银杏叶提取物猴头菌转化前后降血糖作用的比较研究

以正常对照组、模型对照组和阳性(二甲双胍)对照组为参照,试验比较了银杏叶提取物(EGB)、猴头菌转化EGB的产物、猴头菌发酵液、猴头菌发酵液中添加EGB对链脲佐菌素诱导的2型糖尿病模型大鼠血糖和血脂代谢的调节作用以及对自由基清除作用。结果显示:相对于其他给药组,猴头菌转化EGB的转化产物能更加显著地降低糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖和果糖胺水平,但是对胰岛素水平无显著的调节作用,与模型对照组和其他给药组相比,EGB转化产物可以显著提高超氧化物岐化酶活性;与模型对照组相比亦可显著降低丙二醛水平,但与其他给药组相比其降丙二醛作用差异不明显。本项研究对采用微生物转化法提高植物提取物药用效果提供了参考资料。     

Influence of an extract of Ginkgo biloba on cerebral blood flow and metabolism

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) on blood glucose levels, on local cerebral blood flow as well as on cerebral glucose concentration and consumption. The local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was measured in conscious rats by means of the 14C-iodoantipyrine technique and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) by 14C-2-deoxy-glucose autoradiography. EGB increased the LCBF in 39 analyzed, anatomically defined brain structures by 50 to 100 per cent. No influence of EGB on LCGU was demonstrable. However, EGB enhanced the blood glucose level dose-dependently. Substrates and metabolites of energy metabolism were measured in the cortex of the isolated rat brain perfused at constant rate and with 7 mmol/l glucose added to the perfusion medium. In these experiments EGB decreased the cortical glucose concentration without other substrate levels being changed. These results suggest that glucose uptake may be inhibited by EGB. It is argued that the effects of EGB on brain glucose concentration and blood flow may contribute to its protection of brain tissue against ischemic or hypoxic damage.     

牛磺酸对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的：探讨牛磺酸（taurine）对Ⅱ型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）大鼠血液流变学及氧化应激的影响。方法：将40只Wistar大鼠随机取10只为正常对照组（control组）、其余30只大鼠中取20只符合模型标准的大鼠随机分为糖尿病组（DM组）和牛磺酸治疗组（Tau组,采用20g/L牛磺酸生理盐水溶液治疗,200mg/kgbw）,前两组注射等体积的生理盐水溶液。8周后,测3组大鼠血浆葡萄糖、糖化血红蛋白、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）及血液流变学指标。结果：与对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠血糖、MDA及糖化血红蛋白明显升高,SOD活性降低,全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞压积明显增大,红细胞变形指数减小;牛磺酸能明显降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖、MDA和糖化血红蛋白（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,显著升高造模大鼠SOD（P〈0.01）;并且明显降低大鼠全血黏度（P〈0.05）、降低红细胞聚集指数（P〈0.05）,提高红细胞变性指数（P〈0.05）。结论：牛磺酸改善糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性可能与其提高大鼠的抗氧化能力有关,对防治糖尿病血管并发症有较好作用。     

PARP-1对高糖诱导的心肌细胞增殖的影响及机制研究

目的:研究PARP-1对高糖诱导的心肌细胞增殖的影响及可能机制。方法:用高糖处理H9C2细胞,qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。H9C2细胞转染PARP-1 si RNA和si RNA control,q RT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。用高糖处理转染PARP-1 si RNA后的H9C2细胞,CCK-8检测细胞增殖情况,硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(MDA)水平,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,Western blot检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)、磷酸化的p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)蛋白的表达。结果:高糖诱导的H9C2细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平明显高于正常培养的H9C2细胞(P0.05)。PARP-1 si RNA能够明显下调H9C2细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。高糖处理后H9C2细胞存活率明显降低,细胞中MDA水平升高,细胞中SOD水平降低,细胞内的PCNA水平降低,p38MAPK磷酸化水平升高,与正常培养的H9C2细胞相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。用高糖培养下调PARP-1的H9C2细胞,细胞存活率有所升高,细胞中MDA水平降低,细胞中SOD水平也升高,细胞中PCNA水平升高,细胞中p38MAPK磷酸化水平降低,与单纯高糖培养的细胞相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PARP-1在高糖诱导的心肌细胞中表达上调,可能通过激活p38MAPK信号途径,增加细胞脂质氧化应激抑制心肌细胞增殖。     

甘精胰岛素联合不同降糖药稳定2 型糖尿病血糖水平的效果

目的:评价甘精胰岛素联合沙格列汀或格列美脲稳定2型糖尿病血糖水平的作用效果。方法:将我院2收治的228例2型糖尿病患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组114人。研究组给予沙格列汀联合甘精胰岛素进行治疗,对照组给予格列美脲联合甘精胰岛素进行治疗。全部病例在治疗前4 d及治疗满16周时应用动态血糖监测仪实施72 h动态血糖监测。对比两组治疗前后血糖水平相关指标及血糖水平浮动相关指标的变化。结果:研究组治疗后体质指数显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后空腹血糖均比本组治疗前显著下降(P0.05)。两组治疗后糖化血红蛋白均比本组治疗前显著下降(P0.05)。两组治疗后胰岛素用量无显著差异。两组平均血糖水平治疗前后无显著差异(P0.05)。研究组治疗后血糖标准差、日内血糖平均波动幅度、日内血糖波动次数、日间血糖平均绝对差改善幅度显著优于对照组。两组高血糖治疗后均比治疗前显著改善,改善幅度无显著差异(P0.05)。两组低血糖曲线下面积治疗前后无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:甘精胰岛素并用沙格列汀更能在显著控制2型糖尿病患者血糖的同时,还可使其血糖水平保持持久稳定,且不增加其低血糖的发生风险。     

The Effect of Different Oral Doses of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Silymarin on the Blood Oxidative Stress Indicators in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

The effect of oral administration of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of silymarin on body weight, glucose concentration and indicators of oxidative stress superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was investigated in the present study. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were used. The animals were divided into five groups and oral route of administration was used in control group (0.9 %, NaCl), control group patients (0.9 %, NaCl), diabetic group (100 mg/kg, silymarin), diabetic group (125 mg/kg, silymarin), diabetic group (250 mg/kg, silymarin) for 14 days with gavage. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.p.). Before and 3 days after injection, and at 7 and 14 days of treatment, the fasting glucose level and weight were measured. At the end of 14 days, animals were anesthetized with ether and blood samples were taken by heart puncture and were analyzed for oxidative stress indicators. The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of silymarin can increase the average body weight and decrease glucose and, at the end of 14 days, decrease MDA level and increase the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX, CAT) in red blood cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of silymarin has an overall beneficial effect on body weight, glucose level and oxidative stress. Therefore, silymarin may reduce oxidative stress via increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.     

粘细菌Corallococcus sp. strain EGB及其培养发酵液的安全性评估

【目的】研究粘细菌Corallococcus sp. strain EGB及其细胞培养发酵液的毒理安全性,为菌株EGB作为新型生防微生物菌剂的开发和环境施用安全性提供一定的科学基础。【方法】通过Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验测定粘细菌EGB菌体及其细胞培养发酵液的遗传毒性;通过经口灌胃的方式测定粘细菌EGB菌体及其细胞培养发酵液对ICR小鼠的急性毒性和28d亚急性毒性。【结果】Ames试验、微核试验和精母细胞染色体畸变试验结果表明,与对照组相比,EGB菌体及其细胞培养发酵液无基因突变能力,对ICR小鼠无明显的遗传毒性。EGB菌体及其细胞培养发酵液对ICR小鼠的急性经口半致死剂量(LD50)>10g/kg BW (body weight);连续灌胃28 d后,处理组ICR小鼠的体重变化、采食饮水、血液生化指标、血常规、主要脏器指数和主要器官病理切片与对照组相比无显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】粘细菌EGB菌体及其细胞培养发酵液的毒理安全性属于无毒类别,粘细菌的生物安全性使其在工农业领域的植物病害控制和生物转化等方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

二甲双胍联合西格列汀对2型糖尿病患者氧化应激、胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:探讨二甲双胍联合西格列汀对2型糖尿病患者氧化应激、胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:收集我院就诊或住院治疗的80例2型糖尿病患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组40例。两组患者入院后均给予相应的治疗措施,对照组患者给予二甲双胍250 mg/次,2次/d;实验组患者在对照组的基础上给予西格列汀100 mg/次,1次/d,治疗均连续8周。治疗结束后对患者血清丙二醛(MDA)、8异前列腺素F2α(8-iso-PGF2α)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)以及患者临床治疗效果进行检测并比较。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者MDA、8-iso-PGF2α、FBG、FINS以及HOMA-IR水平均下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者MDA、8-iso-PGF2α、FBG、FINS以及HOMA-IR水平较低(P0.05),临床治疗总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:二甲双胍联合西格列汀能够降低2型糖尿病患者血糖水平,降低MDA、8-iso-PGF2α水平,减轻氧化应激反应,降低胰岛素抵抗,临床疗效较好。     

Anti-diabetic properties of chromium citrate complex in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The chromium citrate complex [CrCIT] was synthesized and its structure was determined by infrared, UV-visible and atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental and thermodynamic analysis. Anti-diabetic activity, oxidative DNA damage capacity and acute oral toxicity of [CrCIT] were investigated and compared with that of chromium trichloride hexahydrate. [CrCIT] was synthesized in a single step reaction by chelating chromium(III) with citric acid in aqueous solution. The molecular formula of [CrCIT] was inferred as CrC(6)H(5)O(7)·4H(2)O. The anti-diabetic activity of the complex [CrCIT] was assessed in alloxan-diabetic rats by daily oral gavage for 3 weeks. The biological activity results showed that the complex at the dose of 0.25-0.75 mg Cr/kg body weight could decrease the blood glucose level and increase liver glycogen level in alloxan-diabetic rats. [CrCIT] had more beneficial influences on the improvement of controlling blood glucose, serum lipid and liver glycogen levels compared with CrCl(3)·6H(2)O. Furthermore, [CrCIT] did not cause oxidative DNA damage under physiologically relevant conditions, and [CrCIT] did not produce any hazardous symptoms or deaths in acute oral toxicity test, showing the LD(50) value for female and male rats were higher than 15.1 g/kg body weight. The results suggested that [CrCIT] might represent a novel and proper chromium supplement with potential therapeutic value to control blood glucose in diabetes.     

不同基质栽培的猴头菌子实体多糖理化性质和体外免疫活性

【背景】猴头菌多糖是猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)中主要的活性成分,具有提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗突变、抗衰老等多种功效。目前对于猴头菌多糖的研究主要集中在结构分析上,有关不同基质栽培对于猴头菌子实体多糖理化性质的影响鲜见报道。【目的】研究不同基质栽培的猴头菌子实体多糖的理化性质和体外免疫活性,筛选出高产优质猴头菌的栽培配方。【方法】采用7种不同配方的基质经工厂化栽培获得不同的猴头菌子实体,对其子实体产量和粗多糖含量进行统计和分析测定,并对7种不同基质栽培获得的猴头菌子实体多糖的分子量分布及单糖组成等理化特征进行分析,比较其对刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞株释放NO的差异。【结果】综合各项指标表明,配方2 (木屑30%,玉米芯40%,棉籽壳15%,玉米粉2%,麸皮6%,米糠5%,石膏1%,石灰1%)和配方7 (玉米芯39%,棉籽壳10%,麸皮10%,米糠30%,大豆皮5%,甜菜渣4%,碳酸钙2%)栽培获得的猴头菌子实体具有较高的多糖含量和活性。【结论】所选配方适合作为栽培猴头菌深加工原料的培养基质。