叶序对复叶植物小叶性状变异及内在联系的影响

为了解复叶内小叶性状随叶序的分布格局,以小兴安岭3种具有对生叶序的复叶植物水曲柳、黄菠萝和胡桃楸为研究对象,通过测定复叶内不同叶序位置小叶的叶厚、叶面积、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、栅栏组织厚度(栅)、海绵组织厚度(海)、栅海比以及碳、氮、磷含量,探讨小叶性状随叶序的变异规律及叶序对小叶性状间内在联系的影响。结果表明：3种树小叶的叶面积、叶干物质含量、海绵组织厚度、栅海比随叶序的变化规律主要分为3种：增加、减小、先增加后减小;叶厚、比叶面积、栅栏组织厚度随叶序无明显变化;碳、氮、磷含量随叶序以无明显变化为主。3种树的复叶内部,叶厚、叶面积、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅海比的变异系数和可塑性指数变化范围分别为6.1%～28.6%和0.14～0.70。叶序对小叶性状间的双变量相关关系产生显著影响,小叶干物质含量与比叶面积在水曲柳和胡桃楸不同叶序位置呈现负相关,氮含量与磷含量在水曲柳和黄菠萝不同叶序位置呈现正相关。胡桃楸的一、二级小叶(离叶柄基部最远端为一级小叶)表现为保守策略,七、八级小叶表现为获取策略,而水曲柳和黄菠萝不同叶序位置的小叶未表现出明显不同的生态策略。     

植物生长素与体细胞胚发生

简要介绍了植物生长素对体细胞胚发育的作用及其调控机制的研究进展。     

植物矮化突变体的激素调控

作者主要从赤霉素（GA）、油菜素内酯（BR）和生长素（IAA）三方面介绍了植物矮化突变体的激素水平变化及其调控,其对其他与激素调控有关的植物筹化体研究进展作了介绍。     

叶序的秘密

叶序指的是叶在茎上排列的方式,是植物的一项重要生理特征。在一般人眼中,它们看似杂乱无章但实际上极有规律。对植物叶序的研究有重要的科学意义,有助于探讨植物形态发生、分类、系统演化和发育状况,同时也能为农林、花卉等作物品种的改良和栽培提供重要的理论基础。     

植物发育性细胞程序死亡的发生机制

细胞程序死亡是多细胞生物体在内源发育信号或外源环境信号作用下在特定时间和空间发生的细胞死亡过程, 在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。该文介绍了植物细胞程序死亡类型的几种划分方法、植物发育性细胞程序死亡研究常用的实验体系, 并着重概述有关植物发育性细胞程序死亡发生机制的研究进展。     

植物干细胞调控的分子机制

植物干细胞位于茎尖分生组织区和根尖分生组织区,是植物胚后发育中新的器官产生的源泉.近几年,在干细胞及其周围组织区发现了一些与干细胞稳态维持有关的基因,这些基因产物与外源性信号（如生长素）一起组成复杂的调控网络控制植物的生长和发育.表观遗传修饰作为控制基因表达的一种方式也对植物干细胞有重要的影响.该文介绍近几年植物干细胞分化调控的最新进展.     

向日葵单子叶和三子叶突变体的形态特征

Phyllotaxis and morphological characteristics of monocotyledonous and tricotyledonous mutants ( found during cultivation process) and dicotyledonous plants of Helianthus annuus Linn. were observed. The results show that numbers of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and tricotyledonous plants are 8, 339 and 3, respectively in 350 cultivated plants of H. annuus, accounting for 2. 3%, 96. 9% and 0. 9% of total individual number, respectively, and their corresponding phyllotaxis is alternate, opposite and whorled types, respectively. Monocotyledonous plant has the fewest leaf number, the most leaf layer number, and the largest flower diameter; tricotyledonous plant has the most leaf number, the fewest leaf layer number, and the smallest flower diameter. There is no obvious difference in plant height of individuals with different cotyledon types. It is suggested that cotyledon number of H. annuus is obviously correlated with phyllotaxis type.     

生长素信号转导途径与植物胁迫反应相互作用的证据

生长素影响植物多种生理过程,有报道显示生长素可能影响植物对逆境胁迫的反应。我们利用cDNA阵列技术鉴定拟南芥（Arabiopsis thaliana (L.)Heynh.）的生长素应答基因,发现多个胁迫应答基因受生长素抑制,包括Arabidopsis homolog of MEK kinasel（ATMEKK1）,RelA/SpoT homolog 3(At-RSH3),Catalase 1(Cat1)和Ferriitn 1(Fer1)。说明生长素可调节胁迫应答基因的表达,此外,我们还证明吲哚乙酸（LAA）合成途径中的腈水解酶基因nitrilase 1(NIT1)和nitrilae 2（NIT2）受盐胁迫诱导,提示在逆境条件下1AA的合成可能随之增加,我们利用生长素不敏感突变体研究生长素与逆境反应相互作用的信号转导,发现胁迫应答基因在野生型和生长素不敏感突变体auxin resistant 2（axr2）中可被盐胁迫诱导,而在auxin resitant1-3（axl-3)中则不被诱导,说明生长素与逆境胁迫反应的相互作用可能发生在泛素途径。     

植物休眠的分子调控

本文介绍植物季节性休眠尤其是冬季休眠的诱导、建立、维持、解除以及重建的分子机制研究进展。     

植物的气孔发生

介绍了气孔的发生过程及其影响因素,特别是影响气孔发生的基因及其作用.     

影响棉纤维分化和发育的因素

概述了棉纤维细胞分化和发育的过程,对影响棉纤雏分化和发育的因素进行了探讨,并对今后棉纤维的研究发展趋势进行了展望．     

影响农杆菌介导的植物转基因的因素

农杆菌介导法是植物转基因研究中应用最多的方法,具有转化成本低、效率高、可转移较长基因片段等特点.多种因素影响此遗传转化过程中的转化率,包括外植体类型、植物基因型、外植体的处理、菌株和质粒载体类型、预培养以及培养基成份等方面.     

农杆菌介导的植物转基因影响因素

农杆菌介导法是植物转基因常用的方法,具有费用低、拷贝数少、重复性好以及能转移较大片段等独特优点。转化率是农杆菌介导的植物转基因中的关键问题,多种因素影响着转化率的高低,包括菌株和载体的组合类型、农杆菌的生长状态和菌液浓度、抑菌抗生素、筛选系统中的筛选剂种类和选择压及筛选方法、共培养时间和共培养基的pH值、培养环境的光照度和温度、以及外植体接种方式等方面。     

Control of Plant Architecture: The Role of Phyllotaxy and Plastochron

Plants display a wide variety of three dimensional forms, or architectures, that are critical for their survival in competitive environments or, in the case of crops, for their productivity. Architecture is generated after embryogenesis through the activities of shoot apical meristems and root apical meristems. Leaves are the principal lateral organ that determines the plant shoot morphology, and they normally develop in very regular patterns in time and space. The spatial pattern of leaf arrangement is called phyllotaxy, and the temporal pattern is determined by the plastochron, which is the time between successive leaf initiation events. Both programs involve many gene activities as well as the hormones auxin and cytokinin. Apparently, the mechanisms controlling phyllotaxy and plastochron share some regulatory components. In this review, the molecular mechanisms for both patterning programs will be discussed.     

Phyllotaxy and water relations in tobacco

Summary The relative effectiveness of vascular connections between adjacent leaves of tobacco is demonstrated. It is shown that water movement between adjacent leaves is more difficult than between phyllotactically related leaves. Total and specific resistance ratios between adjacent and phyllotactically related leaves are calculated. These figures indicate that vertical water potential profiles need to be interpreted with a full knowledge of the vascular structure and phyllotaxy as well as gross structural and environmental parameters.     

影响农杆菌介导遗传转化的植物因子研究进展

农杆菌介导法是植物遗传转化中最常用的一种方法.越来越多的研究表明,植物遗传因子是决定农杆菌遗传转化效率的重要因素,它们至少影响了转化过程的如下5个方面:1)受伤植物释放的酚类物质和糖分子等介导农杆菌的趋化运动和毒性基因vir的诱导表达;2)农杆菌吸附到植物表面;3)T-DNA和毒性蛋白通过由VirB和virD4蛋白组成的Ⅳ型分泌系统从细菌转移到植物细胞质;4)T-复合体利用细胞质ACTIN骨架和输入蛋白进行核定位和核输入;5)T-DNA利用植物的修复装置整合进宿主基因组.就以上5个方面涉及的植物因子研究进展予以综述.     

植物花药培养及其影响因素研究进展(综述)

本文概述国内外植物花药培养现状及影响花药培养的主要因素（植物基因型、植物生理状态、花药发育时期、培养基成分、预处理等）。     

植物C4光合途径的形成及其影响因素

本文介绍植物C4光合途径形成的发育、光照、CO2浓度、温度和湿度等因素的调节,以及C4途径建立的分子调控的研究进展。     

Factors Influencing Host Plant Choice and Larval Performance in Bactericera cockerelli

Among the many topics of interest to ecologists studying associations between phytophagous insects and their host plants are the influence of natal host plant on future oviposition decisions and the mechanisms of generalist versus specialist host selection behavior. In this study, we examined the oviposition preferences, behavior and larval development of the tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli. By rearing psyllids with two distinct geographically-linked haplotypes on different host plants, we were able to examine the role of natal host plant and potential local adaptation on host plant usage. Choice bioassays among three host species demonstrated that psyllids from California had clear preferences that were influenced by natal plant. We further found that patterns in choice bioassays corresponded to observed feeding and movement responses. No-choice bioassays demonstrated that there is little to no association between development and host-plant choice for oviposition, while also indicating that host choice varies between haplotypes. These findings support the concept that mothers do not always choose oviposition sites optimally and also add support for the controversial Hopkins'' host selection principle.