腐霉属的五个新种

自1961年开始,从我国(除台湾省以外)的土壤和罹病植物组织中分离出大量腐霉菌种,通过研究,已鉴定者约40个种。本文报告其中5个在生物分类学上的新种,即：顶生腐霉(Pythium acrogynum sp. Nov.)、孤雌腐霉(P．Amasculinum sp. Nov.)、壁合腐霉(P．Connatumsp．nov．)、昆明腐霉(P. kunmingense sp. Nov.)和中国腐霉(P. sinense sp.nov.)。     

新近从宁夏分离的腐霉

到现在为止全世界已发现loo余种腐霉。我国已报道54种。在我国31个省、市自治区中,仅宁夏和西藏2个自治区未见报道过腐霉。最近我们从宁夏回族自治区土壤和植物病根用多种方法进行分离,得到259株,鉴定出10个种。它们是:瓜果腐霉Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzpatrick、链状腐霉P. catenulatum Matthews、畸雌腐霉P. irregulare Buisman、寡雄腐霉P. oligandrum Drechsler、侧雄腐霉P.paroecandrum Drechsler,缠器腐霉P. periplocum Drechsler、无序腐霉P. perplexum Kouyeas & Theohari、角柄腐霉P. salpingophocum DrechsIer、终极腐霉P. ultimum Trow和钟器腐霉P. vexans de Bary。它们全是宁夏地区新记录种。其中无序腐霉还是我国新记录种。本文仅描述了无序腐霉,对其余9个种进行了讨论.有些种类除从土壤中分离到以外,还见于一些寄主植物:大葱Allium fistulosum L.、韭葱A. juncea L.、芹菜Apium-graveolens L.、油菜Brassica campestris L.、雪里蒸B. juncea (L.) Czern et Coss var.crispifolia Bailey白菜B. pekinensis Rupr.、辣椒Capsicum frutescens L.、胡萝卜Daucuscarota L. var.saliva DC.、草每Fragaria ananassa Duchesne、番茄esculentum Mill.、菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris L.和萝卜Raphanus sativus L.。以“腐霉名称:寄主名称”的格式列出如后:瓜果腐霉:胡萝卜;链状腐霉:胡萝卜;寡雄腐霉:白菜和辣椒;侧雄腐霉:大葱、芹菜和白菜;缠器腐霉:韭葱;终极腐霉:大葱、韭葱、油菜、雪里蕻、白菜、辣椒、胡萝卜、草墓、番茄、菜豆和萝卜。在我国,这些腐霉从前述寄主上分离出均属首次报道。     

我国东南沿海地区的AM真菌IV．四个我国新记录种

本文报道了采自我国山东、福建、广西和海南四省土壤中的四种AM真菌新记录种：1．两型球囊霉Glomus dimorphicum Boyetehko ＆ Tewari;2．多产球囊霉Glomus fecundisporum Schenck ＆ Smith;3亮色盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora fulgida Koske & Walker;4．网纹盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora reticulata (Koske,Miller ＆ Walker)Walker ＆ Sanders。文中详细描述了其形态特征和生境状况。     

我国东南沿海的VA菌根真菌II．球囊霉属四个种

从我国东南沿海广东、广西、福建、浙江、山东等省的栽培及野生植物根际分离出VA真菌球囊霉属的四个种：聚丛球囊霉Glomus aggregatum Schenck ＆ Smith emend．Koske,微丛球囊霉G．Microaggregatum Koske,Gemma ＆ Olexia,小果球囊霉G．Micrcarpum Tul．＆ Tul.,台湾球囊霉G．Formosanum Wu ＆ Chen。其中微丛球囊霉为我国新记录种,台湾球囊霉为我国大陆新记录种。本文除种的形态描述外,还列表介绍了其生态分布及土壤环境条件。     

中国单轴霉分类的研究*II.寄生在伞形科上的新种和已知种

本文报道在我国伞形科植物上寄生的4种单轴霉(Plasmopara)。其中寄生于鸭儿芹(Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk)上的鸭儿芹单轴霉(Plasmopara cyptotaeniae sp nov．)和寄生于水芹[Oenanthe iavanica(BI．)DC．]及卵叶水芹(O．Rosthornii Diels)上的水芹单轴霉(Pl-asmopara oenanlheae sp．nov．)是2个新种。寄生于变豆菜(Sanicttla chinensis Bunge)上的变豆菜单轴霉(Plasmopara saniculae Traian et O．Savulescu)是亚洲的新记录种。     

云南热带蕨类植物根际土壤中的六种VA菌根真菌

从云南热带地区野生或从野外移栽于温室中的蕨类植物根际土壤中分离得到六种VA菌根真菌：双网无梗囊霉Acaulospora bireticulata Rothwell et Trappe,细凹无梗囊霉Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe,瘤状无梗囊霉Acaulospora tuberculata Janos ＆ Trappe,多梗球囊霉 Glomus multicaule Gerdemann ＆ Bakshi,棒孢硬囊霉 Sclerocystis clayisporaTrappe．帚状硬囊霉Sclerocystis coremioides Berk．＆ Broome,其中,瘤状无梗囊霉,多梗球囊霉和帚状硬囊霉为我国的3个新记录种。本文对这六种vA菌根真菌的主要形态学特征进行了描述,并对蕨类植物的VA菌根进行了讨论。     

中国单轴霉分类的研究III．寄生在菊科植物上的新种、新组合和新记录种

本文报道在我国菊科植物上寄生的5种单轴霉。其中采自云南的辣子草(Galinsoga parviflora Car．)上的云南单轴霉(Plasmopara yunnanensis sp. Nov.)为一新种。 稀莶单轴霉 (Plasmoparu siegesbeckiac comb．Nov．)和蜡菊单轴霉(Plasmopara helichrysi comb.nov.)为二 个新组合。对新种作了汉文及拉丁文描述,并附有形态图,还讨论了新种、新组合与近似种之间的区别。     

野生植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌Ⅱ*

本文主要报道了野生植物根围Glomus属的17个种,聚球囊霉G.aggregatumSchenck＆Smith,苏格兰球囊霉G.caledonium（Nicol.＆Gerd.）Trappe＆Gerd,近明球囊霉G．claroideumSchenck＆Smith,明球囊霉G．clarumNicolson＆Schenck,缩球囊霉G．constrictumTrappe,透光球囊霉G．diaphanumMorton,幼套球囊霉G．etunicatumBecker＆Gerdemann,集球囊霉G．Fasciculatum（Thaxter）Gerd．＆Trappe,何氏球囊霉G．hoiBerch＆Trappe,地球囊霉G.geosporum（Nicol．＆Derd.）Warker,根内球囊霉G．intraradicesSchenck＆Smith,摩西球囊霉G．Mosseae（Nicol．＆Gerd.）Gerd.＆Trappe,隐球囊霉G.occultumWalker,网状球囊霉G.reticulatumBhattcharjee＆Mukerji,地表球囊霉G.versiforme（Karsten）Berch,台湾球囊霉G…     

中国南部地区松树上的散斑壳菌I．

近年作者对我国南部地区松树上的散斑壳属(Lophodermium Chev．)真菌进行了调查和研究。本文报道8个种,其中椭圆散斑壳(L. ellipticum Y.R．Lin)是新种,喜马拉雅散斑壳(L. himalayense P．F．Cannon ＆ Minter)和库曼散斑壳(L. kumaunicum Minter ＆ M．P．Sharma) 为我国新记录种,南方散斑壳(L. australe Dearn.)等5种为国内已记载种。对新种作了拉丁文、汉文描述和图解,对新记录种进行了简要记述。另外,记载了已知种的寄主新记录和地理新分布。     

我国东南沿海地区的VA菌根真菌I．四种硬囊霉

报道了从我国东南沿海地区山东、浙江、福建、广东、广西、海南等省分离的四种VA菌根真菌：枫香硬囊霉Sclerocystis liquidambaris Wu ＆ Chen,台湾硬囊霉 Sclerocystistaiwanensis Wu ＆ Chen,悬钩子状硬囊霉 Sclerocystis rubiformis Gerdemann ＆ Trappe,弯丝硬囊霉 Sclerocystis sinuosa Gerdemann & Bakshi。其中枫香硬囊霉,台湾硬囊霉和悬钩子状硬囊霉在我国大陆初次发现。本文详细记叙了以上四个种的形态特征及生境状况。     

On a property of the exponential distribution

If t is an independent exponentially distributed random variable, the distribution p = [t - x] is a modified geometric distribution, similar to the result of HAWKINS and KOTZ (1976), x is uniform.     

Reconstructing the Pleistocene geography of the Aphelocoma jays (Corvidae)

Understanding historical distributions of species and evolving lineages has been a topic of considerable interest, yet methods used to date have not provided detailed, quantitative distributional hypotheses. Here, we present a technique based on models of species’ ecological niches and Pleistocene climate reconstructions that provides such hypotheses, providing the example of reconstructions for the Aphelocoma jays. We demonstrate in general a greater degree than expected of stability in jay species’ distributional areas back through at least the most recent glaciation event, and that existing patterns of genetic differentiation may date to before the Late Pleistocene glaciations. More generally, the method offers the potential for reconstructing historical distributions of species or lineages, and providing a detailed geographic framework for addressing many biogeographic and systematic questions.     

Compound Intervened Poisson Distribution

The nature and characteristics of Intervened Poisson Distribution (IPD) has been well discussed by Shanmugam (1985). In this paper, Compound Intervened Poisson Distribution (CIPD) is introduced and its properties are studied.     

Modelling potential biotope composition on a regional scale revealed that climate variables are stronger drivers than soil variables

Aim

Environmental conditions define the suitability of an area for biotopes, and any area can be suitable for several biotopes. However, most previous studies modelled the distribution of single biotopes ignoring the potential co-occurrence of biotopes in one area, which limits the usefulness of such models for conservation and restoration planning. In this study, we described the potential biotope composition of an area in response to environmental conditions.

Location

Bavaria, Federal State of Germany.

Methods

Based on the Bavarian biotope mapping data, we modelled the distribution of 29 terrestrial biotopes based on six climate variables and six chemical and four physical soil properties using the species distribution modelling algorithm Maxent.

Results

For most biotopes, we found that climate variables were more important than soil variables for the biotope distribution and that the area of the predicted biotope distribution was larger than the observed distribution. The potential biotope composition illustrated that while 8% of the area in Bavaria was not sufficiently suitable for any analysed biotope, 92% of the modelled area in Bavaria was suitable for at least one biotope, 84% for two and 77% for at least three biotopes. The difference in suitability between the most suitable biotopes in composition was minor. Further, over one-quarter of the modelled area was suitable for 6–8 different biotopes.

Main Conclusions

Our study showed that considering a composition of potentially suitable biotopes in a raster cell, instead of only the most suitable biotope, provides valuable information to identify conservation priorities and restoration opportunities.     

Evaluation of the spatial distribution of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in South Korea combining climate and host plant distribution

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a global forest pest, has a potential to damage forests in South Korea, requiring an effective tool for evaluating its potential distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of A. glabripennis in South Korea by simultaneously considering climate and host plants. Climatic suitability was firstly evaluated using a CLIMEX model; then, it was combined with the areal distribution of host plants using a simple mathematical formulation. We finally projected the spatial distribution of A. glabripennis onto the map of administrative districts to identify hazardous areas to watch. As a result, the developed model predicted that over 40% of areas in South Korea could be exposed to A. glabripennis damage, and most of them were located in mountainous areas with abundant host plants. In addition, climatic suitability was higher in coastal areas, which was different than a previous record of A. glabripennis occurrence, while the prediction by a comprehensive model was consistent with the record. In conclusion, the model including both climate and host plant occurrence was more reliable than the model which only included climate, and could provide useful data for determining areas for monitoring and control.     

On the Discrete POISSON-Inverse GAUSSian Distribution

The discrete POISSON-inverse GAUssian distribution is obtained by compounding the POISSON distribution with the inverse-GAUssian distribution. The maximum likelihood of the parameter is discussed. Comparison with the POISSON, negative binomial, POISSON-LINDLEY and the generalized WARING distribution when fitting a distribution to accident statistics data is given.