头颈部恶性肿瘤患者放疗后吞咽困难的危险因素分析及吞咽功能训练的临床应用价值

摘要 目的：分析头颈部恶性肿瘤（HNC）患者放疗后吞咽困难的危险因素,并观察吞咽功能训练的临床应用效果。方法：选择2020年4月~2022年5月期间在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院接受放疗的HNC患者150例。采用自制调查量表获取患者的一般资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic分析HNC患者放疗后吞咽困难的危险因素,并观察吞咽功能训练的临床应用效果。结果：本研究中150例HNC患者,放疗后出现吞咽困难的有93例,吞咽困难发生率为62.00%。根据放疗后是否出现吞咽困难将患者分为无吞咽困难组（n=57）和吞咽困难组（n=93）。单因素分析显示,HNC患者放疗后吞咽困难与文化程度、婚姻状况、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、居住地、体质量指数无关（P>0.05）,而与年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、肿瘤分期、肿瘤位置、累积放疗剂量有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示：年龄偏大、男性、吸烟史、饮酒史、肿瘤分期为III期、肿瘤位置为颈部肿瘤、累积放疗剂量偏高是HNC患者放疗后吞咽困难的危险因素（P<0.05）。HNC患者干预1个月后、干预2个月后安德森吞咽困难量表（MDADI）评分较干预前下降,功能性经口摄食量表（FOIS）评分较干预前升高（P<0.05）。结论：HNC患者放疗后吞咽困难的发生率较高,年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、肿瘤分期、肿瘤位置、累积放疗剂量等均是其影响因素。HNC患者放疗期间给予吞咽功能训练,可有效改善患者的吞咽状况。     

愈创紫草油对头颈部恶性肿瘤患者放疗所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤的改善作用研究

摘要 目的：探讨愈创紫草油改善头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤的临床疗效,以期为头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤提供新的治疗方法。方法：选取安徽中医药大学附属六安医院2021年3月-2023年3月头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者100例作为研究对象,随机数字表随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例。两组均采用适形调强放射治疗,对照组给予常规放疗皮肤管理与宣教,观察组在对照组基础上给予涂抹愈创紫草油治疗。比较两组皮肤黏膜损伤程度、临床疗效、放疗完成率、皮损愈合时间,放疗2、4、6周时数字评分法（NRS）评分、Karnofsky功能状态（KPS）评分、皮肤病生活质量量表（DLQI）评分;放疗前、放疗6周时炎性细胞因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）]水平及皮肤不良反应。结果：观察组皮肤黏膜损伤程度分级低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组总有效率94.00%较对照组80.00%高（P＜0.05）;放疗4、6周时观察组NRS评分、DLQI评分低于对照组,KPS评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组放疗完成率均为100%,观察组皮损愈合时间较对照组短（P＜0.05）;放疗6周时观察组血清IL-6、PCT、hs-CRP水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者均未出现过敏所致皮疹、红肿、瘙痒等皮肤不良反应。结论：愈创紫草油可有效减轻头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤,降低血清炎性细胞因子水平,促进患者皮损愈合,提高生活质量,疗效显著,且安全性高。     

血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平与老年卵巢良恶性肿瘤的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平与老年卵巢良恶性肿瘤的相关性。方法：2018年8月至2021年4月选择在本院诊治的老年卵巢癌患者72例与老年良性卵巢肿瘤患者72例作为恶性组与良性组,同期选择在本院进行健康体检的老年人72例作为正常组。检测三组血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平、血清肿瘤标志物水平并进行相关性分析。结果：恶性组、良性组的血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平高于正常组,恶性组高于良性组（P<0.05）;三组的血脂异常率分别为77.8 %、44.4 %和6.9 %,对比有差异（P<0.05）。恶性组、良性组的血清CA125、CA153和CA199水平高于正常组,恶性组高于良性组（P<0.05）。在老年卵巢肿瘤144例患者中,偏相关分析显示：TC、TG、LDL-C、CA125、CA153、CA199与卵巢癌存在相关性（P<0.05）;Pearson分析显示：TC、TG、LDL-C与CA125、CA153、CA199存在相关性（P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析显示：TC、TG、LDL-C均为导致卵巢癌发生的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：老年卵巢良恶性肿瘤患者多伴随有血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平的异常,与血清肿瘤标志物水平存在相关性,是引发老年卵巢癌发生的重要因素。     

磁共振动态对比增强联合血清TSGF、ICTP、ALP对骨肿瘤良恶性鉴别和骨恶性肿瘤治疗后的疗效评估价值

摘要 目的：探讨磁共振动态对比增强（DCE-MRI）联合血清肿瘤相关物质（TSGF）、I型胶原羧基吡啶末端肽（ICTP）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）对骨肿瘤良恶性鉴别和骨恶性肿瘤治疗后的疗效评估价值。方法：选择2020年12月至2022年4月本院收治的骨肿瘤患者163例为研究对象，根据骨肿瘤良恶性分为良性组（74例）和恶性组（89例），恶性组治疗后根据实体肿瘤疗效评价标准分为疗效良好组和疗效不良组，比较良性组与恶性组、疗效良好组与疗效不良组容量运转常数（Ktrans）、速率常数（Kep）、血管外细胞外间隙容积分数（Ve）及1分钟内初始曲线下面积（iAUC）、TSGF、ICTP、ALP，分析Ktrans、Kep、Ve、iAUC与血清TSGF、ICTP、ALP的相关性，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析各指标对骨肿瘤良恶性的预测价值。结果：不同组间Ktrans、Kep、iAUC、TSGF、ICTP、ALP比较，良性组低于恶性组（P＜0.05），疗效良好组低于疗效不良组（P＜0.05）；DCE-MRI定量参数中的Ktrans、Kep、iAUC与血清TSGF、ICTP、ALP呈正相关（P＜0.05）；Ktrans、Kep、iAUC、TSGF、ICTP、ALP及联合预测骨肿瘤良恶性的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.794、0.804、0.744、0.747、0.773、0.828和0.986，各项指标联合预测骨肿瘤良恶性的AUC大于各指标单独预测。结论：DCE-MRI定量参数Ktrans、Kep、iAUC联合血清TSGF、ICTP、ALP对骨肿瘤良恶性具有较高的鉴别价值，此外Ktrans、Kep、iAUC、TSGF、ICTP、ALP越高，恶性骨肿瘤患者治疗后的临床疗效越差。     

The Predictive Value of Golgi Protein 73 in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Liver Tumors

Introduction

In the work up of primary solid liver lesions it is essential to differentiate correctly between benign and malignant tumors, such as hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) respectively. A promising new marker to detect HCC is Golgi Protein 73 (GP73). Studies comparing patients with HCC and cirrhosis with normal controls suggested that GP73 is specific for patients with HCC; however, patients with other liver tumors were not included. We therefore studied the predictive value of GP73 in differentiating between solid benign and malignant liver tumors.

Materials and Methods

This study included 264 patients: 88 patients with HCC, 88 with hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), and 88 with focal nodal hyperplasia (FNH). A blood sample was collected from each patient to measure GP73 levels using a quantitative ELISA assay and differences in outcome between subgroups were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity of GP73 were calculated and compared to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels.

Results

When comparing malignant and benign liver tumors the area under ROC was 0.701 and 0.912 for GP73 and AFP respectively. Test characteristics revealed a sensitivity of 60% for GP73 and 65% for AFP; in addition the specificity was 77% for GP73 and 96% for AFP.

Conclusion

Although the literature suggests that GP73 is a valuable serum marker in patients with HCC, the serum concentration may also be increased in patients with solid benign liver tumors. Therefore, a GP73 assay is less suitable for discriminating between primary malignant and benign tumors of the liver.     

The impact of the time factor on the outcome of a combined treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer

PurposeTo investigate the impact of the time factor on the locoregional control in combined treatment (surgery and postoperative radiotherapy) in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer.Materials and MethodsBetween January 1993 and December 1996, 254 patients with pT3 or pT4 and pN0-pN2 laryngeal cancer were treated by surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (RT). The median age of patients was 56.3 years (range: 30–70 years). The analyzed group consisted of 236 males (92%) and 18 females (8%). In all cases total laryngectomy was performed. 196 out of 254 patients underwent homolateral neck dissection and 58 out of 254 bilateral neck dissection. RT began 45 days postoperatively (range: 22 to 78 days) and continued for 47 days (range: 40–74 days). The primary tumour bed was irradiated to the median total dose of 61.2 Gy (range: 57 – 64 Gy) and all regional lymph nodes were treated in all patients to a dose of 50 Gy. Postoperative RT was indicated in case of close postoperative margins at the tumour site or pathological status of lymph nodes described as pN1 or pN2. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the predictors for locoregional failure. The following factors were studied for their prognostic importance of locoregional outcome: the overall treatment time (OTT), radiotherapy treatment time (RTT), the interval between surgery and the beginning of radiotherapy, age, sex, pT and pN categories.Results: The actuarial 5-year overall survival rate was 49%, the actuarial loco regional control rate was 70%. The univariate analysis, using a log-rank test indicated that prolongation of the overall treatment time (OTT), the time of radiotherapy (RTT), the interval time between surgery and radiotherapy, and the pN status were predicted for the loco regional control of postoperative radiotherapy. The multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard model indicated that only RTT, OTT, and the pathological status of lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors for the loco regional control.Conclusions: The analysis showed that the prolongation of the overall treatment time of the combined modality (OTT) and the time of radiotherapy course (RTT) were independent prognostic time factors correlated with lower loco regional control.     

Pituitary Hormone Dysfunction After Proton Beam Radiation Therapy in Children with Brain Tumors

Objectiveo characterize endocrine dysfunction in pediatric patients with brain tumors who received proton beam (PB) radiation therapy and to compare those treated with PB radiotherapy only versus combined conventional and PB irradiation.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records of patients ≤ 18 years of age who received PB radiation therapy for a brain tumor between 2000 and 2008 was performed. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, tumor type, therapeutic modalities, radiation doses, and types and timing of endocrine dysfunction.ResultsThirty-eight patients were identified, of whom 31 (19 boys and 12 girls; mean age, 11.9 ± 3.3 years) had undergone endocrine evaluation. Of these patients, 19 received PB radiotherapy only and 12 received conventional plus PB irradiation. Before irradiation, a cranial surgical procedure was performed in 28 study subjects, and 22 received chemotherapy. The mean duration of follow-up after radiation therapy was 1.8 ± 0.8 years. Nine patients (47%) in the PB only group and 4 (33%) in the conventional plus PB group developed endocrine dysfunction (no significant difference) after cranial irradiation. Children with endocrine sequelae treated with PB irradiation alone received fewer cobalt gray equivalents than those treated with conventional plus PB irradiation (5,384 ± 268 versus 5,775 ± 226, respectively; P < .02), and pituitary hormone deficiencies were detected later during follow-up in those who received PB radiotherapy only versus conventional plus PB irradiation (1.17 ± 0.4 years versus 0.33 ± 0.11 year, respectively; P < .01).ConclusionA high rate of endocrine sequelae was seen in our study. Children with brain tumors treated with conventional plus PB irradiation developed endocrine dysfunction faster and received a higher radiation dose than those receiving PB radiotherapy only. Prior surgical treatment and chemotherapy were additional risk factors. Large prospective studies are needed to evaluate further the incidence of endocrine sequelae after PB irradiation in children. (Endocr Pract. 2011;17:891-896)     

Hereditary Endocrine Tumors and Associated Syndromes: A Narrative Review for Endocrinologists and Endocrine Surgeons

ObjectiveHereditary endocrine tumors (HET) were among the first group of tumors where predisposition syndromes were recognized. The utility of genetic awareness is having the capacity to treat at an earlier stage, screen for other manifestations and initiate family cascade testing. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the most common hereditary syndromes associated with frequently encountered endocrine tumors, with an emphasis on screening and surveillance.MethodsA MEDLINE search of articles for relevance to endocrine tumors and hereditary syndromes was performed.ResultsThe most common hereditary syndromes associated with frequently encountered endocrine tumors are described in terms of prevalence, genotype, phenotype, penetrance of malignancy, surgical management, screening, and surveillance.ConclusionMedical practitioners involved in the care of patients with endocrine tumors should have an index of suspicion for an underlying hereditary syndrome. Interdisciplinary care is integral to successful, long-term management of such patients and affected family members.     

252 例胸膜恶性肿瘤的临床病理分析

目的：探讨胸膜恶性肿瘤的病理类型、肿瘤所占比例、临床病理特征及鉴别诊断。方法：结合病理形态学及免疫组化方法对 252 例胸膜恶性肿瘤进行诊断及鉴别诊断。结果：252 例胸膜恶性肿瘤包括胸膜穿刺活检120 例,胸腔镜活检25 例,伴有胸膜转 移的恶性胸水107 例;男性143 例,女性109 例,年龄19-87 岁,平均年龄59.9 岁。临床主要症状是胸闷、气短、咳嗽、胸痛等。CT 表现为胸膜增厚、胸水(90%)、多发或单发胸膜结节和原发器官占位性病变。活检病例中,转移性癌86 例(34.1%),包括肺腺癌64 例(25.4%),小细胞癌11 例(4.4%),鳞癌11 例(4.4%),恶性间皮瘤47 例(18.7%),滑膜肉瘤9 例(3.6%),非霍奇金淋巴瘤3 例(1.2%); 恶性胸水病例病例中转移性癌95 例(37.7%),包括肺腺癌85 例(33.7%),小细胞癌6 例(2.4%),鳞癌2 例(0.8%),乳腺腺癌2 例 (0.8%),恶性间皮瘤8 例(3.2%),非霍奇金淋巴瘤4 例(1.6%)。结论：胸膜恶性肿瘤中以转移性腺癌多见,其次为恶性间皮瘤,结合 形态学及免疫组织化学检测不同标志物的表达有助于诊断胸膜恶性肿瘤的种类。     

Risk of prostate cancer among cancer survivors in the Netherlands

BackgroundIn parallel with increasing numbers of cancer patients and improving cancer survival, the occurrence of second primary cancers becomes a relevant issue. The aim of our study was to evaluate risk of prostate cancer as second primary cancer in a population-based setting.MethodsData from the Netherlands Cancer Registry were used to estimate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prostate cancer as second primary cancer. The effect of time since first cancer diagnosis, specific first cancer sites, age, and pelvic radiotherapy was taken into account.ResultsOut of 551,553 male patients diagnosed with a first primary cancer between 1989 and 2008, 9243 patients were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. Overall, cancer survivors showed an increased risk (SIR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.3) of prostate cancer. The increased prostate cancer risk was limited to the first year of follow-up for the majority of the specific first cancer sites. More than 10 years after the first cancer diagnosis, only melanoma patients were at increased risk (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9), while patients with head or neck cancers were at decreased risk (SIR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9) of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Patients who underwent primary pelvic radiotherapy for their first cancer had a decreased risk of prostate cancer in the long term (SIR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.6).ConclusionsOur data showed that cancer survivors have an increased prostate cancer risk in the first year following a first cancer diagnosis, which is most likely the result of active screening or incidental detection.     

紫杉醇联合解毒饮治疗头颈部恶性肿瘤的近期疗效观察

目的观察紫杉醇联合解毒饮对头颈部恶性肿瘤的近期疗效和毒副作用。方法选择51例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者选用紫杉醇与卡铂方案化疗,每4周重复用,共3~6周期,同时煎服解毒饮和静滴鱼腥草注射液。结果初治的19例患者中,CR 2例(10.5%),PR 6例(31.6%),RR为42.1%;复治的32例患者中,CR 2例(6.3%),PR 9例(28.1%),RR为34.4%;初治疗效优于复治。结论紫杉醇联合解毒饮对头颈部恶性肿瘤有较好的近期疗效,尤其对初治者效果更佳,而且毒副作用比较轻。     

Simultaneous Integrated Boost Radiotherapy in Unresectable Stage IV (M0) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Patients: Daily Clinical Practice

AimTo evaluate clinical outcome in locally-advanced stage IV (M0) head and neck cancer patients treated using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in daily clinical practice.BackgroundDespite SIB-IMRT has been reported as a feasible and effective advanced head and neck cancer treatment, there are few data about its concurrent use with systemic therapies.Material and MethodsWe reviewed 41 staged IV (M0) head and neck cancer patients treated in two radiotherapy units in the city of Messina (Italy) during the last six years, using intensity modulated techniques-SIB. 22/41 patients had concomitant chemotherapy or cetuximab. Acute and late toxicities, objective response (OR) rate, local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) have been evaluated.Results37/41 patients received the planned doses of radiotherapy, 2 patients died during the therapy. The major acute regional toxicities were skin reaction and mucositis. A case of mandibular osteoradionecrosis was recorded. At completion of treatment, OR was evaluated in 38 patients: 32/38 patients (84.2%) had complete (55.3%) and partial (28.9%) response. The 1- and 5-year LC rates were 73.4% and 69.73%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 85.93%, 51.49% and 44.14%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in outcomes have been observed in patients treated with radiotherapy alone vs. irradiation concomitant to chemo/biotherapy. The median OS was 45 months.ConclusionSIB-IMRT is safeand can be used with concomitant chemotherapy/biotherapy in real-life daily clinical practice. SIB-IMRT alone is a valid alternative in patients unfit for systemic therapies.     

Factors influencing the use of adaptive radiation therapy in vulvar carcinoma

AimWe aim to evaluate the variables affecting the frequency of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) in vulvar cancer.BackgroundART may be needed throughout a definitive RT course for vulvar carcinoma due to changes in patient’s anatomy and tumor response.Materials and methodsCharts of patients charts who had been treated with definitive concurrent chemo-radiotherapy for vulvar carcinoma, between January 2015 and December 2019 were inquired. Radiation therapy was delivered using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with daily image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). ART was defined as re-simulation and re-planning based on deformation in the irradiated volume by more than 1 cm. Univariate analysis was conducted to study the impact of patient’s demographics as well as tumor characteristics on the frequency of ART.Results22 patients were eligible for analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range 43–82). Radiotherapy dose was 60−66 Gy over 30–35 fractions (fx). Median primary tumor volume was 30cc (9–140). Median Body Mass Index (BMI) was 32 (range 21–40). Thirteen out of 22 patients (59%) required ART, with median timing at 25 fx (19–31). On univariate analysis, larger primary tumor volume (> = 30cc) was associated significantly with increased frequency of ART (p value = 0.0005). There was no significant impact of ART on the frequency with respect to patient’s age, BMI, tumor stage, grade and location.ConclusionChanges in radiation target volume are common among vulvar carcinoma patients who are treated with definitive radiotherapy, especially large primary tumors. This review highlights the importance of ART for patients with vulvar carcinoma treated with definitive radiotherapy.     

Cardiac Abnormalities Associated with Pheochromocytoma and other Adrenal Tumors

ObjectiveTo study the specific cardiac abnormalities associated with pheochromocytoma and to suggest a strategy for evaluating cardiac function in patients with pheochromocytoma.MethodsIn this case-control study, we reviewed pathology records of patients seen at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center between 1997 and 2007; patients with adrenal or extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma and those with nonfunctioning benign or malignant adrenal tumors were identified. Patients with functioning adrenal adenomas that secreted cortisol or aldosterone were excluded. Clinical history, imaging, pathology, biochemical test results, electrocardiographic findings, and echocardiographic findings were compared between patients with pheochromocytoma and patients with nonfunctioning adrenal tumors.ResultsThe charts of 22 patients with pheochromocytoma and 35 patients with nonfunctioning adrenal tumors were included. No perioperative mortality was observed. The average age of patients with pheochromocytoma was similar to that of control patients (51.9 ± 3.9 years vs 60.2 ± 2.5 years, respectively), as was the number of patients with known cardiovascular diseases (2 [9%] in the pheochromocytoma group vs 5 [14%] in the control group). Two patients with pheochromocytoma (9%) exhibited myocardial damage. Abnormal electrocardiographic findings were present in 16 patients with pheochromocytoma (73%) and in 17 control patients (49%) (P = .1). QTc was prolonged in patients with pheochromocytoma compared with control patients (448.3 ± 9.7 ms vs 424.7 ± 4.5 ms, respectively; P = .02) and was correlated with levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine, but not with levels of epinephrine and metanephrine or tumor size. ST-T abnormalities were present in 11 patients with pheochromocytoma (50%) and in 8 control patients (23%) (P = .04). Echocardiographic findings were normal in most patients with pheochromocytoma; abnormal left ventricular wall motion was documented in 3 patients with long QTc.ConclusionsThe specific electrocardiographic findings in patients with pheochromocytoma are prolonged QTc and ST-T abnormalities. Performing an electrocardiogram in patients with pheochromocytoma would be prudent. Echocardiography would be useful to examine LV wall motion in patients with long QTc. Coronary artery disease should be excluded in patients with significant ST- T changes. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:10-16)     

Thyroid-Related Factors that Influence Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect that thyroid-related factors have on the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas.MethodsThis retrospective study included adult patients who were referred for further evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism between December 2005 and October 2009 at a teaching and research hospital in Turkey. High-frequency ultrasonography and sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI) were performed in all patients. Surgical procedure involved focal or bilateral exploration on the basis of concordant or discordant imaging studies. Selection of patients for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy was made based on the presence or absence of a single parathyroid adenoma detected by both ultrasonography and MIBI scan. Patients with negative or discordant imaging studies and a concomitant thyroid nodule underwent bilateral neck exploration.ResultsTwo hundred and forty-eight patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy were included in the study. Parathyroid gland abnormalities were successfully detected preoperatively by ultrasonography in 231 patients and by MIBI scan in 152 patients. When used together, ultrasonography and MIBI scan were unsuccessful in detecting an abnormality in 11 cases. MIBI scan visualized a lesion in 6 cases that remained undiagnosed by ultrasonography. Fifty-six of 85 patients with lesions detected by ultrasonography, but not by MIBI scan, had thyroid nodules. The frequency of thyroid nodules was higher in the 96 patients in whom a MIBI scan could visualize a parathyroid lesion than in the 152 patients in whom MIBI scan was successful (P = .004). No difference was observed regarding ipsilateral thyroid lobe involvement or nodule volume. Parathyroid adenomas were significantly smaller in patients with negative MIBI scans (P < .001).ConclusionOur results suggest that ultrasonography is more sensitive than MIBI scan in the detection of parathyroid adenomas, particularly in the presence of small parathyroid adenomas or other thyroid related-factors. (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:26-33)     

Prevalence and Characteristics of Adrenal Tumors and Myelolipomas in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The prevalence of adrenal tumors in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is uncertain. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of adrenal tumors and myelolipoma in CAH, and investigate clinical features of this population.Methods: We carried out systematic searches in Medline Ovid and Embase for articles published until January, 2020. Studies with confirmed CAH, biochemically and/or genetically, were included. The two authors independently extracted data from each study.Results: Six cohort studies were included in the prevalence calculation. In addition, 32 case reports on adrenal myelolipomas and CAH were included. The prevalence of adrenal tumors in CAH was 29.3%. When only studies with genetically verified cytochrome P450, Family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2 gene (CYP21A2) mutations were included the prevalence was 23.6%. The prevalence of myelolipoma in CAH was 7.4% (verified CYP21A2 mutations 8.6%). The proportion of myelolipoma in the adrenal tumors was 25.4% (genetically verified 36.6%). The median (range) age at tumor diagnosis was 36.0 (12 to 60) years and there were more tumors in males than in females (37.9% versus 22.1%; P<.05). In patients with myelolipomas, 93.5% had an undiagnosed or poorly managed CAH.Conclusion: Patients with CAH had a high prevalence of adrenal tumors, particularly myelolipomas. Those with myelolipomas had a high frequency of late-diagnosed or poorly controlled CAH. Adrenal imaging may be considered in patients with CAH, especially if abdominal pain is present.     

Secondary brain tumors after cranial radiation therapy: A single-institution study

AimTo study the probability of developing secondary brain tumors after cranial radiotherapy.Background Patients treated with cranial radiotherapy are at risk for developing secondary brain tumors.Patients and methodsWe planned an institutional survey for secondary brain tumors in survivors after cranial irradiation and reviewed the 30-year duration data. Event analysis and cumulative proportion curves were performed to generally estimate the cumulative proportion of developing secondary brain tumors, cavernoma and meningioma at different periods of time.ResultsSecondary brain tumors occurred in 21% of cases: 10% were cavernomas, 6% were meningiomas, 3% were skull osteomas, and 1% were anaplastic astrocytoma. The cumulative proportion of developing secondary brain tumor was 6% at 10 years and 20% at 20 years, while the cumulative proportion for developing cavernomas and meningiomas was 16% and 7% at 20 years, respectively.ConclusionOur study shows that patients who received cranial irradiation were at risk of secondary brain tumors such as cavernomas and meningiomas. Thus, a meticulous follow-up of cancer survivors with history of cranial irradiation by an annual MRI scan is justifiable. This will help clinicians to detect secondary brain tumors early and make its management much easier.     

PF化疗同步联合时辰放疗与常规放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的随机对照研究

目的:比较局部晚期鼻咽癌分别接受顺铂联合氟尿嘧啶方案(PF)化疗联合时辰放疗以及PF化疗联合常规放疗时的疗效和毒副反应。方法:将我科45例初治局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为时辰放疗组和常规放疗组,分别为22例和23例。两组均采用相同放射治疗方法和治疗剂量,同步给予PF方案化疗。时辰放疗组放疗时间在20:00-22:00,而常规放疗组在8:00-10:00。结果:两组患者在放疗结束3个月和6个月进行时比较发现,时辰放疗组患者的鼻咽部及颈部的肿瘤完全消退率(CR率)均比常规放疗组高(P<0.05)。而时辰放疗组的各种急性副作用发生率较常规放疗组低,但无统计学差异。治疗后时辰组CD4/CD8升高,常规组CD4/CD8降低(P<0.05)。结论:时辰放疗联合PF同步化疗针对局部晚期鼻咽癌患者疗效好,毒副作用轻,同时可能有利于改善患者的免疫功能。