大肠埃希菌的分型研究

目的分析上海某医院各科室分离大肠埃希菌的药敏状况和致病性,了解大肠埃希菌在该院流行情况。方法采用K-B琼脂法进行药敏试验,多重PCR技术进行基因分型。结果药敏结果显示该菌对多种常用抗生素具有耐药性,仅对阿米卡星等药物敏感。85株菌分为4个基因型,其中B2型25株,致病性最强;D型37株,致病性次之。菌株间亲缘关系表明可能存在院内流行。结论实验获得菌株具有较强耐药性和致病性,应当采取相应的措施预防院内感染的流行。     

非致病性大肠埃希菌能增多大肠埃希菌O157:H7志贺毒素的产生

大肠埃希菌(简称大肠杆菌)O157：H7毒力因子为志贺毒素2(stx2),其基因由温和噬菌体编码,由晚期基因启动子调控表达。stx2的合成与释放需要诱导噬菌体溶菌周期,而且正常肠道大肠杆菌感染了毒素编码的噬菌体就能制造毒素和噬菌体,使毒素水平远远超过病原性菌株本身的产量,作者在体外以及鼠肠道验证了这一假设。     

板蓝根多糖抑制致病性大肠埃希菌细胞黏附的试验研究

研究板蓝根多糖能否影响致病性大肠埃希菌对细胞的黏附。使用PK-15细胞进行了黏附试验及黏附抑制试验。在所选的4个浓度中,板蓝根多糖浓度为1.6mg/mL时,对细菌黏附细胞的抑制作用最好,黏附力由每个细胞黏附44.8个细菌降低到6.3个细菌。板蓝根多糖对致病性大肠埃希菌的细胞黏附具有抑制作用,提示该多糖具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值。     

牛膝多糖抑制大肠埃希菌细胞粘附的实验研究

目的 :研究牛膝多糖能否影响大肠埃希菌对细胞的粘附。方法 :使用 Hela细胞进行了粘附试验及粘附抑制试验。结果 :发现牛膝多糖浓度为 0 .8mg/ml时 ,对细菌的细胞粘附抑制最为明显 ,粘附率由(2 5 7.0± 5 .2 )个细菌 /细胞 降低到 (63 .6± 3 .6)个细菌 /细胞 。结论 :牛膝多糖对大肠埃希菌的细胞粘附具有抑制作用 ,提示该多糖具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值     

大肠埃希菌TA系统mazEF的研究进展

大部分细菌的遗传物质中含有毒素-抗毒素系统(TA)的遗传基因.mazEF是大肠埃希菌染色体上的一对毒素抗毒素基因,由毒素基因mazF和抗毒素基因mazE组成.其在细菌的生长调控和细胞程序性死亡中发挥了重要的作用.环境压力激活mazEF后,MazF可以通过对mRNA的剪切作用造成翻译停止.mazEF的存在可以增加细菌对环境压力的耐受性、保持细菌遗传物质的稳定、参与抗生素引起的细胞死亡、也在细菌的耐药性中发挥重要作用.     

大肠埃希菌基因组研究

大肠埃希菌是最早启动全基因组测序的细菌之一,但是对于大肠埃希菌作为共生菌存在于人类和动物肠内的生物学本质尚不清楚。目前,研究人员正在对大肠埃希菌基因组中每个必需基因的功能进行研究,以期能进一步了解大肠埃希菌的生物学特性。本文就大肠埃希菌基因组研究现状、研究方法及其后基因组研究等方面进行综述。     

中药抗耐药大肠埃希菌研究进展

近年来,耐药大肠埃希菌感染日趋严重,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌株不断增加,由于细菌的多重耐药性,西药抗生素治疗效果差.医药工作者将新药物研究的方向投向中药.本研究就近年来中药抗耐药大肠埃希菌研究进展进行综述.     

泌尿系统感染高龄患者大肠埃希菌耐药性分析

目的:探究高龄患者泌尿系统感染大肠埃希菌对常用药物的耐药性,指导临床医生合理用药。方法:按照标准操作规程采集我院泌尿系统感染高龄患者的尿液,作常规尿标本培养和分离,应用微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定,采用纸片扩散法进行药物敏感试验,采用纸片扩散法和双纸片确证法完成产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株的检测。结果:129株大肠埃希菌中,检测出产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株有62株,占48.1%;在17种常用抗生素敏感试验中,亚胺培南敏感性最高(100%),无耐药株出现,对第一、二、三和四代头孢类抗生素均出现了不同程度的耐药性,对氨苄西林、四环素和哌拉西林高度耐药(均超过了95%)。结论:泌尿系统感染高龄患者大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗生素耐药性逐年升高,且产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株也逐渐增多,这就要求临床医生严格合理应用抗生素,尽量避免耐药菌株的出现。     

大肠埃希菌耐药性水平传播实验研究

目的研究重症监护病房（ICU）患者标本中分离的大肠埃希菌的耐药情况以及耐药性水平传播的实验研究。方法采取双纸片法（K-B）检测细菌的耐药性;产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠埃希菌为供体菌,耐利福平大肠埃希菌（对其他抗生素敏感）作为受体菌进行接合实验;采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术扩增整合子和耐药基因。结果30株大肠埃希菌中产ESBLs菌株检出率为46．7％;接合培养后,接合菌携带23kb和25kb大质粒,而无供体菌中一系列小质粒;供体菌和接合菌均携带I型整合子。结论大肠埃希菌耐药性严重,且呈多重耐药性;产ESBLs菌株可通过质粒和整合子将耐药基因转移给敏感菌,导致耐药性传播。     

肠出血性大肠埃希菌产生的Vero毒素

本文简要述及Ｖｅｒｏ毒素的分子结构,生物学活性,作用机理,毒素分子中氨基酸置换对毒素活性的影响和Ｖｅｒｏ毒素及其基因的检测。     

复合生物防腐剂杀菌效果优化及草莓保鲜效果研究

为研究复合生物防腐剂(ε-聚赖氨酸、乳酸链球菌素、生物表面活性素质量百分比1:1:1混合)能否代替化学性食品防腐剂,通过敏感性测定、杀菌优化实验,草莓防腐应用试验,研究了其对指示菌点青霉的抑制效果。结果表明,点青霉对复合生物防腐剂较为敏感,其抑菌圈直径为18.73mm。利用响应曲面法对复合防腐剂杀灭点青霉孢子作用优化后,在温度为4.40℃、作用时间为9.95h、浓度为0.96mg/mL的情况下可以将基质中的点青霉孢子降低4个数量级。草莓防腐试验表明在自然贮藏10d其最高防效可达85.2%,防腐效果显著。     

Activity of natural antimicrobial compounds against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of several natural organic compounds alone or in combination with nisin against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. METHODS AND RESULTS: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five natural organic compounds were determined, and the effect of their combinations with nisin was evaluated by the checkerboard assay using the Bioscreen C. As expected, nisin by itself showed no inhibition against either of the Gram-negative bacteria. Thymol was found to be the most effective with the lowest MIC values of 1.0 and 1.2 mmol 1-1 against Salm. Typhimurium and E. coli, respectively. After thymol, the antimicrobial order of the natural organic compounds was carvacrol > eugenol > cinnamic acid > diacetyl. However, the combination of nisin with the natural organic compounds did not result in the enhancement of their antimicrobial activities. On the contrary, combination of nisin with diacetyl against Salm. Typhimurium resulted in an antagonism of diacetyl activity. CONCLUSIONS: While the individual natural organic compounds showed inhibitory activity against the two Gram-negatives, their combinations with nisin showed no improvement of antimicrobial activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows the potential of the natural organic compounds to control E. coli and Salm. Typhimurium.     

壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的抑制作用规律及抗菌机理初探

考察了不同分子量壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的抑菌性能,利用壳聚糖的席夫碱反应对其氨基加以保护,探讨了壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的抗菌机理。研究结果表明:壳聚糖分子量越小,对大肠杆菌的抗菌作用越明显;壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用与其氨基的质子化有关。     

Inhibition of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis adhesion and biofilm formation on medical grade silicone surface

Silicone has been utilized extensively for biomedical devices due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodurability properties. However, its surface is easily colonized by bacteria which will increase the probability of nosocomial infection. In the present work, a hydrophilic antimicrobial carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) layer has been grafted on medical grade silicone surface pre-treated with polydopamine (PDA). The increase in hydrophilicity was confirmed from contact angle measurement. Bacterial adhesion tests showed that the PDA-CMCS coating reduced the adhesion of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis by ≥ 90%. The anti-adhesion property was preserved even after the aging of the functionalized surfaces for 21 days in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and also after autoclaving at 121°C for 20 min. Both E. coli and P. mirabilis readily form biofilms on the pristine surface under static and flow conditions but with the PDA-CMCS layer, biofilm formation is inhibited. The flow experiments indicated that it is more difficult to inhibit biofilm formation by the highly motile P. mirabilis as compared to E. coli. No significant cytotoxicity of the modified substrates was observed with 3T3 fibroblasts.     

Inhibition of growth of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli by nonpathogenic Escherichia coli

During routine quality control testing of diagnostic methods for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) using stool samples spiked with STEC, it was observed that the Shiga toxin could not be detected in 32 out of 82 samples tested. Strains of E. coli isolated from such stool samples were shown to be responsible for this inhibition. One particular isolate, named E. coli 1307, was intensively studied because of its highly effective inhibitory effect; this strain significantly reduced growth and Shiga toxin levels in coculture of several STEC strains regardless of serovar or Shiga toxin type. The probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 inhibited growth and reduced Shiga toxin levels in STEC cultures to an extent similar to E. coli 1307, but commensal E. coli strains and several other known probiotic bacteria (enterococci, Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus acidophilus ) showed no, or only small, inhibitory effects. Escherichia coli 1307 lacks obvious fitness factors, such as aerobactin, yersiniabactin, microcins and a polysaccharide capsule, that are considered to promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria. We therefore propose strain E. coli 1307 as a candidate probiotic for use in the prevention and treatment of infections caused by STEC.     

鲎源抗菌肽对大肠杆菌的抑杀机理

【目的】研究鲎源抗菌肽鲎素对大肠杆菌抑杀的作用机理,为防治大肠杆菌引起的肠道疾病提供新的潜在抗菌药物。【方法】利用牛津杯法和微量MH肉汤稀释法测定其抗菌活性,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察鲎素对大肠杆菌的结合、分布及杀伤过程,透射电镜观察鲎素对大肠杆菌超微结构的影响,并采用琼脂糖凝胶阻滞电泳研究其对大肠杆菌基因组DNA和RNA的影响。【结果】鲎素对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度与最低杀菌浓度分别为5 mg/L和20 mg/L;激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和透射电镜观察发现鲎素能快速作用于细胞表面,并发生聚集现象,随着作用时间的延长能导致细胞膜结构的破坏和细胞内含物的释放;通过琼脂糖电泳结果显示鲎素也能够作用于大肠杆菌基因组DNA,并呈浓度依赖关系,10 mg/L鲎素对基因组DNA无明显影响,80 mg/L鲎素能导致DNA断裂;凝胶阻滞电泳显示鲎素也能与基因组DNA和RNA发生结合。【结论】研究结果为深入探讨鲎素抑杀大肠杆菌的分子机制提供重要的理论依据。     

Impact of microbial diversity on rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in surface waters

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are a physiologically, immunologically and genetically diverse collection of strains that pose a serious water-borne threat to human health. Consequently, immunological and PCR assays have been developed for the rapid, sensitive detection of presumptive EHEC. However, the ability of these assays to consistently detect presumptive EHEC while excluding closely related non-EHEC strains has not been documented. We conducted a 30-month monitoring study of a major metropolitan watershed. Surface water samples were analyzed using an immunological assay for E. coli O157 (the predominant strain worldwide) and a multiplex PCR assay for the virulence genes stx(1), stx(2) and eae. The mean frequency of water samples positive for the presence of E. coli O157, stx(1) or stx(2) genes, or the eae gene was 50%, 26% and 96%, respectively. Quantitative analysis of selected enriched water samples indicated that even in samples positive for E. coli O157 cells, stx(1)/stx(2) genes, and the eae gene, the concentrations were rarely comparable. Seventeen E. coli O157 strains were isolated, however, none were EHEC. These data indicate the presence of multiple strains similar to EHEC but less pathogenic. These findings have important ramifications for the rapid detection of presumptive EHEC; namely, that current immunological or PCR assays cannot reliably identify water-borne EHEC strains.