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核糖体展示及体外分子选择与进化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
核糖体展示是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的一种简便而有效的体外分子选择与进化技术。它也是第一种完全在体外进行蛋白质或多肽分子选择与进化的方法。本主要概述了体外核糖体展示技术的建立基础、基本原理和技术特点等,并跟踪了目前该领域的最新研究进展和发展前景。 相似文献
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雀形目10种鸟类线粒体的DNA变异及分子进化 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
采用14种限制性内切酶(Apa I、BamHI、Bgl Ⅱ、EcoRI、EcoRV、HindⅢ、HpaI、KpnI、PstI、PuvⅡ、SalI、ScaI、XbaI和XhoI)对雀形目3科10种鸟类(蒙古百灵、喜鹊、小嘴乌雅、白腰朱顶雀、锡嘴雀、朱雀、红腹灰雀、灰腹灰雀、红交嘴雀和黄喉Wu)进行限制性片段长度多态分析(RFLP分析)。结果表明:雀形目鸟类基因组大小存在遗传多态性,不同类群在酶切类型上表现出各自的特点,雀形目鸟类与非雀形目鸟类在线粒体DNA的进化速率有着相同的特点,化石记录的地质年代与线粒体DNA分子时钟记录的年代有着惊人的吻合,这两个互为独立事件的统一,提示线粒体DNA作为分子进化的良好工具。 相似文献
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人源化鼠抗人纤维蛋白单链抗体的体外分子进化 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以人源化鼠抗人纤维蛋白单链抗体的5株CDR3突变体为基础,利用致错PCR和DNA重排方法对其进行了突变和重排,然后克隆重组装的突变单链抗体至载体pHB-1HSCFV而构建了库容为10^5的抗体库,利用噬菌体表面呈现技术对构建的人源化抗体突变库进行了富集,并利用单链抗体-碱性磷酸酶系统进行了阳性克隆的筛选和鉴定。随后以鉴定的5株阳性克隆为基础进行了第二轮的致错PCR、DNA重排、抗体库的构建和富集,并筛选到4株亲和力较亲本鼠抗体All更好的人源化抗体,该研究为研制低免疫原性的导向溶栓制奠定基础。 相似文献
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四种犬科(Canidae)动物线粒体DNA分子进化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以9种限制性内切酶分析家犬,狼,赤狐,貉共7只动物的一粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态性(mtDNARFLP),通过双酶解法构建各种动物的限制性内切酶图谱,用UPG法,NJ法和简略法分析这些动物之间的遗传关系。结果表明,1.犬的个体差异小,而赤弧的个体间遗传分化程度非常高;2.犬和狼的亲缘关系很近,应是同一种动物;3.在属间关系中,犬属与狐属的关系较接近,貉属是一个较早分化的独立分支。 相似文献
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DNA分子系统学在爬行动物中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
爬行动物因其在脊椎动物中具有承上启下的作用,对其进行系统学研究,了解它们的进化关系显得尤为重要。本文DNA杂交、DNA指纹、RFLP、RAPD及测序等五个方面对爬行动物的DNA分子系统学研究工作进行了综述,对其中的一些问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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本文对DNA序列进化过程中核苷酸替代的随机模型进行了评价,对替代速率在时间和空间上不恒定的情形进行了考察和推广。Lanave等(1984)曾提出一个模型,宣称对替代的模式未做任何假定,但事实上我们证明它假定替代过程是可逆的。运用2-p、4-p和6-p模型进行的计算表明替代速度在位点间的差异会造成估计的替代数严重偏低,并且替代数越大,偏差也越大。替代模式在位点间的差异也会造成估计值偏低,但偏差不严重 相似文献
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[目的]红色亚栖热菌(Meiothermus ruber)海藻糖合酶(Trehalose synthase,M-TreS)将麦芽糖转化生成海藻糖只需一步反应,且具有很好的热稳定性及pH耐受性,是潜在的工业生产海藻糖的酶源.为了提高该酶的性能,有必要对其进行定向进化.[方法]M-TreS基因(M-treS)大小为2 889bp.该蛋白质分子本身具有很大的进化空间,但是却不宜进行全长基因Shuffling.分段DNA shuffling是为大分子蛋白质(基因≥2 000 bp)的进化而设计的一种方法.该方法分为三步:(1)用两对引物分别扩增目的基因的上游片段和下游片段;(2)上下游片段各自进行Shuffling; (3)利用重叠延伸PCR连接上下游突变群,建立完整基因的突变文库.[结果]结合易错PCR,通过该方法经一轮进化获得一株酶活力是野生型1.6倍、催化效率是野生型2倍的突变株.序列分析表明,该突变株共有6个位点发生了氨基酸的替代,其中一个来自易错突变,2个来自同源重组,3个为随机突变.[结论]分段DNA shuffling是进化大分子蛋白质的有效方法. 相似文献
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DNA改组技术在水蛭素实验进化中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
蛋白质的改造是生物工程的重大研究课题.由于结构和功能预测的不精确性,而使按照三维结构信息进行定位诱变往往达不到预期的目的.近年来,另一条改造蛋白质的途径有较大的发展,即在实验室条件下模拟生物分子的自然进化,通过变异和靶功能的选择来获得改进性能的蛋白质[1],此过程称为生物分子实验定向进化.DNA改组(DNAshuffling)是一种改造基因和蛋白质的有效实验进化技术[2].它是在体外进行基因随机片段的重组,从而增加基因的多样性,促使有利变异与不利变异分离,通过选择使有利变异得到优化组合[3].DNA改组包含3个步骤:基因的随机片段化,自身引发PCR和重组合PCR.经过DNA改组的突变体库有可能选择到性能更优的突变体.为进行亲和淘选,需将突变体展示在噬菌体的表面[4]. 相似文献
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Willem P. C. Stemmer 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2002,7(3):121-129
Existing methods for optimization of sequences by random mutagenesis generate libraries with a small number of mostly deleterious
mutations, resulting in libraries containing a large fraction of non-functional clones that explore only a small part of squence
space. Large numbers of clones need to be screened to find the rare mutants with improvements. Library display formats are
useful to screen very large libraries but impose screening limitations that limit the value of this approach for most commercial
applications. By contrast, in both classical breeding and in DNA shuffling, natural diversity is permutated by homologous
recombination, generating libraries of very high quality, from which improved clones can be identified with a small number
of complex screens. Given that this small number of screens can be performed under the conditions of actual use of the product,
commercially relevant improvements can be reliably obtained. 相似文献
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Alexandra J. Reid 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):331-337
Summary DNA shuffling is a technique being utilized for in vitro recombination of a single gene or pools of homologous genes. The genes are fragmented into randomly sized pieces, and polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) reassembly of full-length genes from the fragments, via self-priming, yields recombination due to PCR
template switching. After these PCR products are screened and the interesting products sequenced, improved clones are reshuffled
to recombine useful mutations in additive or synergistic ways, in effect mimicking the process of natural sexual recombination.
Proteins can be ‘bred’ with the appropriate individual properties and then their ‘progeny’ screened for the desired combination
of traits. DNA shuffling is a powerful tool enabling rapid and directed evolution of new genes, operons and whole viral genomes. 相似文献
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The tumor suppressor p53 is conformationally unstable at physiological temperature. Even the activated p53delta30 variant, which lacks the self-inhibiting carboxy terminal domain, has a half-life of only 8 min at 37 degrees C in vitro. We have developed a genetic approach to identify p53 variants that stabilize the active conformation. The human p53delta30 gene was randomly mutated, and the resulting library was expressed in Escherichia coli under conditions that apparently denatured the parental protein. Stable p53 variants were identified based on their ability to specifically bind a p53 consensus site. The initial thermostable variants were randomly recombined by DNA shuffling, and substitutions that were functionally additive or synergistic were identified in a second more stringent round of screening. The DNA binding activity of N239Y/N268D/E336V p53delta30 variant has a half-life of 100 min at 37 degrees C, 12 times longer than that of the parental protein. The thermostable variants should be more amenable to crystallographic studies and more effective in gene therapies than the wild-type protein. 相似文献
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介绍了一个简便的DNA改组操作程序.首先利用PCR扩增了两段具有高度序列同源性的1 700 bp左右的基因片段,两者相比较同源性大于93%.然后将其等量混合后,在Mg2+存在的条件下,用DNaseⅠ切割成10~50 bp的小片段.这些小片段在不外加引物的前提下,利用PCR反应进行重聚,再将重聚物经过两轮正常的PCR扩增,获得了与原来片段大小相当的基因片段.这一技术有利于从一组序列同源性程度较高的基因库构建随机嵌合基因. 相似文献
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We describe a new approach to in vitro DNA recombination termed the Separate-Mixing method in this study. The reaction process
of this method consists of two stages: at the first stage the reaction was implemented in two parallel teams, which generated
random recombination by template-switching of growing poly-nucleotides from primers in the presence of unidirectional single-stranded
DNA fragments used as templates, and then both teams were mixed together for further extension and recombination of DNA sequences
at the second stage. Due to this particular strategy, the reaction process was also accompanied by two other processes of
DNA shuffling and StEP simultaneously. Two AdoMet synthetase genes, sam2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and metK from Escherichia coli, which have only 56% homology on the DNA level, were used for recombination with the Separate-Mixing method. DNA recombination
was available after a single round of reaction. When 10 randomly selected recombinants were sequenced, an unshuffled parental
clone was not found, nor was unexpected insertion, deletion, or rearrangement detected. An evolved gene, sam’, was obtained after screening and selection, which could obviously increase the accumulation of AdoMet in S. cerevisiae.
Published in Russian in Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, 2006, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 546–553.
This article was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
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透明颤菌血红蛋白的DNA改组研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为提高透明颤菌血红蛋白在限氧条件下促进宿主细胞生长的能力,首先通过易错PCR向透明颤菌血红蛋白基因中引入突变,再结合DNA改组对其进行改造。将改组基因置于透明颤菌血红蛋白天然启动子下游,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,构建改组文库。以限氧培养条件下菌体沉淀的颜色为指标进行试管初筛,再以限氧和极端限氧条件下菌体湿重为指标进行摇瓶复筛,最终得到一个高活性突变蛋白VHb'042506。该蛋白使宿主的菌体湿重在限氧和极端限氧条件下较原基因转化子分别提高了31.25%和58.75%。经测序和比对,该基因与原基因相比发生了11处碱基点突变,致氨基酸4处错义突变。CO差光谱实验显示该蛋白具有更强的特征吸收。 相似文献