六种中国苔类植物的染色体数目

报道了6种中国苔类植物配子体茎尖分生组织有丝分裂中期的染色体数目(1)皱叶耳叶苔,n=9;(2)双齿异萼苔,n=9;(3)卵叶羽苔,n=9;(4)丛生光萼苔日本变种,n=8;(5)密叶光萼苔,n=8;(6)格氏合叶苔,n=9。其中丛生光萼苔日本变种的染色体数目为首次报道,双齿异萼苔的染色体数目为国内首次报道。     

东北产6种苔类植物细胞学观察

本文对东北产6种苔类植物进行了染色体数目报道,它们是阔叶裂叶苔Lophoziaexcisa,皱叶裂叶苔L.incisa,倾立裂叶苔L.ascendens,细裂瓣苔Barbilophozia barbata,裂萼苔Chiloscyphus polyanthus,指叶苔Lepidozia reptans,其染色体数目均为n=9。其中阔叶裂叶苔和倾产裂叶苔为首次报道。     

中国产光萼苔科四种植物的核型研究

报道了中国产光萼苔科四种植物配子体有丝分裂中期的染色体数目和核型,四种植物的染色体数目均为n=8。核型为：细光萼苔陕西变种(P．gracillima vat．urogea)k(n)=8=8m或k(n)=8=4v 4(v);毛缘光萼苔(P．vernicosa)k(n)=8=5m 3sm或k(n)=8=6v 2J;密叶光萼苔(P．densifolia)k(n)=8=8m或k(n)=8=5v 3(v);多瓣苔(Macvicaria ulophylla)k(n)=8=6m 2sm或k(n)=8=6v 1(v) 1J．     

异叶苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的核型研究

本文首次报道了中国特有异叶苣苔属的染色体数目及核型。该属所研究种类的染色体数目均为 2n＝18,染色体长度在2.0µm以上,在尖舌苣苔族所报道的染色体中显示出较原始的性状。尖舌苣苔 族的染色体基数可能是x=9。异叶苣苔属的间期核均为复杂型;前期染色体呈渐变型。核型从对称型 向不对称型的演化主要表现在近中部着丝粒,尤其是近端部着丝粒染色体比例的增大。毕节异叶苣苔 W．bljieensis和峨眉异叶苣苔W．tsiangiana var．wilsonii的核型分别为2n=2m＋8m＋8sm(1sat)和 2n=2m＋8m(1sat)＋8sm(2sat),较为对称。紫红异叶苣苔W．purpurascens和白花异叶苣苔W. tsiangiana var. tsiangiana的核型分别为2n=4m＋6sm＋8st(1sat)和2n=4m＋8sm(2sat)＋6st,比较 特化。河口异叶苣苔W．hekouensis的核型是2n=4m+10sm(1sat)+4st,处于二者之间。峨眉异叶苣 苔和原变种白花异叶苣苔的核型差异较大,在外部形态方面二者之间的性状变异也间断较大。本文建 议将该变种从白花异叶苣苔W．tsiangiana中移出自成一种,并和毕节异叶苣苔近缘。     

秦岭地区苔类植物区系的初步研究

在野外调查和已有资料的基础上,分析了秦岭地区苔类植物区系组成和分布类型.现知秦岭地区苔类、角苔类有35科66属270种.其中指叶苔科、叶苔科、裂叶苔科、合叶苔科、齿萼苔科、羽苔科、光萼苔科、耳叶苔科、细鳞苔科、瘤冠苔科为优势科;指叶苔属、鞭苔属、叶苔属、裂叶苔属、合叶苔属、羽苔属、扁萼苔属、光萼苔属、耳叶苔属、细鳞苔属为优势属.在区系成分上,温带成分最高,东亚、热带亚洲成分次之,中国特有成分也比较高.同时有大量的科中仅一属和属中仅一种的类群存在,说明本地区苔类植物科属结构比较简单,分化程度不高.还分析了秦岭苔类植物区系及我国其他5个地区苔类植物区系之间的关系.     

国产12种苔藓植物的染色体数目

报道了中国产12种苔藓植物染色体数目,结果为:壶苞苔Blasia pusilla,n=9;艳绿光苔Cyathodium smaragdinum,n=9;紫背苔Plagiochasma rupestre,n=9;石地钱Reboulia hemisphaerica,n=9;宽片叶苔Riccardia latifrons,n=10;尖叶美喙藓Eurhynchium eustegium,n=11;东亚沼羽藓Helodium sachalinense,n=11;白齿藓Leucodon sciuroides,n=11     

云南十种苦苣苔科植物的染色体数目报道

首次报道了产于云南的苦苣苔科Gesneriaceae2族7属10种植物的染色体数目。其中,1）芒毛苣苔属Aeschynanthus 2种：显苞芒毛苣苔A.bracteatus的染色体数目为2n=32,黄杨叶芒毛苣苔A.buxifolius2个居群的染色体数目不同,金平居群为2n=32,可能为二倍体,屏边居群的染色体数目为2n=64,可能为四倍体。2）吊石苣苔属Lysionotus 1种：吊石苣苔L.pauciflorus为2n=32。3）珊瑚苣苔属Corallodiscus 1种：石胆草 C.flabellatus的染色体数目为2n=40。4）唇柱苣苔属Chirita3种：圆叶唇柱苣苔Ch.dielsii,大叶唇柱苣苔Ch.macrophylla和美丽唇柱苣苔Ch.speciosa的染色体数目均为2n=18。5）半蒴苣苔属Hemiboea 1种：贵州半蒴苣苔H.cavaleriei为2n=32。6）马铃苣苔属Oreocharis 1种：黄马铃苣苔O.aurea为2n=34;7）石蝴蝶属Petrocosmea1种：髯毛胡蝶P.barbata为2n=32。     

被子植物非国产科汉名的初步拟订

报道了中国产12种苔藓植物染色体数目,结果为:壶苞苔Blasia pusilla,n=9;艳 绿光苔Cyathodium smaragdinum,n=9;紫背苔Plagiochasma rupestre,n=9;石地钱Rebou lia hemisphaerica,n=9;宽片叶苔Riccardia latifrons,n=10;尖叶美喙藓Eurhynchium eustegium,n=11;东亚沼羽藓Helodium sachalinense,n=11;白齿藓Leucodon sciuroides,     

广西苦苣苔科四种植物的染色体数目报道

首次报道了产于广西的苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)4属4种植物的染色体数目。其中,(1)单座苣苔属(Metabriggsia):单座苣苔(M.ovalifolia)的染色体数目2n=24;(2)异裂苣苔属(Pseudochirita):异裂苣苔(P.guangxiensis)的染色体数目为2n=28;(3)长蒴苣苔属(Didymocarpus):东南长蒴苣苔(D.hancei)的染色体数目为2n=20;(4)唇柱苣苔属(Chirita):弄岗唇柱苣苔(Ch.longgangensis)的染色体数目为2n=28。4种植物的染色体大多数为小型染色体。     

三褶虾脊兰的核型分析

采用压片法研究了三褶虾脊兰[Calanthe triplicata(Willem.)Ames]的染色体数目和核型.结果表明:三褶虾脊兰的染色体数目2n=38,为二倍体,核型公式为2n=2x=38=28m 8sm 2st.主要由中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成.核型分类为2B型,比较对称.     

杯萼海桑和格氏海桑自然杂交的分子证据

Interspecific hybridization has been frequently observed in the mangrove genus Sonneratia. However, no natural hybridization has been reported between Sonneratia alba and S. griffithii to date, despite their overlapping distribution in the coast of Andaman Sea. In this study, cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene (cpi) from the nuclear genome, and two intergenic spacers (trnL-trnF and trnV-trnM) from the chloroplast genome, were sequenced to determine whether natural hybridization took place between the two species. Our results revealed two distinct types of cpi sequences from the putative hybrid matching those acquired from S. griffithii and S. alba, respectively. Sequencing of the chloroplast trnL-trnF and trnV-trnM regions showed that S. alba differed from S. griffithii by one nucleotide in each region, and the putative hybrid had the identical sequences with S. griffithii. Molecular data demonstrated clearly that there indeed existed natural hybridization between S. alba and S. griffithii, and that S. griffithii was the maternal parent in this hybridization event.     

Chromosomes of African Hepatics—Jubulae

Abstract

The chromosome numbers of five species belonging to the Jubulae have been described, and are as follows:

Lejeuneaceae

Cololejeunea cf. dissita, n = 9.

Arehilejeunea autoiea Vanden Berghen, n=9.

Caudalejeunea hanningtonii (Mitt.) Schiffn., n =9.

Mastigolejeunea florea (Mitt.) Steph., n=9.

Frullaniaceae

Frullania spongiosa Steph., female, n = 9.

F. spongiosa Steph., male, n=8.

The author wishes to thank Dr E. W. Jones for assistance in identifications, especially with Cololejeunea cf. dissita.     

Effect of eland density and foraging on Combretum apiculatum physiognomy in a semi-arid savannah

We studied the impacts of eland density on the physiognomy of Combretum apiculatum . We divided the study area into two zones: high eland density zone (≤8 km from watering point) and low eland density zone (≥8 km from watering point). Eland density was determined in each zone using walking transects. Combretum apiculatum height and diameter and levels of eland damage were measured in each zone. Eland density was 1.92 and 0.86 km⁻² for high and low-density zones respectively. We recorded 239 C. apiculatum trees, 138 in low-density zone and 101 in high-density zone. Mean C. apiculatum height was 2.88 ± 0.67 m and 5.05 ± 1.04 m for high and low eland density zones respectively. High eland density prevented the recruitment of C. apiculatum from the 2.6–5.5 m height class to the >5.6 m height class. Although extensive tree damage occurred at <2.5 m height stratum, C. apiculatum showed resilience as recruitment into the 2.6–5.5 m height class continued. We concluded that high eland density prevents recruitment of C. apiculatum to higher height classes while at the same time causing extensive tree damage at lower height strata.     

Comparative karyomorphology and interrelationships ofSelaginella in Japan

Karyomorphological comparisons were made of 16 native and cultivated species ofSelaginella in Japan. The somatic chromosome numbers are 2n=16 inS. boninensis; 2n=18 inS. doederleinii, S. helvetica, S. limbata, S. lutchuensis, S. nipponica, S. selaginoides, S. tama-montana, andS. uncinata; 2n=20 inS. biformis, S. involvens, S. moellendorffii, S. remotifolia, andS. tamariscina; 2n=30 inS. rossii; and 2n=32 inS. heterostachys. The interphase nuclei of all species examined are uniformly assigned to the simple chromocenter type. The metaphase karyotype of 2n=16 (x=8) is 8 m (=median centromeric chromosomes)+8(st+t)(=subterminal and terminal). The group of the species having 2n=18 (x=9) is heterogeneous karyomorphologically: The karyotype ofS. nipponica is 2n=18=6 m+12(st+t),S. tama-montana 10 m+2 sm(=submedian)+6(st+t), andS. uncinata 6 m+7 sm+5(st+t). Although the remaining five species have the common karyotype 8 m+4 sm+6(st+t), the values of mean chromosome length are variable. Another group of the specles having 2n=20 (x=10) is homogeneous, since all species have the same karyotypes 8 m+4 sm+8(st+t) and have similar chromosome size. The karyotype of 2n=30 is 12 m+6 sm+12(st+t) and is suggested to be a triploid of x=10, and 2n=32=16m+16(st+t), a tetraploid of x=8. Thus, three kinds of basic chromosome numbers, x=8, 9, 10 are present in JapaneseSelaginella examined, and their karyomorphological relationships are discussed.     

獐牙菜属5种植物的核型研究

首次报道了中国５种獐芽菜属植物的染色体数目和核型。它们染色体中期核和相对长度组分分别是：四数獐牙菜为２ｎ＝１４＝４ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＝２Ｌ＋６Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋２Ｓ;华北獐牙菜２ｎ＝２８＝１２ｍ＋１４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＝６Ｌ＋８Ｍ１＋＋６Ｓ;二叶獐牙菜为２ｎ＝２８＝１４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋１０ｓｔ＝２Ｌ＋１４Ｍ２＋１０１＋ｓＳ;抱茎獐 菜为２ｎ＝６ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＝８Ｍ２＋１２Ｍ;浙江獐牙菜为２ｎ＝２０＝８ｍ＋     

Pacifigorgianes and tamariscene as constituents of Frullania tamarisci and Valeriana officinalis

The sesquiterpenoid constituents of the essential oils from the liverworts Frullania tamarisci, Frullania fragilifolia and of the angiosperm Valeriana officinalis were investigated. Tamariscene, a compound with a new sesquiterpene skeleton, valerena-4,7(11)-diene and five new pacifigorgiadienes, namely pacifigorgia-1,10-diene, pacifigorgia-1(6),10-diene, pacifigorgia-1(9),10-diene, pacifigorgia-2,10-diene, and pacifigorgia-2(10),11-diene were isolated and identified. Structure elucidation was carried out by NMR spectroscopy and chemical correlations to establish absolute configurations. Compounds present in both the essential oils of the Frullania species and Valeriana officinalis were enantiomeric to each other. A plausible biogenetic relationship between the pacifigorgiane, valerenane and tamariscane skeletons is postulated. Pacifigorgia-6,11-diene, not yet detected in nature, was generated by dehydration and rearrangement of natural (-)-tamariscol.     

色疣节梗孢属一中国新记录种

【目的】调查我国植物病原真菌资源与多样性。【方法】采用经典真菌形态分类方法并结合序列分析结果对研究样品进行鉴定。【结果】从浙江省绍兴市平水镇的林下枯叶上分离到尖色疣节梗孢,对尖色疣节梗孢的形态特征进行了详细的观察和描述,并对其ITS rDNA序列进行分析。【结论】金缕梅叶斑病的尖色疣节梗孢病原菌在我国是首次发现,为我国真菌新记录种。     

Rapid evaluation of ant diversity in land use systems in southern Bahia, Brazil

We aimed to compare the soil ant diversity in different land use systems from Atlantic Forest area, in Southern Bahia state, Brazil. The ants were sampled in 16 sites: two primary forest sites (un-logged forest); three young secondary forests (<8 years old); three intermediate secondary forests (8-20 years old); three old secondary forests (>20 years old); three Eucalyptus grandis plantations (3-7 years old), and two introduced pastures. Each site was sampled in three sampling points 15 m apart, and distant over 50 m from the site edge. In each sampling point we gathered the litter from a 1 m2 and extracted the ants with Winkler extractors during 48h. We found 103 ant species from 29 genera and eight subfamilies. The five richest genera were Pheidole (19 species), Solenopsis (8), Apterostigma (10), Hypoponera (7) e Paratrechina (5). The highest ant richness density was found in the primary forest (7.4 species/sample; S = 37; n = 5); followed by the old secondary forest (5.33 species/sample; S = 48; n = 9); young secondary forest (5.25 species/sample; S = 42, n = 8); eucalyptus plantation (4.22 species/sample; S = 38, n = 9), intermediate secondary forest (3.5 species/sample; S = 35, n = 10, and introduced pasture (2.67 species/sample; S = 16, n = 6). The ecosystems with higher structural complexity showed the highest ant richness density by sample. Therefore, in the Atlantic Forest region, the eucalyptus plantation is a better alternative of land use to conserve the ant biodiversity than pastures, and quite similar to native secondary forests in ant community characteristics.     

九种二变种山茶属植物的核型报道

本文报道了９种２变山茶属植物的核型．结果如下：Ｃａｍｅｌｉａｈｅｎｒｙａｎａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２１ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｆｕｒｆｕｒａｃｅａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２０ｍ＋１０ｓｍ;Ｃ．ｗａｒｄｉ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１８ｍ＋１１ｍ＋１ｓｔ;Ｃ．ａｎｌｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１９ｍ＋９ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ａｎｌｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ａｃｕｔｉｐｅｒｕｌａｔａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１９ｍ＋９ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｐｙｘｉｄｉａｃｅａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２０ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｐｙｘｉｄｉａｃｅａｖａｒ．ｒｕｂｉｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２１ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｂｒｅｖｉｓｔｙｌａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１８ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｌｅｐｔｏｐｈｙｌａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２４ｍ（１ｓａｔ）＋４ｓｍ（１ｓａｔ）＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１８ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｐｉｔａｒｄｉ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１８ｍ＋１２ｓｍ．其中,前７种２变种的核型为首次报道,比较前人的有关研究可以看出上述核型在种间较相似,以组为单位进行比较比种间比较具有更大的意义。