暗褐网柄牛肝菌尿苷和麦角甾醇含量测定及 指纹图谱分析

采用HPLC测定暗褐网柄牛肝菌(Phlebopus portentosus)中尿苷和麦角甾醇含量并建立其指纹图谱。结果表明,最佳分析条件为Waters HSST3色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B),梯度洗脱(0～5 min,0%B; 5～15 min,0→4%B; 15～45 min,4%→100%B; 45～60 min,100%B),流速1 mL/min,检测波长260 nm,柱温30℃,进样量0. 5μL。尿苷和麦角甾醇分别在质量浓度0. 003 4～0.34 mg/mL和0. 060 5～1. 21 mg/mL时线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为98. 31%(RSD 2. 98%)和102. 72%(RSD 2.84%)。含量测定结果显示,10批样品尿苷和麦角甾醇的含量范围分别为0～2.00 mg/g和3.38～9. 10 mg/g。建立了10批暗褐网柄牛肝菌的共有峰模式,标记了6个共有峰,10批样品的指纹图谱相似度均0.95。方法学考察结果表明本实验建立的HPLC含量测定和指纹图谱分析方法准确可靠,可用于暗褐网柄牛肝菌的质量评价。     

广东光柄菇属一新种

本文报道广东地区光柄菇属 Pluteus Fr.7个种,其中1个新种及5个国内新纪录。新种是南光柄菇 Pluteus australis Bi sp.nov.。     

高效液相色谱法测定金钱菇多糖的单糖组成

采用高效液相色谱法,测定金钱菇多糖的单糖组成.用超声辅助提取金钱菇多糖,通过1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮(PMP)衍生水解后的单糖,高效液相色谱法检测衍生物.结果表明：金钱菇多糖由甘露糖(Man)、核糖(Rib)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)组成,其摩尔为1．00∶0．90∶0．91∶28．03∶1．58∶0．11.该方法快速、简便、重现性好,可用于测定金钱菇多糖的单糖组成.     

高效液相法测定阿司匹林肠溶片中阿司匹林含量

建立阿司匹林片HPLC含量测定方法。采用Kromasil（C18 150mm×4．6mm,5u）色谱柱,以乙腈-四氢呋喃-冰醋酸-水（23：5：5：61）为流动相;检测波长为280nm;流速1．0mL／min;进样量20uL,柱温：室温。阿司匹林在12．5～250ug／mL范围内有良好的线性关系。平均回收率100.22％,RSD为1．2％。本法操作简便、快速、结果准确、专属性强。     

环柄菇属两中国新记录种

报道了环柄菇属距孢环柄菇组的2个中国新记录种:红斑环柄菇(Lepiota erythrosticta)和黄栗环柄菇(Lepiota luteocastanea).根据中国的标本对其特征进行了详细的描述,并就重要显微特征进行绘图,讨论了它们与相近种的区别,总结了其分布、生境等特点.     

采自吉林省的中国光柄菇属新记录

报道采自吉林省的中国光柄菇属 Pluteus新记录3种,即球盖光柄菇P. podospileus、波扎里光柄菇P. pouzarianus和汤姆森光柄菇P. thomsonii,并根据我国的材料提供详尽的形态描述和线条图。研究标本存放在吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

广东小脆柄菇属的研究初报

本文报道了广东小脆柄菇属Psathyrella(Fr) Qulet 17个种,其中1个新种,15个国内新记录。新种是近变小脆柄菇Psathyrella subincerta Bi sp.nov.。文中有分种检索表。     

广东光柄菇属一新种*

本文报道广东地区光柄菇属 Pluteus Fr.7个种,其中1个新种及5个国内新纪录。新种是南光柄菇 Pluteus australis Bi sp.nov.。     

不同产地野生猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量分析

目的:比较不同产地猪苓菌核及子实体中猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量,为分离优质菌株提供科学依据。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法及高效液相色谱法测定不同产地猪苓中猪苓多糖及麦角甾醇的含量。结果:不同产地和来源的猪苓中猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量存在一定差异,其中子实体中两者的含量远高于菌核中的含量,盂县产猪苓子实体多糖含量最高,为60.694 6 mg·g-1,是菌核含量的28.2倍,沁源麦角甾醇含量最高,为4.187 0 mg·g-1,是菌核含量的2.1倍;菌核中猪苓多糖的含量范围2.151 7 mg·g-1~8.887 2 mg·g-1,陕西留坝最高,麦角甾醇的含量范围0.825 9 mg·g-1~2.023 2 mg·g-1,山西沁源最高。结论:产地、部位不同,有效成分含量不同,实验结果可为猪苓药材质量控制及优种选育研究奠定基础。     

托光柄菇属一中国新记录种

[背景] 托光柄菇属（Volvopluteus）隶属于光柄菇科（Pluteaceae）,目前世界上仅有4个种。[目的] 调查我国东北地区大型真菌资源。[方法] 采集大型真菌标本,对其形态进行详细的观察和描述,提取DNA,测定rDNA ITS序列,基于最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建系统发育树。[结果] 2019–2020年在吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州敦化市采集的标本中,有6份标本为密执安托光柄菇V.michiganensis,该种真菌此前未在我国发现。在系统发育分析中,采自我国的密执安托光柄菇V.michiganensis与该种的模式标本聚为一个分支。[结论] 密执安托光柄菇V.michiganensis为中国新记录种。     

香菇柄、平菇柄多糖的提取与测定

以香菇柄、平菇柄作为原料,用蒸馏水、0.5%的草酸铵溶液两种提取剂分别提取香菇柄、平菇柄粗多糖,并用硫酸-苯酚定糖法测定多糖的含量.结果表明,香菇柄、平菇柄多糖含量蒸馏水提取分别是0.103%、0.133%;用草酸铵溶液提取分别是0.164%、0.263%,证明香菇柄、平菇柄有一定的开发前景.     

Polyisoprenoid alcohols from the mushroom Lentinus edodes

Lipids extracted from the shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes contain dolichols composed of 15 up to 19 isoprene units with Dol-17 as the dominating prenologue. Identification of dolichols was achieved by the application of 2D-TLC, HPLC and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Additionally a family of polyprenols (-unsaturated counterparts) with the same chain-length was also detected. Dolichols comprised approximately 0.002% of the fresh weight of the mushroom. Dolichols accompanied by traces of polyprenols are for the first time found in the mushroom tissue.     

花菇的冷冻干燥技术研究

实验研究用板层导热法研究了花菇的冻干特性,获得了新鲜花菇的冻干曲线,分析了花菇冻干过程,测定和比较了新鲜花菇和冻干花菇的营养成份。证实试验机的适应性并确定了花菇的冻干工艺,为工业生产提供了理论依据和参考价值。     

PEG介导下香菇的转化

表达载体p301-bG1含有香菇（Lentinus edodes (Berk.)Sing)三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶启动子驱动下的gus基因和除草剂抗性基因。利用PEG法实现了p301－bG1对香菇原生质体的转化。香菇原生质体与经PEG纯化的质粒DNA混合,用PEG处理后培养于含40ug/mL除草剂的CYM再生平板上,得到了抗除草剂和有GUS活性的转化菌株。虽然这种方法转化效率较低,但不需要昂贵的仪器和限制性内切酶,为蘑菇的分子育种研究提供了一种简便经济的转化方法。     

香菇蛋白的分级纯化和结构分析

香菇粉经10℃pH 10的水提取制备香菇蛋白,得率13.1%,其蛋白含量47.5%,多糖含量24.2%.香菇蛋白经DEAE Sepharose CL-6B柱层析分级得5个级分,收集级分F1、F2、F3、F4,它们都是由蛋白和多糖构成的复合物.Sepharose CL-6B凝胶色谱显示,F2和F4的分子量分布较为均匀,且以蛋白为主,多糖含量很低;F3主要由两个分子量不同的蛋白级分构成,含有一定的多糖;F1中多糖含量较高,蛋白含量较少,且多糖分子量分布均匀.香菇蛋白的分子量主要集中在20 kDa～40 kDa之间.F1、F3、F4都属于酸性蛋白质,含有除色氨酸之外的7种必需氨基酸,除蛋氨酸含量较低外,其余必需氮基酸含量接近,且赖氨酸含量较高.红外光谱分析表明,香菇蛋白的二级结构主要为α-螺旋和无规卷曲.     

Production and isolation of chitosan by submerged and solid-state fermentation from Lentinus edodes

A method for the laboratory-scale production and isolation of chitosan (polyglucosamine) by liquid and solidstate fermentation from Lentinus edodes was developed. The yields of isolated chitosan were 120 mg/L of fermentation medium under liquid fermentation conditions and 6.18 g/kg of fermentation medium under solid-state fermentation conditions. The latter method, which gives up to 50 times yields than other chitosan production methods from fungi, provides a new flexible and easily scaledup procedure for the production of low acetylation degree chitosan. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

PEG-mediated Transformation of Lentinus edodes

Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a gus gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, PEG-mediated transformation of protoplast of L. edodes was studied. Mixed with PEG-purified plasmid DNA, the protoplasts of L. edodes were treated with PEG solution and cultured on CYM regeneration plate containing 40 μg/mL bialaphos. Bialaphos-resistant and GUS-positive transformants were obtained using this transformation system. Although the transformation efficiency was relatively low, the protocols release large expenses on expensive instrument and restriction enzymes, providing a simple and economical method for mushroom breeding at the molecular level.     

Decreased zinc ion accumulation by the basidiomycete Lentinus edodes over-expressing L. edodes PriA gene

The information that the deduced expression product of Lentinus edodes priA gene consists of N-terminal hydrophobic sequence, putative zinc-binding motifs and C-terminal membrane-binding-promoting unique sequence led us to analyze its function in L. edodes. Here L. edodes monokaryotic cells over-expressing priA gene were found to exhibit a remarkably decreased accumulation of zinc ion, indicating the involvement of the priA gene in regulation of the intracellular zinc concentration.     

Purification and characterization of type I DNA topoisomerase from Lentinus edodes

Abstract Type I DNA topoisomerase was purified from the lower eukaryote Lentinus edodes . Like the topoisomerase I from other eukaryotic cells, the L. edodes enzyme removed both positive and negative superhelical turns. The M _r of the enzyme was determined to be 71,500 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). On gel filtration by Sephacryl S-200, the enzyme appeared to be an aggregate with a native M _r of about 235 000 daltons. No energy cofactor was required and ATP did not affect the enzyme. Activity was enhanced about 10-fold by Mg²⁺ (10 mM) and about 8-fold by KCl (100 mM).     

Characterization of Ribonucleases from Culture Medium of Lentinus edodes

Lentinus edodes (shiitake) cultivated in potato dextrose medium produced five RNases in the culture filtrate. The two major RNases (RNase Le37 and RNase Le45) were highly purified and their molecular masses, base specificities, N-terminal amino acid sequences, and amino acid compositions were analyzed and compared to RNase Le2 isolated from the fruit bodies of the same mushroom. RNase Le37 and RNase Le45 are base non-specific and adenylic acid preferential RNases like RNase Le2 and their N-terminal sequences are very similar to RNase Le2, but they are glycoproteins and their amino acid compositions are significantly different from that of RNase Le2. In addition to these enzymes, a guanylic acid-specific RNase with a molecular mass 13 kDa was partially purified. Since RNase Le2, which has very similar N-terminal sequence to RNase Le 37 and RNase Le 45, was not excreted from the mycelia, the analysis of the structures of these two excreted RNase may shade a light on the mechanism of excretion of RNases in this organism.