evaluate growth and biomass production at variable photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD = 60, 120, and 240 μmol photons m(-2)s(-1)) and employing three different systems for cell circulation, specifically an airlift, a motor-driven pumping and a pressurized system. The influence of these two independents variables on the maximum cell concentration (X(m)), cell productivity (P(x)), nitrogen-to-cell conversion factor (Y(X/N) ), photosynthetic efficiency (PE), and biomass composition (total lipids and proteins), taken as responses, was evaluated by analysis of variance. The statistical analysis revealed that the best combination of responses' mean values (X(m) = 4,055 mg L(-1), P(x) = 406 mg L(-1)day(-1), Y(X/N) = 5.07 mg mg(-1), total lipids = 8.94%, total proteins = 30.3%, PE = 2.04%) was obtained at PPFD = 120 μmol photons m(-2)s(-1); therefore, this light intensity should be considered as the most well-suited for A. platensis cultivation in this photobioreactor configuration. The airlift system did not exert any significant positive statistical influence on the responses, which suggests that this traditional cell circulation system could successfully be substituted by the others tested in this work.     

乳山湾浮游植物与环境因子的相关关系研究

研究了１９９５年乳山湾６～９月浮游植物与环境因子的关系,结果表明,浮游植物与环境因子有着密切关系,无机营养盐与浮游植物数量有较好的负相关关系;无机氮和无机磷与浮游植物相关系数分别为－０．６７和－０．８０。而溶解氧和叶绿素－ａ与浮游植物呈较密切的正相关关系,其相关系数分别为０．９２和０．８５。由Ｎ／Ｐ分析,除８月下旬外,其它月份无机氮对于浮游植物的繁殖生长均显得相对紧缺。     

阳光紫外辐射和盐胁迫对钝顶螺旋藻光合作用和形态变化的耦合效应

将钝顶螺旋藻培养在含有不同NaCl浓度（0、0．4、0．8mol·L^-1）的培养基中,并置于室外全波段太阳辐射、阳光辐射滤除uvB以及光合有效辐射（PAR）三种辐射条件下,以探讨阳光uV辐射和盐胁迫对钝顶螺旋藻的耦合效应。结果表明,阳光uv辐射显著抑制钝顶螺旋藻的光化学效率,且随着盐浓度的提高,其受抑制程度加剧。D1蛋白含量在高水平PAR和uV辐射下都明显降低,而高盐浓度（0．8mol·L^-1NaCl）导致其含量进一步下降。此外,阳光uv辐射与盐胁迫的耦合作用使得藻丝发生明显断裂。     

Influence of ammonium chloride feeding time and light intensity on the cultivation of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis

This study dealt with the influence of both the feeding time and light intensity on the fed-batch culture of the cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis using ammonium chloride as a nitrogen source. For this purpose, a 2(2) plus star central composite experimental design combined with response surface methodology was employed, and the maximum cell concentration (X(m)), the cell productivity (P(X)), and the yield of biomass on nitrogen (Y(X/N)) were selected as the response variables. The optimum values of X(m) (1,833 mg L(-1)) and Y(X/N) (5.9 g g(-1)) estimated by the model at light intensity of 13 klux and feeding time of 17.2 days were very close to those obtained experimentally under these conditions (X(m) = 1,771 +/- 41 mg L(-1); Y(X/N) = 5.7 +/- 0.17 g g(-1)). The cell productivity was a decreasing function of the ammonium chloride feeding time and a quadratic function of the light intensity. The protein and lipid contents of dry biomass collected at the end of cultivations were shown to decrease with increasing light intensity.