转大麻哈鱼生长激素基因鲤表型性状与体质量的相关性及通径分析

随机选取二龄转大麻哈鱼生长激素基因鲤和对照鲤各30尾,运用相关分析和通径分析的方法研究全长、体长、体高、尾柄高、尾柄长、头长、吻长、眼径、眼间距、体厚10个表型性状对体质量的影响程度,以此确定影响二龄转基因鲤和对照鲤体质量的主要表型参数.相关分析结果表明:转基因鲤和对照鲤的大部分表型性状与体质量间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01).通径分析结果显示:体长和体高可以作为预测转基因鲤体质量的主要表型参数,转基因鲤体长对体质量的通径系数为0.572,体高对体质量的通径系数为0.415,体长和体高直接决定体质量;而体厚和头长可以作为预测对照鲤体质量的主要表型参数,对照鲤体厚对体质量的通径系数为0.610,头长对体质量的通径系数为0.377,体厚和头长对体质量具有决定作用.     

中国虾虎鱼科二新纪录

网纹克丽虾虎鱼 Chloea mororana Jordan et Snyder,1921 标本12尾。体长52—58毫米。采自辽宁省庄河、丹东、旅顺。 背鳍Ⅶ,Ⅰ—12—14;臀鳍1—11—14;胸鳍21—23。纵列鳞85—91,横列鳞23—28。体长为体高的5.7—6.3倍,为头长的3.6—4.6倍。头长为吻长的3.3—3.7倍,为眼径的4.7—5.7倍,为上颌长的     

中国平鳍鳅科鱼类—新纪录种

2002年6月于云南省河口瑶族自治县采集到鱼类标本3尾,经鉴定为我国华吸鳅属鱼类之新纪录种-红河华吸鳅（Sinogastromyzon chapaensis),测定标本3尾均保存在台湾清华大学,体长35-50mm。背鳍iii,8;臀鳍ii,5;胸鳍xiv-xv,14-16;腹鳍x-xi,11-12,侧线鳞60-64,体长为体高的7.0-7.2倍,为体宽的4.3-4.6倍,为头长的4.9-5.1倍,为尾柄长的5.4-6.0倍,为尾柄高的12.7-14.0倍,为背鳍前距的2.2倍,为腹鳍前距的2.4-2.7倍,头长为头高的1.8-1.9倍,为头宽的0.9-1.1倍,为吻长的2.0-2.1倍,为眼径的4.7-5.0倍,为眼间距的2.0-2.3倍,尾柄长为尾柄高的2.2-2.6倍,头宽为口宽的3.7-4.6倍。     

西双版纳发现圆唇鱼

查看云南大学生物系收藏的鱼类标本时,发现1号圆唇鱼标本,1984年4月采自云南省西双版纳州勐腊。经鉴定系短须圆唇鱼Cyclocheilichthys repasson(Bleeker),现将其主要性状简记如下:短须圆唇鱼Cyclocheilichthys repasson(Bleeker)全长86毫米,体长70毫米,体长为体高的3.2倍,为头长的3.7倍。尾柄长与其高约相等。背鳍条3,8;臀鳍条3,6;胸鳍条1,16;腹鳍条1,9。鳃耙7。侧线鳞(数至最末1枚具孔鳞片)37,侧线上鳞6.5,侧线下鳞(至腹鳍起点)4.5;背鳍前鳞12;围尾柄鳞18。口端位,上颌略突出。缺上颌须,一对口角须极微小。唇后沟在颏部相通,但较浅。头背…     

东海南部竹筴鱼形态特征参数及其相关性比较分析

2012年4月采集东海南部水域100尾竹筴鱼样本,测量其体长、全长、头长、头高、体高、体厚、吻长、眼径、眼后头长、尾柄长、尾柄高、体重等共12个形态特征指标.采用方差分析、偏相关分析、通径分析及回归分析,研究竹筴鱼东海南部种群各形态特征参数间的相关关系,确定与竹筴鱼体重显著相关的主要形态特征参数.结果表明:东海南部竹筴鱼的头长、头高、体厚、吻长、眼径、眼后头长、尾柄高、体重与体长呈指数相关(P＜0.01);而全长、体高、尾柄长则与体长呈线性相关(P＜0.01).竹筴鱼体长和体重的拟合方程为:y=0.0185x28736 (R2=0.9714);竹筴鱼的b值为2.8736,小于3,为负异速增长,即体长的增长速度要高于体重.头长、头高、体高、眼后头长、尾柄高对竹筴鱼体质量的影响存在显著关系;对竹筴鱼体质量的直接作用影响大小依次为:头长(0.242**)＞尾柄高(0.223**)＞头高(0.197**)＞眼后头长(0.161**)＞体高(0.155**),建立了竹筴鱼体质量的最优回归数学模型:y=-46.845 +3.892x1+9.623 x2+ 12.354x3+7.128x4+ 8.361x5.     

广西华缨鱼属鱼类一新种记述

在整理华缨鱼属标本时发现,1993年9月在广西壮族自治区天峨县红水河水系地下河采集到的一批标本为一个未经发表的新种,新种订名为大眼华缨鱼(Sinocrossocheilus megalophthalmus)。其下咽齿2行,可与下咽齿3行的7种华缨鱼相区别,而与属内同样具2行下咽齿的贵州华缨鱼(S.guizhouensis)、小口华缨鱼(S.microstomatus)和宽唇华缨鱼(S.labiatus)亲缘关系较近。但:(1)新种胸鳍中点上方无黑斑,背鳍分枝鳍条7,腹鳍分枝鳍条7,背鳍前鳞15—16,眼大,头长为眼径2·5—3·1倍,眼径为头宽44·7%—57·8%,吻须后伸至前后鼻孔之间或眼前缘,口角须后伸至眼前缘至眼中之间或眼中至眼后缘之间,体长为尾柄高8·9—10·7倍,头长为吻长2·5—3·7倍,可与贵州华缨鱼(胸鳍中点上方有一明显黑斑,背鳍分枝鳍条8,腹鳍分枝鳍条8,背鳍前鳞12—14,头长为眼径4·0—5·0倍,眼径为头宽16·6%—20·7%,吻须后伸不达后鼻孔后缘,口角须后伸至眼前缘,体长为尾柄高7·2—8·2倍,头长为吻长1·9—2·2倍)相区别;(2)新种背鳍前鳞15—16,侧线鳞39—40,侧线上鳞4·5—5·5,背鳍分枝鳍条7,鳃耙13,腹鳍末端伸达肛门,眼径为头宽44·7%—57·8%,可与宽唇华缨鱼(背鳍前鳞22,侧线鳞42—45,侧线上鳞6·5,背鳍分枝鳍条8,鳃耙10,腹鳍末端不达肛门,眼径为头宽23·3%—30·0%)相区别;(3)新种与同水系的小口华缨鱼在鳍条数、侧线鳞、体色、斑纹等方面最为相似,但新种围尾柄鳞14/16,眼大,头长为眼径2·5—3·1倍,腹鳍末端伸达肛门,口角须后伸至眼前缘至眼中之间或眼中至眼后缘之间,吻皮边缘深裂成小穗,背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为近,背鳍长大于头长,体长为尾柄长4·8—5·9倍,头长为吻长2·5—3·7倍,尾柄长为尾柄高1·6—2·1倍,可与之(围尾柄鳞12,眼小,头为眼径4·4—4·6倍,腹鳍末端不达肛门,口角须伸达眼下方,吻皮边缘不开裂或开裂不明显,背鳍起点距吻端等于距尾鳍基,背鳍条约等于头长,体长为尾柄长6·1—6·4倍,头长为吻长2·1—2·4倍,尾柄长为尾柄高1·4—1·5倍)相区别。     

黄颡鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖特征

测定了黄颡鱼成体的体长、头长、头宽、头高、吻长、眼径、眼间距、眼后头长、体高、尾柄高、背鳍基前距、背鳍基长、尾柄长、腹鳍基前距、背鳍脂鳍间距、腹鳍臀鳍间距、尾鳍长、体重、去内脏体重等形态指标以及雌体的怀卵数量。雌性成体的体长显著小于雄性成体。其它局部特征皆与体长呈正相关,回归剩余值的t—检验表明,雌性成体的眼径、头高、体高、腹鳍基前距、体重显著大于雄性成体,其它局部形态特征不存在显著的两性差异。黄颡鱼雌体通过个体大小的增加和腹部形态的改变增加腹腔容量,增加繁殖输出。     

远缘鲫(白鲫♀×兴国红鲤(↑))与其亲本若干遗传性状比较

目的:为种质鉴定及杂交育种等方面提供理论依据.方法:通过试验,从形态、生长、发育、生化方面比较了远缘鲫(白鲫♀×兴国红鲤(↑))与其亲本的若干遗传性状.结果:远缘鲫主要形态特征如体色、鳍条数、腹膜颜色、脊椎骨数目、体长/体高、体长/尾柄高等接近于母本,侧线鳞数、口须、体长/头长、体长/尾柄长等形态特征接近于父本;肌肉必需氨基酸含量9.21%,高于双亲;可食部分大,经济性状优,空壳重/体重平均85.8%,高于双亲;个体增重比白鲫平均快61.5%;远缘鲫雌雄均不育.结论:远缘鲫具有一定的杂合性,是真正的杂种,获得了杂交优势.     

中国平鳍鳅科鱼类一新纪录种

20 0 2年 6月于云南省河口瑶族自治县采集到鱼类标本 3尾 ,经鉴定为我国华吸鳅属鱼类之新纪录种———红河华吸鳅 (Sinogastromyzonchapaensis)。测量标本 3尾均保存在台湾清华大学。体长 35～ 5 0mm。背鳍iii,8;臀鳍ii,5 ;胸鳍xiv～xv ,14～ 16 ;腹鳍x～xi,11～ 12。侧线鳞 6 0～ 6 4。体长为体高的 7 0～ 7 2倍 ,为体宽的 4 3～ 4 6倍 ,为头长的 4 9～ 5 1倍 ,为尾柄长的 5 4～ 6 0倍 ,为尾柄高的 12 7～ 14 0倍 ,为背鳍前距的 2 2倍 ,为腹鳍前距的 2 4～ 2 7倍。头长为头高的 1 8～ 1 9倍 ,为头宽的 0 9～ 1 1倍 ,为吻长的 2 0～2 1倍 ,为眼径的 4 7～ 5 0倍 ,为眼间距的 2 0～ 2 3倍。尾柄长为尾柄高的 2 2～ 2 6倍。头宽为口宽的 3 7～4 6倍。     

颈斑尖猪鱼——中国南海隆头鱼科新纪录种

本文根据采自海南岛的标本描述了中国南海一新记录种:颈斑尖猪鱼(Leptojulis lambdastigma)。本种的主要形态特征为:体长形,体长为体高的3.7~4.0倍,为头长的3.1~3.6倍;头长为吻长的2.7~3.3倍,为胸鳍长的1.45~1.65倍;头裸露无鳞;两颌前端各具2对大犬齿,外侧1对犬齿弯向外后方;背鳍Ⅸ-12,臀鳍Ⅲ-12,胸鳍i(不分支)+11-12(分支);侧线完整,侧线鳞27;颈部具一个"V"形大黑斑,胸鳍后部的上方、侧线的下方具一小黑斑。新鲜标本头部具2条黄色纵带,沿体侧分别经眼和胸鳍基部向后达尾鳍基部;体侧背部具1条浅棕黄色条带;胸鳍基部棕红色,后部浅色;臀鳍浅蓝色;尾鳍下部淡蓝色,上部橙色。本种与尾斑尖猪鱼(L.urostigma)形态较为相似,主要差别在于颈斑尖猪鱼的颈部具有一显著的"V"形黑斑,尾鳍基部无黑斑(尾斑尖猪鱼具此黑斑)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.