若尔盖湿地高原林蛙和岷山蟾蜍的日活动节律

2005年调查若尔盖湿地的高原林蛙（Rana kukunoris）和岷山蟾蜍（Bufo minshanicus）的日活动节律,发现阳光充足时两栖类的活动性明显高于多云天气;高原林蛙成体、亚成体、岷山蟾蜍亚成体活动的最低气温为0℃、2℃、8℃;高原林蛙亚成体日活动高峰为中午12：30左右,岷山蟾蜍亚成体日活动高峰为下午15：30左右;高原林蛙亚成体在草地、林地、河边均有一定数量个体活动,岷山蟾蜍亚成体主要集中在河边活动。在若尔盖地区,两栖类可能主要是采用晒太阳（basking）的行为来适应高海拔环境;高原林蛙成体对温度的耐受性比亚成体高,亚成体比岷山蟾蜍亚成体高;高原林蛙与岷山蟾蜍的亚成体在活动时间与活动生境上存在差异,可能是减少种间竞争的途径之一。     

重金属污染条件下花背蟾蜍跳跃能力与骨骼肌ATP酶和AChE活性变化研究

以相对无污染的刘家峡地区和重金属污染较重的白银地区为研究样点,以黄河流域广泛分布的花背蟾蜍Bufo raddei为研究对象,对比调查研究了两地花背蟾蜍成体的单次跳跃能力以及后肢骨骼肌组织中与运动密切相关的总ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶、AChE活性的变化情况。结果显示,与相对无污染的刘家峡地区相比,白银地区花背蟾蜍成体的跳跃能力极显著降低,说明重金属污染对蟾蜍运动能力有一定的影响,使其减弱。白银地区蟾蜍骨骼肌中总ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶、AChE活性均呈升高趋势,分别达刘家峡地区的1.91、2.64和1.37倍,酶活性的升高可能与低浓度重金属诱导有关。导致花背蟾蜍跳跃能力下降的途径及机理还需要进一步深入研究。     

花背蟾蜍繁殖种群食物多样性及营养生态位的研究

作者于１９９５年４～５月份在长春市调查了花背蟾蜍繁殖种群不同繁殖时期的食性,并通过食物多样性和营养生态位对食性变化进行了分析。结果表明,繁殖种群繁殖后的食物多样性指数、营养生态位宽度较繁殖期为大;繁殖期和繁殖后的食物百分率相似性指数及营养生态位重叠值小,而食物百分率相异性及营养生态位分离值大。繁殖期雄体的食物多样性指数及营养生态位宽度均大于雌体,繁殖后雌体的食物多样性指数及营养生态位宽度均大于雄体,雌雄个体间的食物百分率相异性指数及营养生态位分离值小。摄食活动性受繁殖影响,并随繁殖结束而增强。     

花背蟾蜍冬眠期肥满度及部分内脏器官的变化

为探讨花背蟾蜍(BuforaddeiStrauch)冬眠期中消耗的营养物质主要来自内脏?还是躯体?本文采用整体肥满度(简称肥满度)、躯体肥满度、肝系数、脂肪体系数和生殖腺系数等形态生理指标,来了解花背蟾蜍自然冬眠时体躯和某些内脏器官的变化。方法根据当地花背蟾蜍的冬眠期一般始自10月底至翌年4月初,作者于1985年10月7日至11月1日在徐州近郊九里山飞机场附近捕回112只花背蟾蜍(代表开始入眠时的状况);1986年3月24日至4月2日又在上述地区捕回91只花背蟾蜍(代表即将出眠时的状况),对所捕个体的体长、体重和某些内脏器官重量进行了测定。为便于比较,…     

几种跳鼠自然繁殖情况的初步观察

1985年1—12月在灵武县临河地区共捕羽尾跳鼠184只、五趾跳鼠169只、三趾跳鼠136只。雌雄性比,羽尾跳鼠为1∶0.8,五趾跳鼠为1∶2.31,三趾跳鼠为1∶0.9。羽尾跳鼠雌鼠4—9月均可繁殖。五趾跳鼠雌鼠4—8月为繁殖期。三趾跳鼠雌鼠4—9月为繁殖期。几种雄性鼠中,羽尾跳鼠一出蛰就有很强的繁殖能力,6月份达到高峰。五趾跳鼠4月初出蛰就有较强的繁殖能力,5、6月达到高峰。三趾跳鼠4、5月的繁殖能力较强,6、7月达到高峰。     

花背蟾蜍消化道嗜银细胞形态和分布密度的增龄变化

目的比较幼体、亚成体和成体花背蟾蜍(Pseudepidalea raddei)消化道嗜银细胞的形态学特点和分布密度的增龄变化。方法取不同年龄组花背蟾蜍的食管、贲门、胃底、幽门、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠等部位,用Grimelius银染法结合微波技术对各段的嗜银细胞进行染色。结果消化道嗜银细胞分为闭合型和开放型细胞两种类型,从食管至直肠的形态学特征无明显的增龄变化。幼蟾食管嗜银细胞的分布密度显著高于贲门和空肠;亚成体蟾和成蟾都在食管最高,直肠最低,但无显著的部位差异。成蟾和亚成体蟾贲门、胃底和空肠嗜银细胞的分布密度都显著高于幼蟾,成蟾回肠与亚成体蟾接近,但高于幼蟾,食管、幽门和直肠未见年龄差异。结论花背蟾蜍消化道嗜银细胞的形态学特征不随年龄而改变,但分布密度在贲门、胃底、空肠和回肠等部位表现出明显的增龄变化,这可能与食物的机械消化作用和吸收营养物质的能力随年龄而逐渐加强有关。     

黄河上游环境污染对花背蟾蜍抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

选择黄河上游污染程度较严重的兰州地区和相对无污染的刘家峡地区作为研究样点,比较分析了两地花背蟾蜍（Bufo raddei）肝脏和肾脏中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和GPx活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。与刘家峡地区相比,兰州地区花背蟾蜍肝脏的SOD活性升高,CAT和GPx活性极显著降低,肾脏GPx活性显著增高,肝脏和肾脏MDA含量明显高于刘家峡。结果表明,黄河上游环境污染使得花背蟾蜍体内氧化胁迫加重,导致其组织脂质过氧化程度升高。     

花背蟾蜍繁殖与食性研究

花背蟾蜍在我国分布广泛,在农业、医学、生态学的科学研究和教学等方面具有重要的应用价值。总结了近年来关于花背蟾蜍繁殖、食性和种群动态等方面的研究现状,并对其生态学意义和经济价值进行了分析。     

珞珈山宁波滑蜥的初步观察

本文记述了宁波滑蜥的生态及对其解剖、测量结果的整理和初步分析。成体全长平均102毫米,尾长为头体长的1.4—1.78倍;上唇鳞多为7枚,腹中线一行鳞数平均65.4枚。气温23—25℃时为活动高峰,28℃以上时即有避暑现象;8℃以下全部入眠,15℃以上陆续出蛰,雄性晚于雌性入眠而早于雌性出蛰。多活动于有石头的草丛中或落叶上下,体色随环境湿度及光照强弱而有些变化。性腺发育具有较为明显的季节性,6月产卵,卵径与产卵数有关。     

四爪陆龟生态学研究概况及保护现状

1991－1992年,于新疆霍城以散放观察法为主对四爪陆龟（Testudohorsfieldi）野外生态进行了研究。结果表明：四爪陆电3－4月出蛰,日活动节律可分为转身期、日光浴期、前活动期、避暑期、后活动期和夜息期,7－8月入蛰;生境可分为阳坡、阳坡、坡顶和沟底,偏爱活动于沟底;记录其取食植物47种,喜食拉拉藤、旋花等种类;亚成体日食量4．1±1．8g,日取食时间10．3±3．4min．;成体日食量9．7±7．3g,日取食时间27．8±21min．;观察到2窝卵,产于5月中旬,窝印数3枚,孵化率16．7％,成活率为零,孵化期120天;现实际分布面积180km2,科群密度6只／kkm2,性比1∶1,年龄集中在9－15年,体重300－500g最多,背甲长主要为9－15cm;四爪陆电受人为捕杀严重,濒临绝迹。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.