杏树吐伦球坚蚧空间分布型及抽样技术研究

应用聚集度指标和回归分析,对杏园吐伦球坚蚧Rhodococcus turanicus Arch.空间分布型进行研究,结果表明:在中度受害杏园,吐伦球坚蚧越冬若虫和初孵若虫呈聚集分布,聚集度随虫口密度增大而减小;聚集原因与吐伦球坚蚧本身的生活习性有关;确定了不同种群密度下、不同允许误差下的最适抽样数.通过对不同方位虫口密度进行数据分析,结果表明,吐伦球坚蚧若虫在杏树各方位的聚集是随机的,各方位对整体抽样均无代表性.     

30%强力杀蚧防治梅园朝鲜球坚蚧试验

30%强力杀蚧(Omethoate)微乳剂防治梅园朝鲜球坚蚧DidesmococcuskoreanusBorchs试验结果表明:800,1200倍液药后1～7d的防效均保持在94.5%以上,击倒力强,杀蚧效果快;药效期长,药后14d,防效仍达99%以上;其600,800和1200倍液之间防效差异不明显。600,800和1200倍液的防治效果与25%蚧死净乳油在药后3,5,7,14d的防效有显著差异,25%蚧死净乳油的持效时间均较短,药后3d防效就陆续下降,分别从89.92%降到88.56,81.41%和61.82%。而与40%杀扑磷(速扑杀)乳油相比其防治效果之间无显著差异。30%强力杀蚧微乳剂具有作用速度快,持效期长、对青梅安全性高,防治成本底的特点。     

杏毛球坚蚧生物学特性及其防治技术

对杏毛球坚蚧DidesmococcuskoreanusBorchsenius的生活史、生物学特性及防治技术进行了研究。该虫在昆明及滇中地区每年发生 1代 ,雌成虫 3月下旬开始产卵 ,4月中旬卵开始孵化。有效防治措施 ,可用氧化乐果包扎枝干或用铁灭克或呋喃丹埋于根际周围进行防治     

杀虫药剂田间药效试验方法

杀虫药剂田间药效试验是客观评价杀虫药剂药效的重要依据。本文对杀虫药剂田间药效试验的设计、试验小区划分、杀虫药剂配制和施用、取样、结果调查和分析方法进行了规范性综述,为进行标准的田间药效试验提供依据和参考。     

EXCEL在农药田间药效试验统计分析中的应用

根据方差分析原理,利用EXCEL编制了农药田间药效试验统计分析程序。用户只需输入试验的原始数据,即可快速、准确地计算出药剂的防治效果,方差分析结果及药剂间的多重比较。     

四种药剂防治稻飞虱的药效试验

<正> 稻飞虱(褐飞虱、白背飞虱、灰飞虱)是我县水稻上的头号害虫,1987、1988年连续二年在早稻上特大发生,一般百丛禾有虫4500～7000只,局部丘块虫口密度高达15000只/百丛。为     

栗链蚧生物学特性及其防治试验

栗链蚧Asterolecanium castaneae Russell是危害锥粟的主要蚧虫之一。栗链蚧在福建一年发生2代,以受精的雌虫在栗树枝条上越冬。防治试验表明,选用50%快灭磷1：1000进行喷雾．原液进行涂干或注射效果最好．40%氧化乐果次之。农药混合试验表明．50％快灭磷 40%氧化乐果 80％敌敌畏原液混合进行涂干效果最好。     

吡虫啉防治家白蚁的室内药效试验

在实验室用吡虫啉制剂－康福多和大功臣0．05％、0．1％和0．2％三种浓度,对家白蚁进行毒土触杀、穿土和选择性试验。结果表明：康福多和大功臣触杀速度较毒死蜱慢,白蚁不能穿透康福多和大功臣三种浓度配制的毒土层,预防作用明显,康福多和大功臣对家白蚁无驱避作用。     

草皮逍遥蛛等天敌对吐伦球坚蚧捕食作用的初步研究

采用HollingⅡ型和Ⅲ型模拟测定了草皮逍遥蛛等3种天敌对吐伦球坚蚧初龄若虫的捕食功能。结果表明：草皮逍遥蛛具有相当的食蚧能力,食量仅稍低于多异瓢虫,但远低于以食蚧为主的孪斑唇瓢虫。     

Field trial of the efficacy of 3 pyrethroids in the control of malaria vectors]

Three pyrethroids, OMS-3002, OMS-3004 and OMS-3021 were tested in the experimental station of Soumousso (Burkina Faso), a WHO reference centre. Total indoor house-spraying was carried out in Bobo and Mossi huts, using a Hudson type sprayer at doses of 1 g/m2 for OMS-3002, 0.1 g/m2 for OMS-3004 and OMS-3021. The density of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus collected in huts treated with OMS-3002 was reduced by 70%: a 94% exit rate was observed in the treated huts (compared to 33% in the control) as well as a significant drop in the feeding rates and an overall mortality of 48%. With OMS-3004 and OMS-3021, the number of females entering the huts dropped by 73% and 55%, respectively; the feeding rates were also significantly reduced. Exit rates increased (81% and 91%, respectively) as well as the overall mortality (83% for OMS-3004 and 89% for OMS-3021). These promising results offer favourable prospects for the use of these insecticides in an integrated malaria vector control policy.     

美国杏李园瓢虫群落组成及生态位

对美国杏李园中瓢虫的种群动态和生态位进行研究,结果表明,异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、多异瓢虫为优势种群,黑缘红瓢虫、红点唇瓢虫、七星瓢虫、马铃薯瓢虫、深点食螨瓢虫、二星瓢虫种群密度长时间处于稳定状态。马铃薯瓢虫占据生态位最宽,对美国杏李树危害时间较长。红点唇瓢虫和七星瓢虫的生态位重叠较高,出现频率高。在瓢虫类天敌中,生态位宽度越宽的种类往往数量较低,且持续时间较长,对害虫种群的控制程度较低,生态位宽度较低的种类出现时间较短,短时间内种群数量较高,可以控制害虫种群数量。     

Field and tree distribution of Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus, 1767) (Col., Buprestidae) adults in an apricot orchard in Italy

A study was conducted into the spatio–temporal distribution of adult Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus, 1767) in an apricot orchard in Sicily (Italy) using inverse distance squared weighting (IDW), a spatial interpolation technique to create a distribution map of adults in the orchard. The study was conducted throughout the period of presence of the adult in the field and it investigated distribution on individual plants with regard to the observed height on the crown and exposure to the sun’s rays. The variation is gradual in the distribution of the buprestid in the field and the areas with the greatest exposition to the sun (south‐east) were marked by the highest densities. The presence of the pest was also found to be higher in those parts of the crown most exposed to the sun; moreover, the position in relation to the ground varied constantly and was increasingly linked to time and temperature. The data obtained confirmed the distinct thermal demands of the species and provided useful information on both sampling and control.     

Hybridization and genetic control of esterase in apricot

Inheritance of esterase was studied in nine segregating progenies. It was established that fast migrating components are controlled by two loci, Est-1 (monomeric alpha-esterase) and Est-2 (dimeric beta-esterase). Their polymorphism is determined by three active alleles, a, a', b for Est-1 and a, b, c for Est-2, respectively. Allelic frequencies and heterozygosity of loci in ecological-geographical groups and Central Asian subgroups were estimated. Genetic control of esterase in stone fruits was proposed for the first time.     

Field trial of biocides for control of Legionella in cooling towers

Legionella and amebae populations in 16 cooling towers were challenged with three commercially available biocide formulations. The active agents were: a chlorinated phenolic thioether (CPTE), bromo-nitro-propane-diol (BNPD), and bromo-chloro-dimethylhydantoin (BCD, in briquette form). The towers were dosed with these biocides for approximately 4 weeks. BCD was effective against Legionella in each of nine challenge experiments, and CPTE in eight of nine challenges. BNPD was effective in only five of 11 challenges. None of the biocides had any significant effect in reducing planktonic amebae concentrations during the challenges.     

释放天敌瓢虫和施用化学农药吡虫啉对麦田蚜虫的控制效果评价

以常规防治农药甲胺磷做对照,比较高效低毒化学农药吡虫啉和天敌昆虫瓢虫对田间麦蚜的防治效果。结果表明,施用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂300ghm2药后5d和10d的防效分别为15.1%和31.1%,对麦蚜防效理想。释放天敌昆虫瓢虫后5d和10d的防效分别为-347.6%和-171.7%,防效差,这是由于释放天敌后的强降雨所致。     

Field efficacy of deltamethrin for rodent flea control in San Bernardino County, California, USA.

A study was conducted to determine the initial and residual activity of deltamethrin (0.05% dust) applied to rodent burrows (at approximately 14 g/burrow) against fleas in the Silverwood Lake area of San Bernardino County. In initial toxicity (2-d post-treatment), deltamethrin provided 97% flea control and in residual toxicity it resulted in 68% control of the rodent fleas at 15-d post-treatment. The flea fauna consisted of Oropsylla montana (89.9%) and Hoplopsylls anomalus (10.1%). All rodents captured in this study were California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi. In mark-release-recapture trials, using the microchip identification implant method at the treatment site, the recapture rate of rodents was 29% from 2- to 58-d post-treatment, declining to 21% after 98 d. In the tail-clip method at the treatment site, the recapture rate of 40% at 15-d post-treatment rose to 87% and 73% at 56- and 58-d post-treatment, respectively. At the control site, the recapture rate of 100% at 15-d post-post-treatment dropped to 20% after 98 d. In another trial at Camp Cedar Crest in the Running Springs area, deltamethrin applied to rodent burrows resulted in 70% control of fleas infesting S. beecheyi. Based on the two trials, deltamethrin showed a good initial control of rodent fleas in enzootic or epizootic plague control.     

无活菌苏云金杆菌制剂对稻纵卷叶螟和小菜蛾的田间药效评价试验

本文报道不含有活菌的苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂在田间应用的药效试验。结果表明:经过辐射处理杀灭活孢子后的苏云金杆菌对稻纵卷叶螟和小菜蛾有良好的防治效果,与未经过处理的Bt可湿性粉剂的效果相比不存在明显的差异。由于该种制剂不含有活菌,对生态环境无不良影响,在田间应用将更加安全。