营养胁迫诱导的油菜子叶衰老过程中IAA氧化酶和细胞分裂素氧化酶活性的变化

以离体油菜子叶为材料,研究了营养胁迫诱导的子叶衰老过程中吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAA氧化酶)和细胞分裂素氧化酶活性的变化。在光照条件下,离体子叶在不含任何无机元素的0．8％的琼脂中培养9d后,出现明显的衰老迹象(叶绿素含量下降,丙二醛含量上升),15d时完全死亡。在营养胁迫诱导的衰老过程中,IAA氧化酶和细胞分裂素氧化酶的活性表现出相似的变化趋势,在诱导处理1d时,两种酶的活性均比处理前有明显下降,之后又随着衰老进程逐渐上升。IAA氧化酶活性在诱导处理11d时达到高峰,超出处理前30％以上;比对照高出1倍以上;而细胞分裂素氧化酶活性在诱导处理13d时达到高峰,比对照高出3倍以上,也超过了处理前的水平。衰老过程中IAA氢化酶和细朐分裂素氧化酶活性的上升可能是导致内源激素含量下降的重要原因。     

农垦58s育性转换与吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶的关系

本文报道了农垦58s和农垦58幼穗发育期长短日下吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性变化。结果表明:58s LD叶片中吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性从花粉母细胞形成期至花粉内容物充实期显著低于58s SD,与游离IAA的积累密切相关,可能影响花粉育性;但过氧化物酶的活性在上述时期显著高于58s SD,与游离IAA的积累无关,其作用尚不清楚。58s LD幼穗及花药中两酶活性在减数分裂期和花粉内容物充实期均较58s SD高,与同期幼穗及花药中游离IAA的亏缺有一定联系,从而可能在一定程度上影响花粉育性。对照农垦58叶片和幼穗及花药中两酶活性变化都不呈现上述现象。     

烯效唑对水稻幼苗内源IAA含量的影响

研究了烯效唑对3~H-IAA色氨酸合成3~H-IAA的效率及对IAA氧化酶活性的影响,以探讨烯效唑延缓植物生长的作用机理。结果表明,烯效唑对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗生长的控制效应与其降低内源IAA含量有关,烯效唑浸种处理降低水稻幼苗内源IAA含量有两条途径,其一是提高水稻幼苗IAA氧化酶活性,增强内源IAA的氧化;其二是阻抑内源IAA的合成。烯效唑除阻抑内源赤霉素的生物合成而延缓作物生长外,通过降低内源IAA水平也可能是其延缓作物生长的一个原因。     

离体马尾松胚萌发过程中IAA及其氧化酶和生物大分子合成的变化

离体马尾松（Pinus massoniana Lamb.)胚萌发过程中,过氧化物酶活性逐步增强,10h和40h出现两个剧增期,IAA氧化酶活性逐渐降低、10h和40h出现两个剧降期,IAA含量则一直维持上升趋势,同位素前体标记检测表明,蛋白质合成速率在5h明显提高,15h速率加快,30-40h出现一个平缓阶段,40h后剧增;RNA合成速率,在15h以前处于低水平,15h开始加快,25-30h出现一个平缓阶段,30h后速度提高;DNA合成速率在40h才明显加快。     

棉纤维细胞伸长生长与过氧化物酶和IAA氧化酶的关系

棉纤维细胞于开花当天从棉胚珠表皮上发生,随即开始伸长生长,星S型生长曲线。棉纤维细胞的可溶性蛋白、过氧化物酶活性和IAA氧化酶活性同伸长生长的关系不大;而离子型结合的细胞壁蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶活性和IAA氧化酶活性同棉纤维细胞的伸长生长关系较大,表现在棉纤维细胞快速伸长期活性较低,而在伸长生长停止时出现活性高峰,同棉纤维细胞的伸长生长有负相关现象。     

NaCl胁迫对甘薯苗期生长、IAA代谢的影响及其与耐盐性的关系

随NaCl胁迫浓度的提高 ,甘薯苗期株高和叶面积生长受抑制 ;叶片IAA水平下降 ,而IAA氧化酶和POD活性提高 .不耐盐品种生长受抑制程度及IAA水平下降幅度均大于中耐盐品种和耐盐品种 ,叶片IAA氧化酶和POD活性上升的幅度大于中耐盐及耐盐品种 .同时浓度NaCl胁迫还引起了叶片绿原酸含量的增加 ,中耐盐品种栗子香和不耐盐品种胜利百号在 170mmol·L-1的NaCl浓度胁迫下 ,绿原酸含量上升达到最高值 ,耐盐品种徐薯 18绿原酸含量达到最高值的浓度是 2 5 5mmol·L-1,而后随NaCl胁迫浓度的提高 ,绿原酸含量均有下降 ,但仍高于对照 .     

表油菜素内酯对黄瓜幼苗下胚轴过氧化物酶和IAA氧化酶活性的影响

黄瓜幼苗用0.1～1 ppm表油菜素内酯(epiBR)处理1～3d后,下胚轴中过氧化物酶活性明显低于对照;随着处理浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,与对照之间的差别愈趋增大。当浓度高于1ppm时,过氧化物酶的活性不再继续降低。表油菜素内醋对过氧化物酶活性的这种抑制作用需经约1O h的滞后期。IAA氧化酶的活性变化与过氧化物酶相似,epiBR处理时间愈长酶活性增加愈趋缓慢。 经IAA处理的下胚轴,过氧化物酶和IAA氧化酶的活性变化与对照无明显差异。这提示油菜素内酯与IAA促进生长可能是通过不同的作用方式。     

紫外-B辐射对番茄幼苗生长、POD和IAA氧化酶活性的影响

模拟兰州地区夏季臭氧层减薄12%和20%时增强的UV-B辐射2.54kJ·m-2·d-1 T1 和4.25kJ·m-2·d-1 T2 ,以自然辐射为对照,研究2种辐射对番茄幼苗生长、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量以及过氧化物酶 POD 、吲哚乙酸氧化酶 IAA氧化酶 活性的影响.结果表明:低强度、短时间的辐射 T1,10d 对番茄幼苗生长没有影响,而高强度、长时间的辐射可减少生物量累积,降低株高、壮苗指数、叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素的含量,对叶绿素a/b无显著影响;与对照相比,可溶性蛋白质含量在辐射处理10d和20d时均减低,40d时升高;T2处理使POD活性一直显著高于对照;IAA氧化酶活性在辐射10d和20d时增加,40d时显著低于对照.说明在UV-B辐射下光合下降、IAA分解抑制了番茄幼苗的生长.     

外源抗坏血酸和过氧化氢对小麦离体叶片衰老的调节（简报）

以1、5mmol·L(-1)抗坏血酸及0．1、0．5mmol·L(-1)过氧化氢于暗中处理小麦离体叶片的结果表明：前者明显提高抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性,减少脂质过氧化产物丙二醛的产生,使小麦叶片衰老延缓;后者对抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性影响不大,略微降低过氧化氢酶活性,也明显促进蛋白水解酶活性的上升,导致可溶性蛋白质含量下降加速,从而促进小麦叶片衰老。     

甘露醇对小麦细胞IAA氧化酶、过氧化物酶及GST活性的影响

研究了16 g/L甘露醇处理对小麦细胞再分化、细胞IAA氧化酶、IAA过氧化物酶、 谷胱甘肽转移酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明,甘露醇处理使小麦细胞再生能力明显降低,引起细胞蛋白质含量、IAA过氧化物酶和GST活性明显降低;但使细胞IAA氧化酶和POD活性明显增高。     

表油菜素内酯对绿豆上胚轴内源IAA及其氧化酶的影响

用0.5ppm表油菜素内酯处理绿豆幼苗,显著促进上胚轴伸长生长,若切除真叶则可抑制表油菜素内酯诱导的效应。三碘苯甲酸(TIBA)也可抑制表油菜素内酯促进的伸长生长。外源IAA能部分恢复TIBA的抑制效应。经处理的上胚轴内源IAA含量明显高于对照。暗示表油菜素内酯可能通过对内源IAA的调节来促进绿豆上胚轴的伸长生长。 表油菜素内酯处理的绿豆上胚轴组织中,与生长素降解密切相关的IAA氧化酶以及过氧化物酶活性均明显低于对照。     

Auxin-induced leaf blade expansion in Arabidopsis requires both wounding and detachment

Elevation of leaf auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) levels in intact plants has been consistently found to inhibit leaf expansion whereas excised leaf strips grow faster when treated with IAA. Here we test two hypothetical explanations for this difference in growth sensitivity to IAA by expanding leaf tissues in vivo versus in vitro. We asked if, in Arabidopsis, IAA-induced growth of excised leaf strips results from the wounding required to excise tissue and/or results from detachment from the plant and thus loss of some shoot or root derived growth controlling factors. We tested the effect of a range of exogenous IAA concentrations on the growth of intact attached, wounded attached, detached intact, detached wounded as well as excised leaf strips. After 24 h, the growth of intact attached, wounded attached, and detached intact leaves was inhibited by IAA concentrations as little as 1 µM in some experiments. Growth of detached wounded leaves and leaf strips was induced by IAA concentrations as low as 10 µM. Stress, in the form of high light, increased the growth response to IAA by leaf strips and reduced growth inhibition response by intact detached leaves. Endogenous free IAA content of intact attached leaves and excised leaf strips was found not to change over the course of 24 h. Together these results indicate growth induction of Arabidopsis leaf blade tissue by IAA requires both substantial wounding as well as detachment from the plant and suggests in vivo that IAA induces parallel pathways leading to growth inhibition.     

水分胁迫下荔枝叶片过氧化物酶和IAA氧化酶活性的变化

以适应山地栽培的抗旱性较强的东刘1号和适应河边栽培的抗旱性较弱的陈紫2年生荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.)实生苗为试验材料,研究了水分胁迫下叶片细胞胞质,与（细胞）壁以离子键结合和壁以共价键结合的过氧化的酶（POD）和IAA氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明：在叶片中POD主要是以与壁以离子键结合的POD存在,占总活性的51．15％－52．15％,其次是细胞胞质POD,占44．20％－44．74％,与壁以共价键结合的POD活性最低,仅占3．44％－3．65％。与POD不同,IAA氧化酶绝大多数存在于细胞胞质中,占总活性的88．93％－89．29％,其次是少量的与壁以离子键结合的IAA氧化酶,占7．32％－7．63％,与壁以共价键结合的IAA氧化酶活性最低,仅占3．39％－3．44％;2个品种间差异不明显。水分胁迫下,叶片细胞胞质以及与壁以离子键和壁以共价键结合的POD和IAA氧化酶（比）活性均上升,抗旱笥较强的品种上升的幅度均大于抗旱性较弱的品种。     

Implications of water stress-induced changes in the levels of endogenous ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide in Vigna seedlings

Vigna cutjang Endl. cv. Pusa Barsati seedlings, subjected to increasing degrees of water stress (−0.5, −1.0, −1,5 MPa), produced an approximately proportional increase in glycolate oxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and proline content but a decrease in catalase activity, ascorbic acid and protein content. Leaf water potential (leaf ψ) and relative water content (RWC) were also lowered with increasing stress. Pretreatment with l -cysteine and reduced glutathione (10-3 M) decreased glycolate oxidase activity, H₂O₂ content, ascorbic acid oxidase activity, proline content and also slightly improved the water status of leaves stressed (−1.0 MPa) for 2 days. Pretreatment of non-stressed seedlings with these antioxidants had little or no effect. These studies indicate that treatment with antioxidants makes the plant tolerant against water stress by modulating the endogenous levels of H₂O₂ and ascorbic acid in stressed tissue.     

Changes in peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities during cell elongation in Phaseolus hypocotyls

Cytoplasmic and salt-extracted peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities were studied in Phaseolus vulgaris hypocotyls treated with gibberellic acid (GA, 200 μM), naphthyl acetic acid (NAA, 100 μM) and distilled water control (DW). Peroxidase activity was assayed with four hydrogen donors during the initial phase of hypocotyl elongation. Though peroxidase activity showed a decreasing trend with time in all the hydrogen donors studied; considerable variation with different hydrogen donors was observed. NAA had maximum peroxidase activity as compared to DW or GA treatment. The activity showed a clear inverse correlation with hypocotyl growth. IAA oxidase activity showed a similar trend with growth as peroxidase activity. A highly significant correlation was observed between peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities and high molecular weight xyloglucan content (P<0.001). Finally, the possible role of peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities in hypocotyl elongation growth is discussed.     

IAA对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗膜伤害及抗盐力的影响

采用溶液培养法研究了ＩＡＡ（吲哚乙酸）对盐胁迫下豆幼苗膜伤害及抗盐力的影响。结果表明：一定浓度的ＩＡＡ处理可促进盐胁迫下大豆幼苗的生长,使其干物质产量增加,叶面积增大,提高叶片光合速率,增强了保护酶系统活性,降低膜脂过氧化产物ＭＤＡ含量及膜相对透性（相对导一）,增强了幼苗对盐渍环境的抵抗能力,缓解了盐害。     

Effect of salinity stress on growth,peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities in vigna seedlings

The present work was carried out with the aim of studying the effect of salinity stress on growth and IAA oxidizing system (i.e. peroxidase and IAA oxidase) in vigna (Vigna unguiculata L.) seedlings. The seedlings were treated with two concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.1 M and 0.25 M. Length, fresh and dry weight were the parameters considered for growth. Salinity effect was distinct in fresh weight and dry weight of different organs. Peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities were measured at different time intervals for both cytoplasmic and wall bound fractions. Peroxidase activity was maximum at higher stress conditions bringing about the hypocotyl growth restriction. Thus there was a clear inverse correlation between elongation and peroxidase activity. IAA oxidase activity also showed a similar trend for both cytoplasmic and wall bound fractions. The role of IAA oxidizing system in defense mechanism in response to salinity stress is discussed.     

IAA Oxidase preparations from fresh and aged Ipomoea batatas tuber discs

IAA oxidase preparations from fresh sweet potato tuber discs oxidized IAA only in the presence of added phenolic cofactors, and the pH optimum for enzyme activity depended on the cofactor used. Ageing of tuber discs, either by aeration in distilled water or by incubation on moist filter paper, resulted in increased peroxidase and phenol-stimulated IAA oxidase activities, as well as the development of IAA oxidase activity in the absence of added cofactors. High phenolase activity of fresh tuber discs decreased considerably with ageing. Phenol-stimulated IAA oxidase activity reached maximal levels before IAA oxidase activity in the absence of added cofactors. Enzyme preparations from aged tuber discs had double pH optima, similar to those previously described for sweet potato root IAA oxidase preparations. IAA in the concentration range 10^?4 to 10^?2 M inhibited the increase in peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities with ageing. DCP-stimulated IAA oxidase activities in preparations from both fresh and aged sweet potato tuber discs were inhibited by manganous ion.