Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Restoration Ecology in Europe Krystyna M. Urbanska and Krystyna Grodzinskn, editors
Ecology and Management of Invasive Riverside Plants Louise C. de Wnal, Lois E. Child, P. Max Wnde, and Joint H. Brock, editors
Restoring Prairie Wetlands: An Ecological Approach Susan G. Galatowitsch and Arnold G. van der Valk     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Biotic Interactions and Global Change P. M. Kareiva, J. G., Kingsolver, and R. B. Huey, editors
Defining Sustainable Forests G.H. Aplet, N. Johnson, J. T. Olson, and V. A. Sample, editors     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Reintegrating Fragmented Landscapes towards Sustainable Production and Nature Conservation. R. J. Hobbs and D. A. Saunders. editors
Restoring Acid Waters: Loch Fleet 1984–1990. G. Howels, and T.R.K. Dalziel, editors     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
World Population and Future Resources. Paul K. Hatt, editor.
Four Thousand Million Mouths. F. Le Gros Clark and N. W. Pirie, editors
World Population Problems and Birth Control. C. G. Hartman et al.     

Adaptation of biological membranes to temperature: molecular species compositions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in mitochondrial and microsomal membranes of liver from thermally-acclimated rainbow trout

Summary Molecular species profiles were determined for both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of mitochondrial and microsomal membrane fractions from liver tissue of thermally-acclimated rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri. The predominant molecular species of PC were 16:0/22:6, 16:0/18:1, 16:0/20:3 and 16:0/22:5, whereas predominant molecular species of PE were 18:1/20:4, 14:0/16:0, 18:0/22:6 and 18:1/22:6. PE possessed short chain saturates (primarily 14:0/16:0) and monoenes (primarily 14:0/16:1) not present in PC and larger proportions of polyunsaturated (18:0/22:6, 18:0/22:5 and 18:1/22:6. and diunsaturated molecular species than PC. Differences between membrane fractions were most evident in warm (20°C)-acclimated trout. Mitochondria contained higher proportions of long-chain, polyunsaturated molecular species of PE, but less of the corresponding species of PC than other membrane fractions. Rankings based on unsaturation index were accordingly: mitochondria heavy microsomes>light microsomes for PE, but heavy microsomes>light microsomes>-mitochondria for PC. Mitochondria were notable for high proportions of diunsaturated molecular species of both phosphatides. Growth at cold temperatures (5°C) was generally associated with a replacement of shorter chain mono- and dienoic molecular species (16:0/18:1, 16:1/18:1, 14:0/16:2 and 18:1/18:1 in the case of PC and 14:0/16:1, 14:0/16:2 and 16:1/18:1 for PE), and occasionally saturates, with long-chain, polyunsaturated molecular species (for PC, C_36–38: 16:0/22:6, 16:1/22:6, 16:0/20:3 and 16:0/20:5; for PE, C_38–40: 18:1/20:4, 16:1/22:6, 18:0/20:5, 18:2/20:4, 18:0/22:5 and 18:0/22:6). However, compositions of mitochondrial PE and PC from heavy microsomes were not significantly influenced by acclimation temperature. The role of phospholipase A₂, in addition to other metabolic processes, in mediating these changes is discussed.Abbreviations ACL average chain length - UI unsaturation index     

Analyses of Pneumocystis Fatty Acids

The major ester-linked fatty acids of the total lipids extracted from Pneumocystis carinii isolated from the lungs of corticosteroid-trcaicd rats were 16:0. 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4. Others detected included 14:0, 16:1 and 22:4. The major sphingolipid fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0,22:0,24:0 and 24:1; others included 14:0, 18:1, 20:0, 23:0, 24:2 and 26:0. The total lipid fatty acid compositions of preparations from appropriate lung controls were similar to those of the organism.     

Comprehensive separation and identification of chemical constituents from Apocynum venetum leaves by high-performance counter-current chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

High-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was efficiently utilized for the separation and identification of the chemical components with a wide range of polarity from the mixed extract of Chinese medicinal herb Apocynum venetum. For HPCCC separation, four sets of solvent systems, n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (1.5:3.5:2:4.5, v:v:v:v), ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:2:5, v:v:v) and n-butanol-methanol-water (5:1:5, v:v:v) were used for the one-step separation by four stages. The HPCCC separation was initiated by filling the column with the lower phase of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (1.5:3.5:2:5, v:v:v:v) as a stationary phase followed by elution with the upper phase of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (1.5:3.5:2:5, v:v:v:v) to separate the hydrophobic compounds (tail to head). Then the mobile phase was switched to the upper phase of ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (5:3:7, v:v:v) to eluted the moderate hydrophobic compounds, then the mobile phase was switched to the upper phase of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:2:5, v:v:v) to eluted the moderate hydrophilic compounds, and finally the hydrophilic compounds still retained in the column was eluted by the upper phase of n-butanol-methanol-water (5:1:5, v:v:v). A total of 16 named compounds including adhyperforin, hyperforin, amentoflavone, biapigenin, quercetin, avicularin, acetylated isoquercetin, acetylated hyperoside, astragalin, trifolin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, querciturone, rutin, chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were successfully separated via the four sets of solvent systems in one step operation for 130 min. The compounds separated by HPCCC were identified by comparing with mixed standards data of HPLC-MS as well as NMR data.     

Composition and localization of lipids in Penaeus merguiensis ovaries during the ovarian maturation cycle as revealed by imaging mass spectrometry

Ovary maturation, oocyte differentiation, and embryonic development in shrimp are highly dependent on nutritional lipids taken up by female broodstocks. These lipids are important as energy sources as well as for cell signaling. In this study, we report on the compositions of major lipids, i.e. phosphatidylcholines (PCs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), and fatty acids (FAs), in the ovaries of the banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis, during ovarian maturation. Thin-layer chromatography analysis showed that the total PC and TAG signal intensities increased during ovarian maturation. Further, by using gas chromatography, we found that (1) FAs 14:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, and 22:6 proportionally increased as ovarian development progressed to more mature stages; (2) FAs 16:0, 18:0, 20:4, and 20:5 proportionally decreased; and (3) FAs 15:0, 17:0, and 20:2 remained unchanged. By using imaging mass spectrometry, we found that PC 16:0/16:1 and TAG 18:1/18:2/22:6 were detected in oocytes stages 1 and 2. PCs 16:1/20:4, 16:0/22:6, 18:3/22:6, 18:1/22:6, 20:5/22:6, and 22:6/22:6 and TAGs 16:0/16:1/18:3, 16:0/18:1/18:3, 16:0/18:1/18:1, and 16:0/18:2/22:6 were present in all stages of oocytes. In contrast, the PC- and TAG-associated FAs 20:4, 20:5, and 22:6 showed high signal intensities in stage 3 and 4 oocytes. These FAs may act as nutrition sources as well as signaling molecules for developing embryos and the hatching process. Knowledge of lipid compositions and localization could be helpful for formulating the diet for female broodstocks to promote fecundity and larval production.     

一种简便的肌醇磷脂微量分析方法

分析磷脂酰肌醇循环(PI cycle)的磷脂组分常采用双向薄层层析法．建立了一个简单快速的单向薄层层析分离肌醇磷脂方法．首先采用不同的有机溶剂体系分别提取非多磷酸肌醇磷脂和多磷酸肌醇磷脂,然后用不同的层析展开体系,对两部分磷脂进行单向薄层层析分离．采用无载体 ³²P标记实验对该方法分离效果进行了观察．此法适用于同位素标记和非标记样品中肌醇磷脂组分的比较分析及多磷酸肌醇磷脂的提取、纯化和定量．     

Fatty acid composition of diacyl, alkylacyl, and alkenylacyl phospholipids of control and arachidonate-depleted rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Phospholipid fatty acid composition and phospholipid subclass distribution of control and arachidonate-depleted rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were compared. The 20:4-depleted PMN contained significantly higher amounts of 16:1, 18:1 and 20:3 (delta 5,8,11) and lower amounts of 18:2 and 20:4 than the phospholipids from control cells. Choline-containing glycerophospholipids (CGP) were the major phospholipids of both control and 20:4-depleted cells representing 34% and 37% of the total phospholipids, respectively. Significant amounts of ethanolamine-containing glycerophospholipids (EGP) (29% and 30%) and sphingolipids (20% and 18%) were also present in both cell types. Serine-containing glycerophospholipids (SGP) together with inositol-containing glycerophospholipids (IGP) constituted 16% and 13% of the phospholipids in control and 20:4-depleted cells, respectively. CGP from control cells had significantly higher amounts of 16:0 and 18:2 and lower amounts of 18:0 and 20:4 than EGP, whereas CGP from 20:4-depleted cells has higher amounts of 16:0 and 16:1 and lower amounts of 20:3 than EGP. Analysis of the subclass composition of CGP and EGP revealed that both control and 20:4-depleted cells contained significantly large amounts of alkylacyl-GPC and alkenylacyl-GPE. Small amounts of alkylacyl-GPE and alkenylacyl-GPC were also observed. The predominant fatty acyl residues found in the 1,2-diacyl-GPC, alkylacyl-GPC of control cells were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4, while those of 20:4-depleted cells were 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, and 20:3. More than 60% of CGP-bound 20:4 of control cells and about 70% of the CGP-bound 20:3 of 20:4-depleted cells were found in their alkylacyl species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS

BOOKS: Driver , P. M. 1974. In search of the Eider. BOOKS: Farner , D. S. & King , J. R. (eds) & Parkes , K. C. (taxonomic editor). 1974. Avian biology, Vol. IV. BOOKS: Harris , M. 1974. A field guide to the birds of Galapagos. BOOKS: Inskipp , T. 1975. All heaven in a rage: a study into the importation of birds into the United Kingdom. Jackson , C. E. 1975. Bird illustrators. Some artists in early lithography. BOOKS: Kendeigh , S. C. & Pinowski , J. (eds). 1973. Productivity, population dynamics and systematics of granivorous birds. Proceedings of General Meeting of the Working Group on Granivorous Birds, IBP, PT Section, held in The Hague, 6–8 Sept. 1970. BOOKS: O'Connor , M. & Woodford , F. P. 1975. Writing scientific papers in English: an ELSE-Ciba Foundation guide for authors. BOOKS: Paynter , R. A., Jr. (ed.) 1974. Avian energetics. Publs Nuttall orn. Club, No. 15. BOOKS: Shuntov , V. P. 1974. Sea birds and the biological structure of the ocean. BOOKS: Woods , R. W. 1975. The birds of the Falkland Islands. BOOKS: Brown , L. H. 1973. Conservation for survival: Ethiopia's choice. BOOKS: Géroudet , P. 1974. Les passereaux. II. Des mésanges aux fauvettes. (Reprint of 2nd ed., 1963.) BOOKS: Regenstein , L. 1975. The politics of extinction. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Araujo , J., Rey , J. M., Landin , A. & Moreno , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Bengtson , S.-A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Clausager , I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Crockett , D. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Dean , W. R. J. 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RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Garzon Heydt , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Karlsson , B., Persson , B., Södergren , A. & Ulfstrand , S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Kumari , E. (ed.) 1974. Estonian wetlands and their life. Estonian Contrib. to IBP, No. 7. Acad. Sci. Estonian S.S.R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Jõgi , A. Present status of the Mute Swan in Estonia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Paakspuu , V. The Greylag Goose in Estonia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Mank , A. & Kallas , J. Nesting bird fauna in Käina Bay. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Kallas , J. Nesting ecology of the Avocet in Käina Bay. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Renno , O. Bird fauna of the West-Estonian fens and its variation during reclamation of fens. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Irdt , A. & Vilbaste , H. Bird fauna of the Nigula peat-bog. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Kumari , E. Past and present of the Peregrine Falcon in Estonia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Lloyd , C. S., Bibby , C. J. & Everett , M. J. T.R.B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Malayan Nature Society . 1974. A blueprint for conservation in Peninsular Malaysia. Malay. Nat. J. 27 RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Masatomi , H. & Kitagawa , T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Meyburg , B.-U. & Garzon Heydt , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Ogi , H. & Tsujita , T. 1973. Preliminary examination of stomach contents of murres (Uria spp.) from the eastern Bering Sea and Bristol Bay, June-August, 1970 and 1971. Jap. J. Ecol. 23: 201–209. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Owen , M. & Campbell , C. R. G. 1974. Recent studies on Barnacle Geese at Caerlaverock. Scott. Birds 8: 181–193. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Baldwin , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Bürkli , W., Juon , M. & Ruge , K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Collin , J. R. O. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Craig , A. J. F. K. Dowsett , R. J. 1975. How does the Skimmer wet its eggs? Bull. E. Africa nat. Hist. Soc. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Furness , R. W. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Furrer , R. K. George , N. J. 1973. Baya (Ploceus philippinus) feeding on frogs. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 70: 381–382. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Ghorpade , K. D RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Hamilton , R. B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Helle , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Hölzinger , J. 1975. (Behaviour and food basis of Little Ringed Plover in breeding grounds with and without water.) Orn. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Kunkel , P. 1974. Mating systems of tropical birds: The effects of weakness or absence of external reproduction-timing factors with special reference to prolonged pair bonds. Z. Tierpsychol. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Jensen , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Johnson , D. N. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Maclean , G. L. 1974. Egg-covering in the Charadrii. Ostrich 45: 167–174. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Meyer -Holzapfel , M. & Räber , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Milstein , P. Le S. & Hunter , H. C RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Mueller , H. C RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Pecotich , L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Preiss , H.-J. & Franck , D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Reynolds , J. F. Roth , P. & Nievergelt , B. 1975. Die Standorte der Balzplätze beim Auerhuhn Tetrao urogallus. Orn. Beob. 72: 101–112. (English summary.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Sherrod , L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Stamm , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Weeks , S. E. 1973. The behaviour of the Red-winged Tinamou, Rhynchotus rufescens. Zoologica, N.Y. 58: 13–40. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Weir , D. & Picozzi , N. 1975. Aspects of social behaviour in the Buzzard. Br. Birds 68: 125–141. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: nzenberger , G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Baptista , L. F. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Fry , C. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Grimes , L. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Hopkins , C. D., Rossetto , M. & Lutjen , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Ruge , K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGBackhurst , G. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Bergman , G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Bernis , F. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Blokpoel , H. & Gauthier , M. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Broekhuysen , G. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Elliott , C. C. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Gavrilov , V. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Keeton , W. T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Meltofte , H. & Kiørboe , T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Mendelsohn , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Møller , A. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Petersen , F. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rabøl , J. 1973. Orientation experiments with Whitethroats Sylvia communis and Lesser White throats Sylvia curruca. Dansk orn Foren. Tidsskr. 67: 85–94. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rabøl , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rinne , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Schüz , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Tyrväinen , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Weitnauer , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Wells , D. R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Wood , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Bährmann , U. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Bulatova , N. S. & Radjabli , S. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Deng Qi -Hsiang . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dolnik , T. V. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dolnik , V. R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dowsett , R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dzerzhinsky , F. J. & Potapova , E. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Eck , S. & Geidel , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Galkina , V. N. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Ilyichev , V. D., Bogoslovskaja , L. S. & Barsova , L. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Iordansky , N. N. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Joubert , C. S. W. & Maclean , G. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: O'Donald , P., Davis , J. W. F. & Broad , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Sutter , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Wilson , D. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Wolters , H. E. & Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Bourne , W. R. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Brion , A. & Vacher , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Dahlgren , R. B., Trautman , C. G. & Parikh , G. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Heerden , J. van . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Macdonald , J. W. & Gush , G. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Mc Groarty , D. L. & Dobson , R. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Maclean , G. L., Gous , R. M. & Bosman , T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Ahlquist , J. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Amstutz , J. B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Ash , J. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W., Beamish , H. H., Jouanin , C., Salvan , J. & Watson , G. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Elliott , H. F. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Irwin , M. P. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Irwin , M. P. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Bochénski , Z. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brown , L. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Cave , F. O. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Cheng Tso -Hsin . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Dean , F. C. & Chesemore , D. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Delacour , J. & Ripley , S. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Desfayes , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Eck , S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Erard , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Frost , P. G. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Gaffiero , J. V. & Borg , S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Hubbard , J. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Hutson , A. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Irwin , M. P. S. & Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Isleib , M. E. P. & Kessel , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Jackson , H. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Känel , A. von . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Kemp , A. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Kistchinski , A. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Novaes , F. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Peking Inst . Zool ., South Sea Marine Inst . & Peking Nat . Hist . Mus . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Peng Yen -Chang et al. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Pinto , A. A. da R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Pitelka , F. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Prigogine , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Short , L. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sibley , C. G., Corbin , K. W., Ahlquist , J. E. & Ferguson , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sibley , C. G. & Ahlquist , J. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sultana , J. & Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sultana , J. & Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Urban , E. K. & Jefford , T. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Vernon , C. J. & Dean , W. R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Winterbottom , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Winterbottom , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Wood , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Zahavi , A. & Dudai , R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Dennis , R. H. & Wallace , D. I. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Hume , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Krechmar , A. V. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Lavrovsky , V. V. & Priklonsky , S. G, RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Mead , C. J. & Pepler , G. R. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Ogilvie , M. A. & Wallace , D. I. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Pettet , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Radke , W. J. & Frydendall , M. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Reid , W. S., Buckley , D. J., Hunt , J. R. & Price , K.     

Studies on molecular species of choline glycerophospholipids of developing rat brain.

The chronological changes in molecular species of choline glycerophospholipids were studied for cerebra of 17-, 19- and 21-day-old rat fetuses, and 3-, 6-, 12-, 24- and 90-day-old rats. The molecular species found by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and selected ion retrieval technique were phosphatidylcholines of '30 : 0, 32 : 0, 32 : 1, 34 : 0, 34 : 1, 34 : 2, 36 : 0, 36 : 1, 36 : 2, 36 : 3, and 36 : 4' where the larger number indicates the sum of chain lengths on positions C-1 and C-2; the smaller number is the total number of double bonds. Of these molecular species, '32 : 0' (mainly 16 : 0/16 : 0, dipalmitoyl glycerophosphorylcholine), '34 : 1' (mainly 16 : 0/18 : 1, palmitoyloleoyl glycerophosphorylcholine), '34 : 0' (16 : 0/18 : 0, palmitoylstearoyl glycerophosphorylcholine), '32 : 1' (mainly 16 : 0/16 : 1, palmitoylpalmitoleoyl glycerophosphorylcholine and '30 : 0' (14 : 0/16 : 0, myristoylpalmitoyl glycerophosphorylcholine) were main species. The '32 : 0' species increased to about 44% at around the 10th day and thereafter remained nearly constant. '34 : 1' and '34 : 0' decreased to about 17 and 6% at that time and then increased to about 30 and 14%, respectively. '30 : 0' increased from last stage of gestation to the 6th day and then decreased. '32 : 1' was about 16% for 17-day-old fetus and decreased grandually. '36 : 1' (18 : 0/18 : 1, stearoyloleoyl glycerophosphorylcholine) increased at the latter part of development.     

Miscibility properties of binary phosphatidylcholine mixtures. A calorimetric study.

From data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry phase diagrams were constructed, using a thermodynamically based fitting method. The following binary mixtures of phosphatidylcholines in water were studied: 14:0/14:0-glycerophosphocholine/16:0/16:0-glucerophosphocholine, 14:0/14:0-glycerophosphocholine/18:0/18:0-glycerophosphocholine, 12:0/12:0-glycerophosphocholine/16:0/16:0-glycerophosphocholine, 18:1t/18:1t-glycerophosphocholine/14:0/14:0-glycerophosphocholine and 18:1t/18:1t-glycerophosphocholine/16:0/16:0-glycerophosphocholine. A comparison is made of the present results with those obtained using probe techniques and the differences are discussed.     

The influence of N-glycosylation and C-terminal sequence on secretion of HBV large surface antigen from S. cerevisiae

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we synthesized and secreted L-HBVsAg (named as pre-S(Met1 to Asn174)::S(Met175 to Ile400)) and three mutants, i.e., pre-S degree degree::S (Asn15Gln and Asn123Gln), pre-S degree degree::S degree (Asn15Gln, Asn123Gln, and Asn320Gln), and pre-S degree degree::S degree degree (Asn15Gln, Asn123Gln, Asn233Gln, and Asn320Gln). All of the secreted pre-S::S was N-glycosylated, i.e., hyper-mannosylated. In the secretion of pre-S degree degree::S and pre-S degree degree::S degree, besides the hyper-mannosylated form, another immunoreactive protein with much lower molecular mass was observed, which seems to be unglycosylated form of pre-S degree degree::S and pre-S degree degree::S degree. Only a part of the secreted pre-S degree degree::S or pre-S degree degree::S degree molecules was N-glycosylated, and the site for the partial N-glycosylation seems to be Asn233 in S-antigen region. Compared to the N-glycosylated pre-S degree degree::S and pre-S degree degree::S degree, pre-S degree degree::S degree degree (non-N-glycosylated mutant) was secreted with lower secretion efficiency but showed apparent immunoreactivity to anti-S antigen monoclonal Ab. Interestingly, unlike pre-S degree degree::S degree degree with authentic C-terminus, the recombinant pre-S degree degree::S degree degree with C-terminal myc or poly-histidine tag (pre-S degree degree::S degree degree::tag) was almost all aggregated into insoluble proteins in the intracellular region. Conclusively, the C-terminal sequence and glycosylation in S-antigen region seem to be of crucial importance in determining the secretion efficiency of L-HBVsAg in S. cerevisiae.     

Characterization of heparin oligosaccharides binding specifically to antithrombin III using mass spectrometry

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan attached to a core protein on the cell surface. Protein binding to cell surface HS is a key regulatory event for many cellular processes such as blood coagulation, cell proliferation, and migration. The concept whereby protein binding to HS is not random but requires a limited number of sulfation patterns is becoming clear. Here we describe a hydrophobic trapping assay for screening a library of heparin hexasaccharides for binders to antithrombin III (ATIII). The hexasaccharide compositions are defined with their building block content in the following format: (DeltaHexA:HexA:GlcN:SO 3:Ac). Of five initial compositions present in the library, (1:2:3:6:1), (1:2:3:7:1), (1:2:3:7:0), (1:2:3:8:0), and (1:2:3:9:0), only two are shown to bind ATIII, namely, (1:2:3:8:0) and (1:2:3:9:0). The use of amide hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry permitted reproducible quantitative analysis of the composition of the initial library as well as that of the binding fraction. The specificity of the hexasaccharides binding ATIII was confirmed by assaying their ability to enhance ATIII-mediated inhibition of Factor Xa in vitro.     

THE GROWTH OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA PERS., FUSARIUM CAERULEUM (LIB.) SACC., AND PHOMA FOVEATA FOISTER IN THE PRESENCE OF TETRACHLORONITROBENZENE ISOMERS

The linear growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium caeruleum and Phoma foveata in culture was reduced in the presence of vapour from any of the three isomers of tetrachloronitrobenzene. The isomers were fungistatic but not fungicidal.
Differences in activity were observed amongst the isomers. The 2:3:4:6 isomer was the most active against all three test fungi. 2:3:5:6-TCNB (tecnazene) was more active than 2:3:4:5-TCNB against Botrytis cinerea , but less active against Fusarium caeruleum and Phoma foveata . Two strains of Fusarium caeruleum resistant to the 2:3:5:6 isomer were not resistant to the other two isomers, although they were more resistant than their 2:3:5:6-TCNB sensitive parent strains.
Sporulation and sclerotial production by Botrytis cinerea were completely suppressed by 2:3:5:6-TCNB and 2:3:4:6-TCNB but not by the 2:3:4:5: isomer.     

Hippocampal lipids linked to spatial memory in the C57BL/6J mouse

Although the role of individual brain lipids for learning and memory has been reported, no systematic approach associating brain lipids with spatial memory has been carried out. It was therefore the aim of the study to determine brain lipids in hippocampus of mice forming and yoked controls that did not form spatial memory using the probe trial as the endpoint. 10 animals were trained in the Morris water maze (MWM) and 10 mice were serving as yoked controls i.e. no platform was used during the whole experiment. Hippocampal tissue lipids were extracted and data were acquired with Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LTQ-FT) coupled to HPLC. Glycerophosphatidylethanolamines (18:0/22:6, 18:0/20:4 and 18:1/18:1), plasmalogens (16:0-10/22:6 and 18:0-10/22:6) and ceramides (18:0) showed higher levels in the trained group, while glycerolysophosphatidylcholines (16:0, 18:1, 18:0, 20:4), sphingomyelins (16:0, 24:1), ether linked glycerophosphatidylcholines (16:0-10/18:0), glycerophosphatidylcholines (16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:0, 18:0/18:1, 38:7, 18:1/20:1, 20:4/20:4, 22:1/18:1, 22:0/18:1, 20:4/22:6, 22:6/22:6), glucosylceramide (24:1) and plasmalogen (18:0-10/20:1) revealed lower levels in the trained group. Decreased levels of certain species of lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, plasmenylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, glycosylceramide and plasmalogen at the probe trial for spatial memory may indicate catabolism in terms of consumption during this process. Increased hippocampal levels of long chain highly unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines, plasmalogens and ceramides may reflect increased synthesis or decreased degradation at the endpoint of memory testing, probably representing interactions in the brain lipid pathways. The study shows pathways involved in spatial memory, may propose the use of individual brain lipids as probable cognitive enhancers and forms the basis for further studies on the role of brain lipids per se.     

Double bond localization in minor homoallylic fatty acid methyl esters using acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Double bond position in natural fatty acids is critical to biochemical properties, however, common instrument-based methods cannot locate double bonds in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), the predominant analysis form of fatty acids. A recently described mass spectrometry (MS) method for locating double bonds in FAME is reported here for the analysis of minor (<1%) components of real FAME mixtures derived from three natural sources; golden algae (Schizochytrium sp.), primate brain white matter, and transgenic mouse liver. Acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem MS was used to determine double bond positions in 39 FAME, most at concentrations well below 1% of all fatty acid methyl esters. FAME identified in golden algae are 14:1n-6, 14:3n-3, 16:1n-7, 16:2n-6, 16:3n-6, 16:3n-3, 16:4n-3, 18:2n-7, 18:3n-7, 18:3n-8, 18:4n-3, 18:4n-5, 20:3n-7, 20:4n-3, 20:4n-5, 20:4n-7, 20:5n-3, and 22:4n-9. Additional FAME identified in primate brain white matter are 20:1n-7, 20:1n-9, 20:2n-7, 20:2n-9, 22:1n-7, 22:1n-9, 22:1n-13, 22:2n-6, 22:2n-7, 22:2n-9, 22:3n-6, 22:3n-7, 22:3n-9, 22:4n-6, 24:1n-7, 24:1n-9, and 24:4n-6. Additional FAME identified in mouse liver are 26:5n-6, 26:6n-3, 28:5n-6, and 28:6n-3. The primate brain 22:3n-7 and algae 18:4n-5 are novel fatty acids. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the technique for analysis of real samples. Tables are presented to aid in interpretation of acetonitrile CIMS/MS spectra.     

HLA genetic profile of Mapuche (Araucanian) Amerindians from Chile

Amerindian Mapuche (Araucanians) are now living in Chile and Argentina at both sides of Andean Mountains. They are anthropologically and genetically different from southernmost South America Patagonian Amerindians. Most of the HLA alleles found in our Mapuche sample are frequent or very frequent in North and South America Amerindians: (1) Class I: A*02:01, A*03:01, A*68:01, B*39:09, B*51:01, (2) Class II: DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:02, DRB1*14:02, DRB1*16:02. One of the nine most frequent extended haplotypes seems to be from European origin, suggesting the existence of a degree of admixture with Europeans in our Mapuche sample. It has been calculated of about 11 % admixture. Three of the extended haplotypes are also found in other Amerindians and five of them are newly found in Mapuche Amerindians: A*68:01-B*39:09-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02; A*68:01-B*51:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*29:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01; A*02:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*33:01-B*14:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03. The medical importance of calculating HLA profile is discussed on the diagnostic (HLA and disease) and therapeutical bases of HLA pharmacogenomics and on the construction of a virtual transplantation HLA list profile. Also, anthropological conclusions are drawn.     

Hormone interactions and regulation of PsPK2::GUS compared with DR5::GUS and PID::GUS in Arabidopsis thaliana

The putative pea PINOID homolog, PsPK2, is expressed in all growing plant parts and is positively regulated by auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin. Here, we studied hormonal regulation of PsPK2::GUS expression compared with DR5::GUS and PID::GUS in Arabidopsis. PsPK2::GUS, DR5::GUS, and PID::GUS expression in Arabidopsis shoots is mainly localized in the stipules, hydathodes, veins, developing leaves, and cotyledons. Unlike DR5::GUS, PsPK2::GUS, and PID::GUS are weakly expressed in root tips. Both DR5::GUS and PsPK2::GUS are induced by different auxins and are more sensitive to methyl indole acetic acid, 4-chloro-indole acetic acid, and α-naphthalene acetic acid than others. GA(3) has no significant effect on GUS activity in DR5::GUS-transformed seedlings compared to the control, but induction by auxin and gibberellin in combination is synergistic. Cytokinin increases auxin transport in Arabidopsis seedlings. Auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin all increase GUS activity in shoots of PsPK2::GUS transformed plants compared to the control. However, only auxin and gibberellin increase GUS activity in PID::GUS shoots. In conclusion, auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin positively regulate PsPK2 expression in shoots, but not in roots. Auxin and gibberellin also upregulate AtPIN1 and LEAFY expression, which is similar to PsPIN1 and Uni in pea. With minor exceptions, the orthologous genes from both species are regulated similarly.