Production of infectious duck hepatitis B virus in a human hepatoma cell line.

The differentiated human hepatoma cell line Hep-G2 was transfected with cloned duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) DNA. Introduction of closed circular DNA into the human liver cells resulted in the production of viral proteins: core antigen was detected in the cytoplasm, and e antigen, a related product, was secreted into the medium. Moreover, viral particles were released into the tissue culture medium which were indistinguishable from authentic DHBV by density, antigenicity, DNA polymerase activity, and morphology. Intravenous injection of tissue culture-derived DHBV particles into Pekin ducks established DHBV infection. In conclusion, transfection of human hepatoma cells with cloned DHBV DNA results in the production of infectious virus, as occurs with cloned human hepatitis B virus DNA. Human liver cells are therefore competent to support production of the avian and mammalian hepadnaviruses, indicating that liver-specific viral gene expression is controlled by evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. This new DHBV transfection system offers the opportunity to rapidly produce mutated DHBV which then can be further investigated in Pekin ducks.     

Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a novel human neurotrophic factor

A cDNA encoding a novel human neurotrophic factor (designated nerve growth factor-2; NGF-2) was cloned from a human glioma cDNA library using a synthetic DNA corresponding to human nerve growth factor (NGF). The cloned cDNA encodes a polypeptide composed of 257 amino acid residues including a prepro-sequence of 138 residues and a mature region of 119 residues. The amino acid sequence of human NGF-2 exhibits 58% similarity with that of human NGF. Conditioned medium of COS-7 cells transfected with an expression plasmid for human NGF-2 cDNA supported the survival of sensory neurons isolated from dorsal root ganglia of embryonic chicks. A 1.5 kb of NGF-2 mRNA can be detected from an early development stage in rat brain, by Northern blotting analysis.     

Molecular cloning and expression of the gene for a major leucine-rich protein from human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2)

Summary The human hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2, exhibits an array of stable properties in culture that have made it a popular cell culture model for studies on regulation of liver-specific gene expression and properties of hepatoma cells. In contrast to other hepatoma cell lines, HepG2 cells overexpress a characteristic detergent-extractable, wheat germ lectin-binding protein with apparent molecular mass of 130 kDa. Using an antibody to screen a phage expression library of HepG2 complementary DNA (cDNA), we identified and cloned a 4734 base pair cDNA which codes for a 130-kDa leucine-rich protein (lrp130) when expressed in transfected cells. The deduced sequence of lrp130 exhibits sequences weakly homologous to the consensus sequence for the ATP binding site in ATP-dependent kinases and the protein kinase C phosphorylation site of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Consistent with the higher levels of expression of lrp130 antigen, Northern hybridization analysis indicated that HepG2 cells express high levels of the major 4.8 kilobase lrp130 mRNA relative to other hepatoma cells. Although currently of unknown function, lrp130 may be of utility as a marker for liver cell lineages represented by the HepG2 cell line.     

人同源盒基因NKX3.1对前列腺癌细胞的诱导凋亡作用

构建人同源盒基因NKX3.1 cDNA真核表达载体,研究其在前列腺癌细胞PC-3、LNCaP 中的表达及对细胞的促凋亡作用.以人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP细胞中的总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增NKX3.1基因全长编码片段,将NKX3.1 cDNA重组到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（+）中; 将pcDNA3.1-NKX3.1表达载体瞬时转染前列腺癌细胞PC-3和LNCaP 细胞,用RT-PCR和Western印迹检测NKX3.1 cDNA在转录水平和蛋白水平的表达;绘制细胞生长曲线,观察NKX3.1对前列腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用;用DNA/ladder和流式细胞术检测NKX3.1对前列腺癌细胞凋亡的影响,进一步用RT PCR检测凋亡相关基因caspase3、caspase8、caspase9、Apaf1、survivin和Bcl2表达的变化.人同源盒基因NKX3.1 cDNA真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-NKX3.1经酶切及测序鉴定正确. pcDNA3.1-NKX3.1转染PC-3和LNCaP细胞后,经RT-PCR和Western印迹证明能有效表达NKX3.1.生长曲线显示,前列腺癌细胞转染NKX3.1 cDNA后细胞增殖受到抑制;前列腺癌细胞转染NKX3.1 cDNA 48 h后,DNA电泳呈现具有凋亡特征的DNA ladder;流式细胞术检测出现明显凋亡峰;RT-PCR检测凋亡相关基因.结果显示,caspase3、caspase8、caspase9基因表达明显增加,Bcl2基因表达明显减少.本研究成功构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1 NKX3.1, 转染PC3和LNCaP细胞后能有效表达,并对细胞具有诱导凋亡作用     

人促红细胞生成素基因组基因和cDNA的克隆及其在COS－7细胞中的表达

利用ＰＣＲ技术,从正常人胎肝染色体ＤＮＡ中克隆到长度为１５７２ｂｐ的人促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）基因组基因片段,它包含除第一个外显子和第一个内含子外所有外显子及内含子。再人工合成１３ｂｐ外显子１的编码区,并与１５７２ｂｐ片段拼接,从而得到除第一个内含子的人促红细胞生成素基因组基因。将克隆得到的ＥＰＯ基因插入载体ｐＳＶ２－ｄｈｆｒ得到ｐＳＶ２－ＥＰＯ表达载体,转染ＣＯＳ－７细胞后获得高效表达。利用自行研制的小鼠抗人ＥＰＯ单抗及兔抗人ＥＰＯ多抗,对表达产物进行ＥＬＩＳＡ定量测定,细胞分泌ＥＰＯ量高达２５１±７Ｕ／ｍｌ．Ｋｒｙｓｔａｌ法测得体外生物活性２４１．５±６．５Ｕ／ｍｌ．用ＥＰＯ单抗免疫沉淀结合ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ对转染细胞的表达产物做了进一步鉴定,清晰地看到了ＥＰＯ条带。从高效表达ＥＰＯ的转染细胞中分离纯化ｍＲＮＡ,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增并克隆到ＥＰＯ的ｃＤＮＡ,这为ＥＰＯ在其它系统中的表达及ＥＰＯ的功能与结构的研究打下了基础。     

Expression cloning of a receptor for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Two cDNA clones encoding a receptor for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF-R) were isolated by expression screening of a library made from human placental mRNA. Pools of recombinant plasmid DNA were electroporated into COS cells which were then screened for their capacity to bind radioiodinated hGM-CSF using a sensitive microscopic autoradiographic approach. The cloned GM-CSF-R precursor is a 400 amino acid polypeptide (Mr 45,000) with a single transmembrane domain, a glycosylated extracellular domain and a short (54 amino acids) intracytoplasmic tail. It does not contain a tyrosine kinase domain nor show homology with members of the immunoglobulin super gene family, but does show some significant sequence homologies with receptors for several other haemopoietic growth factors, including those for interleukin-6, erythropoietin and interleukin-2 (beta-chain) and also to the prolactin receptor. When transfected into COS cells the cloned cDNA directed the expression of a GM-CSF-R showing a single class of affinity (KD = 2(-8) nM) and specificity for human GM-CSF but not interleukin-3. Messenger RNA coding for this receptor was detected in a variety of haemopoietic cells known to display hGM-CSF binding, and cross-linking experiments revealed a similar size for the glycosylated receptors in transfected COS and haemopoietic cells.     

Functional expression of a cloned herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene.

A vector which expresses the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (strain 17) DNA polymerase gene was constructed by ligating two separately cloned HSV DNA restriction fragments into an intermediate plasmid and then mobilizing the intact polymerase gene-encoding sequence into a pSV2 derivative. The expression vector (pD7) contains a functional simian virus 40 replication origin and early enhancer-promoter upstream from the HSV DNA polymerase-encoding sequence. COS-1 cells transfected with pD7 contained an RNA species, shown by Northern blot analysis to hybridize specifically with an HSV DNA pol probe and to be the same size (4.3 kilobases) as the pol mRNA found in HSV-1-infected COS-1 cells. A genetic complementation test was used to establish that pD7 expresses a functional pol gene product. COS-1 cells transfected with pD7 were able to partially complement the growth defect of an HSV-1 (KOS) temperature-sensitive mutant, tsC7, in the DNA polymerase gene at the nonpermissive temperature.     

Expression cDNA cloning of a transforming gene encoding the wild-type G alpha 12 gene product.

Using an expression cDNA cloning approach, we examined human tumor cell lines for novel oncogenes that might evade detection by conventional techniques. We isolated a transforming sequence that was highly efficient in transforming NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. DNA sequence analysis identified the gene as the human homolog of a recently cloned alpha subunit of mouse GTP-binding protein G alpha 12. NIH 3T3 cells transfected with G alpha 12 cDNA grew in soft agar and were tumorigenic in nude mice. There were no apparent mutations in the cloned cDNA in comparison with a G alpha 12 cDNA clone isolated from a normal human epithelial cell library, implying that overexpression alone was sufficient to cause NIH 3T3 cell transformation. The observed altered growth properties mediated by G alpha 12 showed a certain degree of dependency on serum factors, and its mitogenic potential was also potently inhibited by suramin treatment.     

Genetic transfer of a functional human interferon alpha receptor into mouse cells: cloning and expression of its cDNA

A cDNA coding for the human interferon alpha receptor has been cloned using a gene transfer approach. This consists of transferring human DNA to mouse cells and selecting for cells sensitive to human interferon alpha. The transfected cells expressed the human interferon alpha receptor, and a 5 kb human DNA was isolated from a secondary transfectant. This DNA defects an mRNA present in human cells and was used to clone a 2.7 kb cDNA from a library constructed from human Daudi cells. The sequence of the cDNA is presented. It codes for a glycoprotein of 557 amino acids with an N-terminal hydrophobic region and a single transmembrane-spanning segment. Mouse cells expressing the cDNA become sensitive to the antiviral activity of and express binding sites for human interferon alpha, demonstrating that the cloned cDNA encodes a functional human interferon alpha receptor.     

一种小鼠可溶性Fas cDNA的克隆与表达

为获得调节鼠Fas Fas配体系统诱导凋亡的作用 ,根据GenBank中小鼠Fas基因碱基序列 ,设计扩增可溶性Fas(solubleFas ,sFas)引物 ,用RT PCR方法从幼鼠胸腺组织中克隆出与人可溶性Fas类似的新的鼠sFas (FasC)cDNA序列 .该序列缺乏Fas基因的跨膜区片段 ,但不改变其阅读框 .采用定向克隆的方法将之插入pUC19中间载体 ,DNA序列测定证实该片段序列与预期序列完全一致 .利用亚克隆的方法将鼠FasC的cDNA片段克隆到真核表达载体pCA13上 ,构建出重组载体pCA13 FasC ,通过脂质体LF2 0 0 0转染至 2 93细胞 .RT PCR和Western印迹证实 ,鼠FasC在 2 93细胞获得高效表达 .凋亡诱导实验表明 ,鼠FasC的表达可阻断Fas诱导凋亡的作用 ,证实了所转染鼠FasC的生物活性 .     

Molecular characterization of the interleukin-8 receptor

Recently a rabbit cDNA (F3R) was characterized as binding and causing calcium mobilization induced by the formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine peptide (fMLP). In the study reported here, cloned DNAs were isolated from rabbit genomic DNA by PCR based on the sequence of F3R. The cloned DNAs have several differences in the DNA sequence compared to the reported F3R sequence that alter the predicted protein sequence. COS-7 cells transfected with these clones in a mammalian expression vector bind human IL-8 with high affinity, but do not bind fMLP. We therefore believe that the cDNAs isolated encode the rabbit IL-8 receptor.     

小鼠一个新基因mLPTS的克隆、表达及亚细胞定位

利用EST拼接技术,RT－PCR及DNA序列测定,首次成功克隆了小鼠新基因mLPTS。获得的mLPTS基因片段长1244bp,编剧了一个由332个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。该蛋白质与人的LPTS蛋白有78％的同源性,LPTS基因是本实验室通过定位候选克隆策略获得的一个新的肝癌相关基因。它在肝癌组织中不表达或低表达,并参与细胞生长的负调控。小鼠mLPTS基因在小鼠的各个组织中都有表达,与人LPTS基因的表达组织分布相同。分析比较了LPTS蛋白在不同物种间的序列同源性,发现LPTS在进化上是高度保守的,是一个具有重要功能的基因。将mLPTS基因与绿色荧光蛋白EGFP融合构建真核表达载体,在中国仓鼠卵CHO细胞中表达,发现mLPTS基因表达产物位于细胞核仁中,为进一步研究该基因的功能及作用途径提供了重要信息。     

Inducer-responsive expression of the cloned human interferon beta 1 gene introduced into cultured mouse cells.

A hybrid plasmid was constructed from pSV2-Ecogpt (Mulligan and Berg, 1981) and the cloned 1.8 kilobase chromosomal DNA segment which contains the human interferon (HIFN-beta 1) gene and its flanking sequences. Cultured mouse FM3A cells were transfected by the hybrid plasmid and several Ecogpt+ clones were selected. Southern blot analysis of the DNA from these mouse cell clones showed that two of them contained a few copies of the 1.8 kilobase human DNA. Synthesis of mRNA characteristic of the HIFN-beta 1 mRNA increased as measured by RNA blot analysis when those clones were treated with Newcastle disease virus or with poly(I):poly(C). In addition, the induced mouse cell clones gave rise to the synthesis of human IFN-beta 1. These results suggest the presence of a unique nucleotide sequence in the 1.8 kilobase DNA which is sufficient for the inducer-responsive expression of the human IFN-beta 1 gene.     

人apoA-I分泌型表达调控细胞模型构建

分别从pMD18-T质粒和人基因组DNA扩增出人apoA-I CDS区序列和apoA-I启动子(702bp片段),与pEGFP-N1重组,构成受apoA-I启动子调控的pEGFP-N1质粒和融合蛋白表达质粒,分别转染人肝癌HepG2细胞,以绿色荧光为标志筛选稳定转染系列克隆。用RT-PCR、荧光显微镜、免疫荧光术等鉴定其中一个克隆融合蛋白的表达;分别以胰岛素和葡萄糖刺激物鉴定该克隆的外源apoA-I启动子调控。结果表明:人apoA-I分泌型表达调控肝细胞模型初步建成。     

ZNF268基因启动子区的克隆及功能分析

锌指基因家族是人体中最大的基因家族,它参与细胞分化、胚胎发育,并与许多疾病的发生相关。人类ZNF268基因是一个在人胚肝中特异性表达的C2H2型锌指基因,并可能在人的早期肝脏发育中起重要作用。为了研究ZNF268基因表达调控的分子机制,以正常人总基因组为模板PCR扩增了ZNF268基因的5′调控区2533bp片段,并将此片段插入启动子缺失的EGFP(增强型绿色荧光蛋白)载体构建了重组质粒pZNF268—EGFP。用脂质体介导的方法将pZNF268—EGFP转染NIH／3T3、COS7、K562、HeLa4个细胞系。在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察绿色荧光的表达,发现在每个细胞系中,转染了重组质粒pZNF268—EGFP的细胞均有荧光表达,但其起始表达时间均晚于转染了阳性对照质粒pEGFP—C1的细胞且荧光较弱。这表明ZNF268基因的5′调控区2．5kb片段是一个有功能的启动子,但该启动子与CMV启动子相比活性较弱。选择易培养的HeLa细胞系用于缺失研究。将一系列5′端—2456bp至—20bp缺失、3′端均为 77bp的缺失片段插入启动子缺失的CAT(氯酶素酰胺转移酶)载体构建了一系列重组质粒。将这些重组质粒转染HeLa细胞系进行缺失分析,并通过共转染pCMV—Sport—βgal质粒校正转染效率。结果表明,ZNF268启动子—2456～—1639bp区域可能含有正调控元件,—1244～—1013bp和—525～—156bp区域可能含有负调控元件,ZNF268启动子激活转录的一个重要区域位于—156～—20bp。     

LIM结构域蛋白FHL1C抑制Notch信号途径的转录激活研究

目的：克隆人表达FHL1C基因以及建立真核表达载体和慢病毒载体。方法：从人的骨骼肌细胞来源的cDNA中扩增并克隆人FHL1C基因的编码区,连接至pMD-18T载体酶切鉴定后测序。序列测定确认后,双酶切pMD18T-FHL1C回收片段,插入真核表达载体,构建真核表达载体pCMV-Myc-FHL1C酶切鉴定正确后,转染Hela细胞及Cos7细胞,用Western Blot检测其在转染细胞中的表达,用双荧光素报告基因系统检测其对Notch信号作用。构建FHL1C-IRES-GFP表达单元,建立慢病毒表达载体plen-ti6/V5-FHL1C-IRES-GFP,包装慢病毒后感染培养的细胞,用免疫荧光显微镜、Western Blot检测分析其在被感染的细胞中的表达。结果：通过PCR方法成功扩增了人FHL1C基因的编码区。通过转染Hela及Cos7细胞,使用Western Blot检测其蛋白水平表达,双荧光报告基因系统分析均能够下调激活的Notch信号。成功构建了FHL1C慢病毒表达载体pLenti6/V5-FHL1C-IRES-GFP,包装慢病毒,把获取的慢病毒感染细胞后通过荧光显微镜证实被感染的细胞绿色荧光蛋白正确表达,Western Blot检测证实其表达。结论：成功建立起FHL1C真核表达载体及慢病毒表达系统,为研究急性T淋巴细胞白血病与Notch信号转导通路之间的关系奠定了基础。