南美斑潜蝇寄主选择性与植物营养物质及叶绿素含量的关系

采用非自由选择法,在室内研究了南美斑潜蝇寄主选择性及其与植物叶片营养物质和叶绿素含量的关系.结果表明,南美斑潜蝇成虫对不同供试植物的选择性存在显著差异,选择性最强的为菜豆、茼蒿和西葫芦,最差的为番茄和甘蓝.相关分析表明,南美斑潜蝇成虫寄主选择性与叶片可溶性糖含量存在显著的正相关关系(R＝0.5014,P=0.0174,F＝6.717),而与叶片可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量相关关系不显著.     

染色体重组对转基因大麦中gfp基因表达的作用

利用5种转绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)大麦不同株系及野生型大麦为材料,对不同转基因株系间以及转基因株系与野生型植株间进行杂交,分别对不同世代植株的根尖、花粉中gfp基因的表达量进行测定.结果表明,不同转基因株系间的根尖、花粉的gfp基因在表达量上存在差异,同一转基因材料的gfp基因表达存在组织差异;gfp基因在杂交后代中作为一个显性基因以孟德尔方式稳定遗传,不同染色体上的gfp基因重组有利于提高持基因表达.     

培养时间对黑木耳酯酶同工酶谱的影响

为准确地将酯酶同工酶技术应用于食用菌菌株鉴别和遗传育种研究以及进行快速的菌种区分、鉴定,本试验对10个黑木耳菌株不同培养时期的胞内酯酶(EST)同工酶谱进行了研究,并对菌株间亲和性试验结果进行分析。结果表明:同一培养时期的各菌株间同工酶谱存在明显差异,不同培养时期同一菌株同工酶谱也存在一定的差异。培养20d诱导的同工酶谱可有效区分、鉴定各菌株。聚类分析结果表明:培养20d的酶谱聚类分析结果与亲和性试验结果相一致。     

四种蝗虫前肠形态的比较研究(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

采用体视显微摄影技术对斑腿蝗科Ｃａｔａｎｔｏｐｉｄａｅ３属４种（亚科）蝗虫前肠形态进行了分析,并对分布于不同地区的同一亚种进行了观察。结果表明,斑腿蝗亚科几种前肠特征同一性很高,同种不同亚种之间略有差异,相同亚种不同地区之间不存在明显差异。     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白表位分析及其单克隆抗体可变区cDNA测序

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)囊膜表面结构糖蛋白E2(gp55)是诱导机体产生中和抗体及激发保护性免疫应答的主要抗原蛋白.E2和Erns与细胞表面受体的相互作用介导病毒对细胞的感染过程.本文采用抗CSFV(AlfortTubingen毒株)E2结构蛋白的单克隆抗体c2410和a18,淘选噬菌体展示的12肽随机肽库,对CSFV E2蛋白表位进行分析.研究发现单克隆抗体c2410和a18识别同一线性表位,定位于E2蛋白的832-837位氨基酸(SPTTLR),但二者在ELISA和免疫印迹分析中对不同表(拟)位的反应性存在差异.自杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,对单克隆抗体轻链和重链可变区cDNA进行序列分析.结果表明c2410和a18虽然来源于同一批次融合的杂交瘤细胞系,识别同一表位,但仍属于不同的单克隆抗体.     

Frankia菌全细胞可溶性蛋白图谱分析及分类

本文采用单向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS—PAGE)对十八株Frankia菌的全细胞可溶性蛋白进行了图谱分析。Frankia菌蛋白图谱不受菌龄的影响。不同接种组的菌株具有不同的蛋白图谱,同一组内的菌株也有所差异。     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白表位分析及其单克隆抗体可变区cDNA测序

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)囊膜表面结构糖蛋白E2(gp55)是诱导机体产生中和抗体及激发保护性免疫应答的主要抗原蛋白。E2和E^ms与细胞表面受体的相互作用介导病毒对细胞的感染过程。本文采用抗CSFV(Alfort Tiibingen毒株)E2结构蛋白的单克隆抗体c2410和a18,淘选噬菌体展示的12肽随机肽库,对CSFV E2蛋白表位进行分析。研究发现：单克隆抗体c2410和a18识别同一线性表位,定位于E2蛋白的832-837位氨基酸(SPTTLR),但二者在ELISA和免疫印迹分析中对不同表(拟)位的反应性存在差异。自杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,对单克隆抗体轻链和重链可变区cDNA进行序列分析。结果表明：c2410和a18虽然来源于同一批次融合的杂交瘤细胞系,识别同一表位,但仍属于不同的单克隆抗体。     

基于结构的单绕蛋白聚类图构建与分析

蛋白质分子进化规律研究是分子进化研究的重点,对揭示生命起源与进化机制有重要意义。本文对已知空间结构及物种信息的单绕蛋白,利用结构比对信息,构建了不同层次单绕样本系统聚类图。分析发现:功能相似蛋白存在明显聚集现象,同一超家族样本基本聚在一个大支中,同一家族样本集中在所属超家族下的小支中,功能约束下单绕样本聚类图与物种进化图有较好对应关系。结果表明:单绕蛋白的结构演化反映了蛋白质功能的约束,特定功能单绕样本的结构差异具有种属特异性,结构演化包含了物种进化信息。     

南瓜单粒花粉可溶蛋白等电聚焦研究

利用显微操作方法对南瓜单个花粉可溶蛋白成功地进行了等电聚焦,获得了清晰的电泳谱带。分析其谱带表明,同一植株同一朵花上的花粉之间存在着蛋白谱带的差异,统计结果显示其按１：１的孟德尔规律分离。单花粉蛋白等电聚焦结合显微镜操作技术对于遗传育种和发衣生物学研究具有重要的应用前景。     

兔出血症病毒四个分离株的病毒多肽和血清学关系研究

使用PEG-DS两相系统和超离心提纯的兔出血症病毒(RHDV)四个分离株病毒,再经Sepharose 4B柱层析进一步提纯后,得到较纯的病毒粒子,回收率可达70％以上。应用常规双向免疫扩散试验,交叉血凝抑制试验和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对四个不同地区分离株间的血清学关系进行了比较研究。结果表明实验中的四个分离株病毒均属同一血清型。SDS-PAGE结果表明,这四个分离株病毒均含有四条多肽,分子量为28—64KD。各株病毒多肽的分子量和各多肽在病毒粒子总蛋白中所占比例略有差异。因此四个分离株的RHDV在蛋白结构上可能存在地区差异。     

Protein Electrophoresis of Single Pollen Grains of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Electrophoresis and staining of proteins from the single pollen grains of Hibiscus rosasinensis have been developed by using general ultrathin polyacrylamide gel combined with highly-sensitive silver staining technique. The result revealed that the pollen abortion could occur in different stages of pollen development. The protein patterns varied greatly in different stages of pollen development, even in the different pollen grains in the same anther at the same development stage. Some bands exhibited a disjunction by classical Mendelian ratio 1: 1, suggesting that the gene loci were heterogeneous and the proteins were related to the expression of the genes at the early stage of pollen development.     

Protein deamidases from germinating seeds

Enzymes catalyzing the deamidation of seed storage proteins were found in germinating seeds of kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Moldavian) and squash ( Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Mozoleevskaya). They were partially purified and characterized. The properties of these enzymes closely resemble those of the protein deamidase in germinating wheat grains. The detection of similar protein deamidases in germinating seeds of plants belonging to phytogenetically unrelated species indicates that protein deamidases are of considerable physiological significance.     

利用单花粉蛋白电泳技术对玉米花粉发育过程特异蛋白表达的研究

八十年代,Ｍｕｌｃａｈｙ（１９８１）与Ｃ．Ｇａ６（１９８６）成功地对单个花粉粒同工酶和蛋白质进行了等电聚集电析。而国内在这方面的工作至今尚未见报道。试验利用单花粉蛋白电泳技术结合显微镜观察对不同发育时期的单个玉米花粉进行了蛋白电泳研究,结果表明玉米花粉不同发育时期所表达的蛋白质具有明显的差异：一方面随发育时期的推移某些蛋白质含量呈递减或递增趋势;另一方面不同发育时期都有特异性蛋白合成或分解。可见,     

Pollen gene expression analysed by micro-isoelectric focusing of proteins from isolated pollen grains in Cucurbita pepo L.

Summary Isoelectric focusing of proteins from single pollen grains of Cucurbita pepo L. has been developed for large scale study of pollen grain populations' heterogeneity. Forty to forty-five protein bands from one pollen grain are revealed after silver staining. Applications of this technique to pollen grain populations from different genotypes are described in this paper. Possible applications and limits of this technique are discussed with respect to plant breeding especially for the measure of gene frequencies in pollen grain populations.The work was partly supported by a grant from LIMAGRAIN and AGPM     

Brood pheromone regulates foraging activity of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Brood pheromone modulated the foraging behavior of commercial honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies pollinating a 10-ha market garden of cucumber, Cucurbita pepo L., and zucchini, Cucumis saticus L., in Texas in late autumn. Six colonies were randomly selected to receive 2000 larval equivalents of brood pheromone and six received a blank control. The ratio of pollen to nonpollen foragers entering colonies was significantly greater in pheromone-treated colonies 1 h after treatment. Pheromone-treated foragers returned with pollen load weights that were significantly heavier than controls. Pollen returned by pheromone-treated foragers was 43% more likely to originate from the target crop. Number of pollen grains washed from the bodies of nonpollen foragers from pheromone-treated colonies was significantly greater than controls and the pollen was 54% more likely to originate from the target crop. Increasing the foraging stimulus environment with brood pheromone increased colony-level foraging and individual forager efforts. Brood pheromone is a promising technology for increasing the pollination activity and efficiency of commercial honey bee colonies.     

葫芦科8属11种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜,对葫芦科8属10种1变种植物的花粉形态进行观察研究。结果显示:冬瓜属、葫芦属和栝楼属的花粉粒为近球形,具3孔沟;苦瓜属、西瓜属和丝瓜属的花粉粒为长球形,具3沟;黄瓜属的花粉粒为近球形,具3孔;南瓜属的花粉粒为球形,具散孔。花粉粒大小、形状和外壁雕纹属、种间差异显著。     

Transmission Studies with Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus may spread in bottlegourd under field conditions through soil contaminated with infected plant debris followed by contact. No seed transmission was noticed in bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria) or vegetable marrow (Cucurbita pepo) although pollen grains and cotyledons from infected bottlegourd flowers or seeds, respectively, contained negliginle amounts of virus. Cucumber leaf beerles (Raphidopalpa fevicollis) are probable vectors since their regurgitated fluid and excretes contained infective virus particles. No vector fungi were found in the soil around infected bottlegourd plants.     

Occurrence of mono- or disaccharides and polysaccharide reserves in mature pollen grains

 Pollen from 13 species of gymnosperms and angiosperms was studied for soluble and insoluble carbohydrates at dispersal. Starch reserves stored during pollen development give rise to carbohydrates at maturity. Combinations of different types of carbohydrates in mature pollen may depend on the extent of starch hydrolysis. An inverse relationship was found between the extent of starch hydrolysis and sucrose content. If the starch was scarcely de-polymerized, the cytoplasm had very low levels of soluble sugars and none of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material as found in pollen not subject to high dehydration (Cucurbita pepo L., Zea mays L.). After total or partial starch hydrolysis, insoluble PAS-positive oligo/polysaccharides were found in the cytoplasm associated with much soluble sugar, and the pollen grains were dehydrated at dispersal as in Typha latifolia L., Chamaerops humilis L., Trachycarpus excelsa Wendl., and other specimens. Intermediate levels of starch and soluble sugars, together with cytoplasmic PAS-positive material, characterized species with dehydrated pollen such as Pinus halepensis Miller. Carbohydrates may be related to pollen longevity, which largely depends on the abundance of sucrose, which is known to protect membrane integrity. The relationship between PAS-positive material and pollen viability is unclear at present. Received: 30 July 1996 / Revision accepted: 18 December 1996     

Airborne Pollen Grains of Burdur, Turkey

Ｐｏｌｌｅｎｇｒａｉｎｓｃａｕｓｅｓｏｍｅｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓａｌｌｅｒｇｉｃａｓｔｈｍａａｎｄｈａｙｆｅｖｅｒ .Ｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｐ ｐｅａｒｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎｆｌｏｗｅｒｉｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄｓｏｆ     

Airborne Pollen Grains of Burdur, Turkey

The pollen grains in the atmosphere of Burdur have been studied for a two-year period (1996 through 1997) with a Durham sampler. A total of 11881 pollen grains belonging to 39 taxa have been identified and recorded with some unidentified ones. Of them, 5726 were identified in 1996 and 6155 in 1997. Of the total pollen grains, 76.51% were arboreal, 21.62% non-arboreal and 1.87% unidentified. The majority of the investigated pollen grains were from Pinus L., Cupressaceae, Gramineae, Quercus L., Platanus L., Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Salix L., Cedrus L., Compositae, Juglans L. and Urticaceae respectively. The highest level of pollen concentration was in May.