大肠杆菌CFT073中Curli系统重要基因csgF的克隆、表达、纯化和结构分析

【目的】对大肠杆菌CFT073中Culri系统的重要蛋白CsgF进行高效表达,探索其纯化条件和三维结构,为研究Curli生物合成机制提供理论基础。【方法】以大肠杆菌CFT073基因组为模板扩增csgF基因,构建pET28a-csg F(nsp)-N-6His、pET28a-csg F(20-129)-N-6His、pET28a-csg F-C-6His和p ET28a-csg F(nsp)-C-6His等重组质粒,转化到大肠杆菌DH5α并在BL21(DE3)中诱导表达;通过十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定CsgF蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达情况,用Ni-NTA His Bind Resin和凝胶排阻层析色谱纯化重组蛋白CsgF,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法鉴定分析;用Pull down实验研究CsgF与CsgG蛋白的相互作用,同源模建方法分析重组蛋白CsgF的三级结构。【结果】克隆了目的基因csg F,并筛选出稳定CsgF蛋白的条件:50 mmol/L Sodium acetate(pH 5.0)、150 mmol/L NaCl、5%Glyercol;CsgF与CsgG存在相互作用,CsgF三维结构模型显示为(β/α)。【结论】获得了高纯度稳定的CsgF重组蛋白及其三维结构,为进一步研究CsgF结构与功能奠定了基础。     

肠外致病性大肠杆菌致病机制及公共卫生学意义

致病性大肠杆菌包括肠致病性大肠杆菌(intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, IPEC)和肠外致病性大肠杆菌(extraintestinalpathogenicE.coli,ExPEC),可引起人和动物多种感染性疾病。ExPEC主要在肠道外其他组织脏器定殖并导致感染,包括尿道致病性大肠杆菌(uropathogenicE.coli, UPEC)、新生儿脑膜炎大肠杆菌(newborn meningitis E. coli, NMEC)和禽致病性大肠杆菌(avian pathogenic E. coli, APEC)。人源ExPEC (UPEC和NMEC)主要引起人尿道感染、肾盂肾炎和新生儿脑膜炎,而APEC可导致禽类的大肠杆菌病,造成家禽业的巨大经济损失。另外,乳腺致病性大肠杆菌(mammary pathogenic E. coli, MPEC)和猪源ExPEC可导致奶牛乳房炎、猪的肺炎及急性败血症等病症。研究发现,ExPEC类菌株在基因组结构上很相似,与IPEC本质区别在于致病机制不同,ExPEC具有很多相同的毒力基因和耐药基因,而且动物源ExPEC...     

致病性大肠杆菌全基因组测序及毒力基因分析

为了研究导致致病性大肠杆菌致病力差异的主要因素,本试验以分离自仔猪腹泻样的五株致病性大肠杆菌(P211、P555、P32、P444和P111)和两株参考大肠杆菌(S10670、E24190)为实验材料,通过小鼠感染试验鉴别菌株的致病力,并对菌株进行全基因组测序,分析菌株基因组.结果显示,强毒株S10670和E24190...     

基于信息离散性度量方法的大肠杆菌全基因组比较研究

应用方伟武教授提出的一种新的信息离散性度量方法---FDOD(functionofdegreeofdisagreement)方法对致病性大肠杆菌O157∶H7和非致病性大肠杆菌K12的全基因组序列进行了比较,分析了二者的相似序列部分,及差异较大的序列部分,证实了大肠杆菌O157∶H7核酸序列注释中可能致病的特有序列与正常序列的不同。     

应用DNA芯片技术对禽致病性大肠杆菌可能致病基因体外表达水平的研究

应用DNA芯片研究禽致病性大肠杆菌可能致病基因的表达.构建禽致病性大肠杆菌毒力基因、潜在毒力基因的DNA芯片,应用基因芯片技术对同属O2血清型的禽高致病性大肠杆菌E058株和低致病性大肠杆菌E526株在体外LB培养基和鸡血清培养状态下进行差异表达分析.结果:在体外LB静置培养状态下,低致病株E526与高致病株E058相比共有16个差异基因,均为下调基因.在鸡血清静置培养中,E526与E058相比共有15个差异基因,均为下调基因.应用基因芯片成功筛选了禽致病性大肠杆菌在体外不同条件下的毒力基因及可能毒力基因中差异表达基因,表明一些铁摄取系统相关基因对APEC的毒力较重要,同时也筛选出了一些新的可能致病基因aes-1,aes-2,aes-3,aes-4,aes-6,aes-8,aes-10,aes-13,aes-15,aes-31等.     

致病性大肠埃希菌基因细胞水平致病机制的新进展

致病性大肠埃希菌是引起婴幼儿腹泻的重要病原菌。它的感染是由对宿主细胞的粘附,激活宿主细胞内信号通路,引起细胞病变等多阶段过程构成。近年来对致病性大肠埃希菌致病性的研究在基因水平和细胞水平上取得了显著的进展。本文就致病性大肠埃希菌的致病性基因／产物及感染过程中宿主细胞内的信号传导作一综述。     

wzzE不影响禽致病性大肠杆菌雏鸭分离株LPS的表型北大核心CSCD

【目的】wzz参与很多革兰氏阴性菌O抗原的合成,并对细菌的致病性具有调控作用。在禽致病性大肠杆菌（Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC）中,存在Wzz蛋白超家族基因wzz E,目前尚未开展该基因对APEC脂多糖（LPS）的合成及致病作用研究,因此本研究开展了wzz E对APEC LPS合成以及生物学特性影响的研究。【方法】通过构建APEC DE17株的wzz E缺失株,开展对野生型和缺失株的LD50、黏附与入侵DF-1细胞、脂多糖表型及内毒素毒价等相关生物学特性的影响研究。【结果】结果表明,缺失wzz E的APEC,不影响细菌的生长特性。野生型、缺失株及回复株的LPS表型无明显差异。DE17Δwzz E与DE17的黏附与入侵结果无显著差异。血清型鉴定结果表明,缺失wzz E,不影响细菌的血清型。内毒素毒力检测结果DE17、DE17Δwzz E及CΔwzz E内毒素的毒价一致,为4×10~5 EU/mg。对7日龄樱桃谷鸭进行攻毒,测定各菌株的LD50,结果表明,与野生型相比,DE17Δwzz E缺失株毒力下降了10倍。【结论】wzz E缺失对LPS的表型无显著影响,但wzz E参与APEC的致病过程,然而wzz E对APEC毒力的调控机制仍有待进一步研究。     

猪链球菌2型的致病机制

猪链球菌2型是重要的人兽共患传染病病原。通常认为该菌的毒力因子与荚膜多糖(CPS)、溶菌酶释放蛋白(MRP)、细胞外因子(EF)和溶血素(SLY)等有关。该文介绍2型猪链球菌的感染途径、侵袭和黏附机制,以及对机体产生细胞因子的影响等。     

药用美洲大蠊全基因组测序分析

以美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana为原料生产的康复新液等药品临床疗效显著,得到了广泛应用。本文以四川好医生攀西药业有限责任公司饲养的药用美洲大蠊为材料,首次采用Illumina Hi Seq 2000和Pac Bio SMRT测序平台开展了全基因组测序,并进行基因组组装、注释和分析。原始测序数据经过滤后得到1.4 Tb的二代测序数据和33.81 Gb的三代测序数据。组装结果表明,美洲大蠊基因组大小为3.26 Gb,这在已报道的昆虫基因组中仅次于东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria。基因组重复序列含量为62.38%,杂合度为0.635%,表明其为复杂基因组。组装的Contig N50和scaffold N50长度分别为28.2 kb、315 kb,单拷贝基因完整性为88.1%,小片段文库测序数据平均比对率为99.8%,测序和组装质量满足后续分析要求。采用De novo预测、同源预测和基于转录本预测3种方法共注释到14 568个基因,其中92.4%的基因获得了功能注释。本研究首次完成了美洲大蠊的全基因组测序,也是大蠊属Periplaneta昆虫的第一个基因组,为美洲大蠊遗传进化分析和药用基因资源挖掘打下了重要基础。     

Proteomic analysis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common of bacterial infections in humans. Although a number of Gram-negative bacteria can cause UTIs, most cases are due to infection by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Genomic studies have shown that UPEC encode a number of specialized activities that allow the bacteria to initiate and maintain infections in the environment of the urinary tract. Proteomic analyses have complemented the genomic data and have documented differential patterns of protein synthesis for bacteria growing ex vivo in human urine or recovered directly from the urinary tracts of infected mice. These studies provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of UPEC pathogenesis and have aided the identification of putative vaccine targets. Despite the substantial progress that has been achieved, many future challenges remain in the application of proteomics to provide a comprehensive view of bacterial pathogenesis in both acute and chronic UTIs.     

BarA-UvrY two-component system regulates virulence of uropathogenic E. coli CFT073

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), a member of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, cause ～80% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) in humans. UPEC initiates its colonization in epithelial cells lining the urinary tract with a complicated life cycle, replicating and persisting in intracellular and extracellular niches. Consequently, UPEC causes cystitis and more severe form of pyelonephritis. To further understand the virulence characteristics of UPEC, we investigated the roles of BarA-UvrY two-component system (TCS) in regulating UPEC virulence. Our results showed that mutation of BarA-UvrY TCS significantly decreased the virulence of UPEC CFT073, as assessed by mouse urinary tract infection, chicken embryo killing assay, and cytotoxicity assay on human kidney and uroepithelial cell lines. Furthermore, mutation of either barA or uvrY gene reduced the production of hemolysin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokine (IL-8). The virulence phenotype was restored similar to that of wild-type by complementation of either barA or uvrY gene in trans. In addition, we discussed a possible link between the BarA-UvrY TCS and CsrA in positively and negatively controlling virulence in UPEC. Overall, this study provides the evidences for BarA-UvrY TCS regulates the virulence of UPEC CFT073 and may point to mechanisms by which virulence regulations are observed in different ways may control the long-term survival of UPEC in the urinary tract.     

Escherichia coli from retail meats carry genes associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli, but are weakly invasive in human bladder cell culture

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the uropathogenic potential of Escherichia coli isolated from retail meats. Methods and Results: Two hundred E. coli isolates recovered from retail meats, which were previously identified molecularly as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, were investigated for the presence of 21 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) virulence‐associated genes. Twenty‐three E. coli isolates were selected based on their serogroups and the number of virulence genes they contained, and further characterized using multilocus sequence typing, and by tissue culture assays for adherence to and invasion of T‐24 human bladder cells and for their induction of interleukin (IL)‐6 secretion. All virulence genes tested, except afa/dra and hlyD, were detected among the E. coli isolates. Multilocus sequence typing analysis of 23 selected isolates revealed that 17 isolates belonged to STs associated with human UPEC. Nearly all 23 isolates exhibited lower level of adherence and invasion compared to a clinical strain, UPEC CFT073. Conclusions: These observations suggested that a small proportion of E. coli isolates from retail meats carry uropathogenic associated virulence genes and thus may serve as a reservoir of these genes to UPEC in the human intestine. Their virulence potential seemed limited as they were only weakly invasive in human bladder cell culture. Significance and Impact of the Study: These findings support the hypothesis that retail meat E. coli may play a role in relation to urinary tract infection (UTI) and may be considered in development of a UTI prevention strategy.     

致肾盂肾炎大肠杆菌的毒力因子和调控

致肾盂肾炎大肠杆菌引起人的尿路感染,它的毒力因子包括表面毒力因子和分泌毒力因子两大类。表面毒力因子包括菌毛、鞭毛、黏附素和多糖类物质,主要在细菌的侵染过程中起作用。分泌毒力因子主要是溶血素、细胞毒性坏死因子等毒素蛋白,主要对宿主细胞产生毒力作用。本文简要综述致肾盂肾炎大肠杆菌毒力因子分泌所需要的5种分泌机制,并论及毒力因子的宏观调控和影响毒力调控的因素。     

Adaptive strategies of uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073: from growth in lab media to virulence during host cell adhesion

International Microbiology - Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major concern in public health. The prevalent uropathogenic bacterium in healthcare settings is Escherichia coli. The increasing...     

Vaginal Lactobacillus isolates inhibit uropathogenic Escherichia coli

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of Lactobacillus jensenii KS119.1 and KS121.1, and Lactobacillus gasserii KS120.1 and KS124.3 strains isolated from the vaginal microflora of healthy women, against uropathogenic, diffusely adhering Afa/Dr Escherichia coli (Afa/Dr DAEC) strains IH11128 and 7372 involved in recurrent cystitis. We observed that some of the Lactobacillus isolates inhibited the growth and decreased the viability of E. coli IH11128 and 7372. In addition, we observed that adhering Lactobacillus strains inhibited adhesion of E. coli IH11128 onto HeLa cells, and inhibited internalization of E. coli IH11128 within HeLa cells.     

DsdX is the second D-serine transporter in uropathogenic Escherichia coli clinical isolate CFT073

d-Serine is an amino acid present in mammalian urine that is inhibitory to Escherichia coli strains lacking a functional dsdA gene. Counterintuitively, a dsdA strain of E. coli clinical isolate CFT073 hypercolonizes the bladder and kidneys of mice relative to wild type during a coinfection in the murine model of urinary tract infection. We are interested in the mechanisms for uptake of d-serine in CFT073. d-Serine enters E. coli K-12 via CycA, the d-alanine transporter and d-cycloserine sensitivity locus. CFT073 cycA can grow on minimal medium with d-serine as a sole carbon source. The dsdX gene of the dsdCXA locus is a likely candidate for an additional d-serine transporter based on its predicted amino acid sequence similarity to gluconate transporters. In minimal medium, CFT073 dsdX can grow on d-serine as a sole carbon source; however, CFT073 dsdX cycA cannot. Additionally, CFT073 dsdXA cycA is not sensitive to inhibitory concentrations of d-serine during growth on glycerol and d-serine minimal medium. d-[(14)C]serine uptake experiments with CFT073 dsdX cycA harboring dsdX or cycA recombinant plasmids confirm that d-serine is able to enter E. coli cells via CycA or DsdX. In whole-cell d-[(14)C]serine uptake experiments, DsdX has an apparent K(m) of 58.75 microM and a V(max) of 75.96 nmol/min/mg, and CycA has an apparent K(m) of 82.40 microM and a V(max) of 58.90 nmol/min/mg. Only d-threonine marginally inhibits DsdX-mediated d-serine transport, whereas d-alanine, glycine, and d-cycloserine inhibit CycA-mediated d-serine transport. DsdX or CycA is sufficient to transport physiological quantities of d-serine, but DsdX is a d-serine-specific permease.     

A specific genetic background is required for acquisition and expression of virulence factors in Escherichia coli

In bacteria, the evolution of pathogenicity seems to be the result of the constant arrival of virulence factors (VFs) into the bacterial genome. However, the integration, retention, and/or expression of these factors may be the result of the interaction between the new arriving genes and the bacterial genomic background. To test this hypothesis, a phylogenetic analysis was done on a collection of 98 Escherichia coli/Shigella strains representing the pathogenic and commensal diversity of the species. The distribution of 17 VFs associated to the different E. coli pathovars was superimposed on the phylogenetic tree. Three major types of VFs can be recognized: (1) VFs that arrive and are expressed in different genetic backgrounds (such as VFs associated with the pathovars of mild chronic diarrhea: enteroaggregative, enteropathogenic, and diffusely-adhering E. coli), (2) VFs that arrive in different genetic backgrounds but are preferentially found, associated with a specific pathology, in only one particular background (such as VFs associated with extraintestinal diseases), and (3) VFs that require a particular genetic background for the arrival and expression of their virulence potential (such as VFs associated with pathovars typical of severe acute diarrhea: enterohemorragic, enterotoxigenic, and enteroinvasive E. coli strains). The possibility of a single arrival of VFs by chance, followed by a vertical transmission, was ruled out by comparing the evolutionary histories of some of these VFs to the strain phylogeny. These evidences suggest that important changes in the genome of E. coli have occurred during the diversification of the species, allowing the virulence factors associated with severe acute diarrhea to arrive in the population. Thus, the E. coli genome seems to be formed by an "ancestral" and a "derived" background, each one responsible for the acquisition and expression of different virulence factors.