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糖基转移酶的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
王克夷 《生物化学与生物物理进展》1994,21(1):9-13
糖基转移酶参与了聚糖、糖苷和复合糖类中糖部分的生物合成,具有高度的底物专一性.已知序列的糖基转移酶没有明显的同源性,但有相似的域结构.有些糖基转移酶的基因可因几个碱基的替换而改变酶的专一性;也因单个碱基的缺失而成为无酶活性的产物.糖基转移酶和某些疾病密切相关. 相似文献
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人参皂苷Rb3是三七茎叶皂苷的主要成分。为了充分利用廉价的三七茎叶皂苷,该研究以微生物Aspergillus sp. P90r菌为对象,综合运用生物转化的方法,经过提取、分离纯化和酶活力测定等步骤,最终以确定酶反应途径的方式得到了所产的特异性人参皂苷Rb3糖基水解酶的相关性质和动力学等反应特性。结果表明:该酶比Absidia sp. GRB3-X8r菌产酶活力高15%~25%,SDS-PAGE电泳结果测得分子量约为65.6ku,纯化后酶蛋白的含量为0.237 mg·mL~(-1),蛋白比活力可达到169 U·mg~(-1),纯化倍数为13.70,回收率为9.39%。人参皂苷Rb3糖基水解酶在pH=5.0的偏酸性环境下酶活力很高,最适反应条件:pH=3.0~5.0,温度45℃,其中在pH=4.0~6.0范围内相对稳定。该酶在20 min时进入混合级反应,酶反应米氏常数Km值为8.77 mmol·L~(-1),V_(max)为57.44 mmol·L~(-1)·h~(-1),在60 min时反应速度达到最大,Vmax趋于稳定,为66.63mmol·L~(-1)·h~(-1)。通过对酶的催化特性研究表明,该酶先水解Rb3的20-O-木糖基,其次水解3-O-葡萄糖基,最终催化反应产物中有F2和C-K生成。综上结果,微生物Aspergillus sp. P90r菌酶具有能水解人参皂苷Rb3木糖基和葡萄糖基的特异性。 相似文献
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右旋糖酐蔗糖酶是一种以蔗糖为唯一底物,将蔗糖分子中D-葡萄糖基催化转移到受体分子上的葡萄糖基转移酶。利用右旋糖酐蔗糖酶的转糖基作用,以蔗糖为葡萄糖糖基供体,槲皮素为糖基受体,对槲皮素糖苷的酶法合成进行了探索。通过对该酶催化反应体系、催化反应条件及产物分析的研究,结果表明:在25℃下,右旋糖酐蔗糖酶能够在30%DMSO-70%乙酸-乙酸钙(0.02 mol/L,pH值5.4)的反应体系中催化合成一种槲皮素葡萄糖苷,在这个反应体系下,以10%的蔗糖作为糖基供体,槲皮素为糖基受体,右旋糖酐蔗糖酶活力为40 U/mL,转速为150 r/min,槲皮素糖苷的转化率最高,可达39.5%。通过质谱分析确定是一种槲皮素单糖苷,分子量为464。该研究结果为黄酮类物质的糖基化修饰奠定了基础。 相似文献
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甾醇(sterol)是植物细胞膜结构和天然植物激素的重要组成成分。甾醇糖基转移酶(sterol glycosyltransferases,SGTs)作为糖基转移酶一号家族(GT family 1)较为保守的一支,是一类参与甾醇下游修饰的酶,具有调控植物初期生长发育、信号转导、次生代谢产物合成以及响应生物、非生物胁迫等生物学功能。本文主要综述了SGTs在植物生长调控、生物合成、早期发育研究的进展,最后讨论了甾醇糖基转移酶在工业生产药用活性分子方面的前景和主要限制,旨在为更深入开展甾醇糖基转移酶的研究和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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β-糖苷酶(ttβGLY)是Thermus thermophilus产生的一种耐高温酶,以乳糖为底物的酶反应研究表明:该酶具有较高的乳糖水解活性,其最适温度为70℃,最适pH为7.0,乳糖水解的Km=1.566mmol/L,Vmax=0.406mmol/min,在70℃有较好的热稳定性。该酶同时具有较强的转糖基活性,在以40%乳糖为底物,加酶量42.5U/mL、反应温度70℃、反应时间16h的条件下,低聚半乳糖的合成率达到35.3%。水解产物葡萄糖对乳糖水解反应和转糖基反应具有抑制作用,是影响GOS合成的重要因素。 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献