俄罗斯二叠系陆相地层考察记

正1841年罗德里克·默奇森(Roderick Murchison)命名了Permian(二叠系)。他依据的是俄罗斯乌拉尔山脉西坡附近的地层,Permian一词就源于彼尔姆(Perm)地区。因为这套地层分为上下两统,中文名称被译为二叠系。俄罗斯的二叠系非常经典,它的各个阶名作为世界标准长达150多年,到2000年二叠系三分,卡赞阶和     

中国二叠系的底界

牙形刺是二叠系生物地层的主导门类,地叠系的三统九阶的界线层型（ＧＳＳＰ）都将用牙形刺定义。我国石炭－二叠系（Ｃ／Ｐ）的分界应采用与国际上一致的标准,即用牙形刺Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓ ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ的首次出现定义二叠系的底界。Ｓ．ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ在我国华南、华北均有分布,可精确地确定二叠系的底界。华北太原组应归下二叠统Ａｓｓｅｌｉａｎ阶,我国Ｃ／Ｐ界线地层和Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕ     

先生垂风范 来者当勉之沉痛悼念贝时璋先生

我国著名生物学家、教育家,我国生物物理学的奠基人和开拓者,中国科学院院士,贝时璋先生于2009年10月29日逝世,享年一百零一岁.2009年11月4日上午10时30分,贝时璋先生的遗体告别仪式在北京举行.     

贵州紫云陆棚相区石炭纪二叠纪牙形刺生物地层

本文概述了贵州紫云陆棚相区羊场剖面上石炭统一二叠系地层(本文引用了二叠系三分方案)和牙形刺的11个组合序列。并描述了3未定名新种、4未定种。该剖面牙形刺序列较为完整,可与国内外有关地区同时代地层和牙形刺序列相比较,从而对该地区上石炭统一二叠系的重新划分和对比提供了依据。该剖面除(竹蜓)、牙形刺、珊瑚外,还采到了广海浮游的菊石,这对剖面的划分更为重要。     

新疆柯坪地区石炭系、二叠系海参骨片化石

新疆柯坪地区的石炭系、二叠系产丰富的海参骨片化石,该文描述了7属13种,包括2未定种,3不定种。这些属种在我国湖南、山西及北美等地的石炭系、二叠系中都有分布。据伴生牙形刺、(虫筳)和珊瑚化石来看,本文海参骨片大多产于上石炭—下二叠统。     

我国北方石炭-二叠系牙形刺序列再认识

文中根据当前比较统一的牙形刺分带原则,对我国北方石炭二叠系的牙形刺序列进行了研究和重新定义。我国北方地区石炭二叠系的牙形刺带或组合带由上而下可综合如下：Sweetognathus whitei,S.inornatus,Streptognathodus barskovi,S.isolatus,S.elegantulus-S.oppletus,Idiognathodus magnificus-Neognathodus roundyi,Idiognathodus delicatus-Neognathodus bothrops,Idiognathoides corrugatus-I.sinuatus,Declinognathodus noduliferus,Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis和Gnathodus bilineatus bilineatus带或组合带。本文同时介绍了牙形刺带和组合带在我国北方的分布、时代及其对比。     

塔里木盆地棋盘-杜瓦地区早二叠世孢粉植物群及生态环境

新疆塔里木盆地是我国含油气远景极好的内陆盆地。因本区油气资源勘探工作的需要,笔者对盆地西南缘二叠系化石孢粉组合进行了研究。本文根据孢粉组合特征,将原划为晚石炭世塔哈奇组上部的一段地层划入二叠系,并讨论了早二叠世植物群面貌、生态环境特征和孢粉组合中的混生现象。     

塔里木盆地棋盘—杜瓦地区早二叠世孢粉植物群及生态环境

新疆塔里木盆地是我国含油气远景极好的内陆盆地。因本区油气资源勘探工作的需要,笔者对盆地西南缘二叠系化石孢粉组合进行了研究。本文根据孢粉组合特征,将原划为晚石炭世塔哈奇组上部的一段地层划入二叠系,并讨论了早二叠世植物群面貌、生态环境特征和孢粉组合中的混生现象。     

滇西二叠纪Shanita-Hemigordius(Hemigordiopsis)有孔虫动物群

近几年来,在亚洲一些地区二叠系,发现了一个大型有孔虫Shanita,常与Hemigordius(Hemigordiopsis)伴生,组成特提斯海区二叠纪颇具特色的动物群,分布在一定的区域范围,形成了特定的生物地理区。本文主要记述这一动物群在我国滇西地区的发现及其纵横分布情况。本文材料系云南省地质局第一区测队、云南省地质研究所等单位送来我所鉴定的,薄片、照相、绘图均由我所技术室承担,特此致谢。滇西潞西、腾冲、镇康一带二叠系较发育,由巨厚的白云质灰岩、灰岩及泥岩等组成,含有和中国南部其它地区(秦岭地区除外)不尽相同的有孔虫动物群。据云南省地质局第一区域地质测量大队工作结果,此区二叠系自上而下,大致分层如下: 上覆地层:中三叠统或侏罗系     

华南早二叠世阿丁斯克期菊石及生物地层

一、前言我国地质界长期以来,沿用以华南马平组(船山组)上部 "Pseudoschwagerina 带"(广义)与二叠系命名地点苏联乌拉尔西部阿谢尔阶对比,以栖霞组与阿丁斯克阶对比的方案;强调由于地壳运动"云南上升"或"黔桂运动",马平组(船山组)与栖霞组之间在我国南方普遍存在沉积间断,造成华南缺乏萨克马尔期沉积的印象.近廿年来,西南地区的地质工作者在黔西南和桂西北等地上述两个岩组之间发现厚达数百米的"石炭-二叠系过渡层",即碎屑岩相的"龙吟组"(广义)和碳酸岩相的"常么组"和"纳     

巴基斯坦盐岭地区二叠纪生物地层研究的新进展

近30年来,巴基斯坦盐岭地区的Wargal组和Chhidru组以及在喜马拉雅地区相当地层的地质时代被许多学者视为中二叠世(瓜达鲁普世)。根据华南与盐岭地区瓜达鲁普统和乐平统的牙形类化石带对比,可以确定Amb组和Wargal组底部的时代为瓜达鲁普世晚期,瓜达鲁普统与乐平统的界线位于Wargal组下部,吴家坪阶与长兴阶的界线位于Chhidru组的下部,而二叠与三叠系的界线位于Mianwali组下部的Kathwai段之内。我国西藏南部色龙群及相当地层含有与巴基斯坦盐岭地区Kalabagh段和Chhidru组可对比的乐平世腕足动物群以及二叠系—三叠系界线附近连续的牙形类化石带,由此可以推定色龙群的时代应为乐平世。     

Palaeobiogeographic distribution patterns and processes of Neochonetes and Fusichonetes (Brachiopoda) in the late Palaeozoic and earliest Mesozoic

The global palaeobiogeographic distributions of two resembling genera, Neochonetes and Fusichonetes (Brachiopoda), from the Carboniferous to Griesbachian are analysed. This analysis provides insight into the biotic response of two related genera to changing palaeoclimate, regional tectonics, and environmental crises. Neochonetes originated in the equatorial area in the Mississippian, and it mostly retained this position during the peak of the glaciation in the Carboniferous–Permian ice age (namely in the Pennsylvanian). Neochonetes then dispersed globally during the Cisuralian when the climate became warmer and the ice sheet started to retreat. In the Guadalupian and Lopingian, following the closure of the Ural seaway at the end of the Cisuralian and the regression at the end-Guadalupian, Neochonetes almost disappeared in the western part of Gondwana. Subsequently during the Lopingian the genus retracted to the middle- and low-latitude Palaeo-Tethys and Tethys. In comparison, Fusichonetes originated in the equatorial area in the late Guadalupian and was still present in that area in the Lopingian. Both genera occurred only in South China in the Griesbachian. It is inferred that this could be related, not only to the deteriorated palaeoenvironmental conditions (e.g., anoxia, global warming) leading up to the extinction of most of the Neochonetes and Fusichonetes species in other areas, but also to the better physiological adaptation of the smaller shells of Neochonetes and Fusichonetes species in South China.     

Latest Guadalupian brachiopods from the Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary GSSP section at Penglaitan in Laibin, Guangxi, South China and implications for the timing of the pre-Lopingian crisis

A brachiopod fauna comprising nine species in eight genera from three closely spaced stratigraphic horizons of the same stratigraphic section is described for the first time from the Laibin Limestone in the uppermost part of the Maokou Formation in the Guadalupian/Lopingian (G/L) GSSP section at Penglaitan, Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China. The brachiopod assemblages are bracketed between two conodont zones: Jinogondolella xuanhanensis Zone below and Jinogondolella granti Zone above and, therefore, they can be safely assigned to the latest Capitanian in age. However, all but one of the nine brachiopod species from the Laibin Limestone carry strong early Lopingian (Wuchiapingian) aspect. Thus, the discovery of this brachiopod fauna not only suggests that some Lopingian brachiopod species had already appeared in the late Guadalupian (Capitanian); more importantly, it has also highlighted the fact that both the previously noted pre-Lopingian life crisis (or end-Guadalupian or Middle Permian mass extinction) and Lopingian recovery/radiation actually occurred in late Capitanian times, sometime before the G/L chronostratigraphic boundary. So far, the Penglaitan GSSP section provides the highest-resolution disappearance patterns of different fossil groups around the G/L boundary.     

前乐平统海洋动物灾变事件

作为古生代最后阶段的乐平统可划分为２个阶和４个亚阶,暂以逼近自然界线的Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａ ｐｏｓｔｂｉｔｔｅｒｉ带之底为下界;在二叠纪形成了栖霞期之前和吴家坪期之前两个超序界面,乐平世海侵居于二叠一三叠纪超序的低水位体系,乐平世末的海泛淹没了古特提斯区的残留陆棚;二叠纪末的生物大绝灭形成规模和性质不同的两幕;茅口期末全球性海退使栖居地丧失而导致地方性类群和远洋浮游生物灭亡的前乐平统海泮动物灾变事件,     

Transgressive–regressive sequences on the slope of an isolated carbonate platform (Middle–Late Permian, Laibin, South China)

From the Middle to Late Permian, the Laibin area in Guangxi, South China, was situated on the slope of an isolated carbonate platform, on which continuous marine successions were deposited. Two global stratotype sections for the boundary between the Guadalupian (Middle Permian) and Lopingian (Late Permian) are located at Penglaitan and Tieqiao in the Laibin area, respectively, and thus are chosen for study. At the two locations, 14 facies are recognized in the Maokou and Heshan Formations, and they are further grouped into four facies associations (basin, lower slope, upper slope, and platform margin). Six main transgressive–regressive (TR) sequences are identified in strata from the Roadian (Middle Permian) to the Wuchiapingian (Late Permian). They are conformable marine sequences that were little influenced by regional uplift (Dongwu Movement) and so provide a good record of the sea-level changes in South China at this time. Based on the significant taxonomic selection and controversial marine faunal loss in the end-Guadalupian mass extinction, and the Middle-Late Permian sea-level changes recorded by the TR sequences in the Laibin area, it is suggested that this extinction event might have been triggered by the reduction and loss of shallow-marine habitat area caused by the end-Guadalupian regression. The global cooling and Emeishan volcanism also occurring at this time could have further enhanced this extinction event.     

以化石带为基础的华南(竹蜓)类属种数据库

以华南类化石带序列为基础 ,对华南地区类属种的地层分布资料进行了整理 ,建立了华南类 90属14 47种的地层、地理分布数据库。在数据库中 ,可以类化石带为时间尺度 ,查询华南地区不同时期类属种的首现及末现数 ,统计类属种数及属种名单。通过对查询、统计结果的分析 ,可以研究华南地区石炭—二叠纪类分异度的变化过程 ,为研究类动物群的辐射演化、灭绝型式提供定量数据。初步分析结果揭示 :华南地区类动物群物种分异度在早二叠世时曾大幅度下降。就物种消失的数量而言 ,早二叠世类动物群物种分异度的下降构成了本区石炭—二叠纪规模最大的类动物群事件。     

黔南石炭-二叠系界线牙形刺序列的再研究

本文详细描述了华南贵州罗甸纳水和紫云羊场石炭-二叠系的界线牙形刺序列,并自上而下可划分为：Streptognathodus barskovi,S.constrictus,S.isolatus,S.wabaunsensis.S.tenuialueus和S.firmus带,而Strep-tognathodus isolatus的首现则代表了二叠系的底界,本文讨论了世界各地石炭-二叠系界线牙形刺序列的对比。     

Callistophytalean pteridosperms from Permian aged floras of China

Abstract: Recent investigations into Permian aged floras from China have highlighted the widespread occurrence of callistophytalean pteridosperms that challenge previous understanding of their spatial and temporal distribution and diversity. In China, the group spans the Permian period and constitutes a distinctive but rare component in many peat‐forming environments. The stratigraphically earliest callistophytalean occurs in the Asselian‐Sakmarian stages with fossils from the Taiyuan Formation of northern China including ovules of Callospermarion undulatum in coal ball assemblages, and ovulate fronds of Norinosperma shanxiensis and synangiate fronds of Norinotheca shanxiensis in adpression assemblages. More abundant in the fossil records are adpression remains from the Roadian‐Wordian stages with the Lower Shihhotse Formation preserving abundant vegetative and ovulate remains of Emplectopteris triangularis that is now considered to represent a callistophytalean. The youngest callistophytalean recognised is from the Wuchaipingian‐Changhsingian stages with the Xuanwei Formation of southern China containing a single stem of Callistophyton boyssetii that provides indisputable evidence of the group in the lead up to the end‐Permian mass extinction. These accounts are augmented by analysis of pollen records that demonstrate the callistophytalean pollen genus Vesicaspora to be widespread through palynological assemblages from the Permian period in both North and South China, including the Upper Shihhotse Formation, Shihchienfeng Group, Xuanwei Formation, and possibly also in the mid‐Pennsylvanian Benxi Formation. Although macrofossil specimens are uncommon elements in the assemblages that contain them, they demonstrate the continuity of callistophytalean pteridosperms from the Pennsylvanian sub‐period into the early Guadalupian epoch of the Permian in North China and into the Lopingian epoch of the Permian in South China. Of the species present, both Callistophyton boyssetii and Callospermarion undulatum are known from the Pennsylvanian–earliest Permian age floras of Euramerica, whereas Norinosperma, Norinotheca and Emplectopteris appear to represent endemic Cathaysian elements. Results imply that callistophytalean pteridosperms can no longer be excluded from theories of post‐Carboniferous plant evolution and floristics, appearing to have played an important role in both Permian and Carboniferous aged plant communities. The presence of Vesicaspora in several formations from which macro‐remains have not been identified is a hopeful indicator that further callistophytalean pteridosperms are yet to be found.     

Permian reefs re-examined: extrinsic control mechanisms of gradual and abrupt changes during 40 my of reef evolution

The evolution of Permian reefs is characterized by the following sequence of events: (1) Late Carboniferous–Cisuralian radiation, (2) early Late Cisuralian (Artinskian–Kungurian) turnover, (3) Guadalupian radiation, (4) end-Guadalupian crisis, (5) Lopingian radiation, (6) end-Lopingian crisis at the PTB (Permian–Triassic boundary), and (7) the at least 7 my (million years) metazoan reef gap during the Early Triassic. The early Late Cisuralian turnover and the end-Guadalupian reef crisis are gradual changes, while the end-Lopingian reef crisis represents an abrupt event. Lopingian reefs occur in a zone from 40 °N to 15 °S, Guadalupian reefs in an extended equatorial zone from 35 °N to 35 °S, and Lopingian reefs in a narrow equatorial zone of 20 °N and 20 °S. This pattern resulted from a network of global and regional control mechanisms including the assemblage of Pangea, the northward drift of continents, the opening of Neo-Tethys, and second-order sea level changes. The mechanism of the extinction has been intensely debated and a combination of the above mentioned long-term changes and abrupt ocean anoxia or hypercapnia (CO₂-poisoning) for the end-Guadalupian reef crisis is considered.