Paradiaptomus peninsularis, P. hameri and P. warreni, three new species of Paradiaptomus (Calanoida: Diaptomidae) from South Africa

Three new species of Paradiaptomus from southern Africa are described, Paradiaptomus peninsularis, P. hameri and P. warreni. Paradiaptomus peninsularis occurs in temporary blackwater pools on the peninsula of the Western Cape province, P. hameri in saline pools in the Western Cape province and P. warreni in mountain tarns in the Drakensberg Range in Kwazulu Natal and Lesotho. The genus Paradiaptomus was first established by Sars (1895) for Paradiaptomus lamellatus. There are five described species of Paradiaptomus endemic to Africa ( lamellatus, schultzei, similis, natalensis and rex) and P. greeni from India and Sri Lanka. The three new species have highly-weighted morphological characters which set them apart from each other and from any of the described species of Paradiaptomus.     

Key to the New Zealand species of Psyllaephagus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with descriptions of three new species and a new record of the psyllid hyperparasitoid Coccidoctonus psyllae Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Abstract  This paper records seven species of wasps in the genus Psyllaephagus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from New Zealand. All of these species are primary parasitoids of psylloids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Two are species previously described from New Zealand: P. acaciae Noyes and P. pilosus Noyes. Two are described Australian species which have established recently: P. bliteus Riek and P. gemitus Riek. Three new species are described here, from New Zealand: P. breviramus sp. nov., P. cornwallensis sp. nov. and P. richardhenryi sp. nov. All species are probably Australian in origin. A key to all seven Psyllaephagus species known from New Zealand is provided. An earlier first record of the Australian psyllid hyperparasitoid Coccidoctonus psyllae Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), previously first recorded from New Zealand in 2006, is noted.     

Revision of the Genera Apicalia A. Adams and Stilapex lredale and Description of Two New Genera (Mollusca, Prosobranchia, Eulimidae)

All species that have been described in Apicalia , except the type-species, are transferred to other eulimid genera. Three species earlier included in other genera and four new species are placed in Apicalia , viz. A. angulata sp.n. A, cicatricosa sp.n. A. echinasteri sp.n. (all three Queensland), and A. habei sp.n. (Japan). Those of which the hosts are known are all ectoparasites of asteroids. Two of the seven species previously included in Stilapex are excluded and four species earlier placed in other genera are transferred to Stilapex . The members of the latter genus are parasites of ophiuroids. Tropiometricola gen.n. is erected to include Stilifer sphaeroconcha Habe, a crinoid parasite. Parvioris gen.n. is described with Eulima fulvescens A. Adams as type species. A list of species described in eulimid genera and fitting Parvioris is given. P. australiensis sp.n. (W. Australia), P. blakeae sp.n. (Mauritius), P. mortoni sp.n. (Hong Kong), and P. noumeae sp.n. (New Caledonia) are described. Those species of which the host is known, are all ectoparasites of starfishes.     

Redescription of Pennella sagitta (Copepoda: Pennellidae) from Histrio histrio (Pisces) in the North-west Atlantic Ocean with a provisional review of the genus Pennella

Pennella sagitta (L.) is redescribed from fresh specimens recovered from Histrio histrio (L.) and from material in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution. A small, delicate parasitic copepod, P. sagitta is shown to be a valid species, found only on fishes of the family Antennariidae. Attempts of earlier workers to synonymize P. diodontis with P. sagitta are rejected, and the distinguishing features of both species are presented. A neotype is proposed from material described herein, due to a lack of the original holotype. A provisional review of the genus Pennella Oken, 1816 is provided, and the taxonomic status of 31 species is discussed. Pennella exocoetus is described from material in museum collections. Seven species, P. balaenoptera, P. diodontis, P. exocoetus, P.filosa, P. instructa, P. makaira and P. sagitta are considered as valid members of the genus. The remaining species are reduced to synonymy with valid species or accorded the status of species inquirendae.     

Aeolid opisthobranch molluscs (Glaucidae) from the Indian Ocean and the south-west Pacific

Eight aeolid opisthobranch molluscs of the subfamilies Facelininae, Favorininae, and Herviellinae are reported from Tanzanian waters, and two species from Northwestern India. New records from Queensland, Australia greatly extend the range of two species reported from Tanzania. Phidiana militaris (Alder & Hancock) and P. indica (Bergh) are shown to be distinct and a species from New Zealand, originally identified as P. militaris , is shown to be new. P. bourailli (Risbec), previously reported only from New Caledonia, is described from Tanzania, as is a new species of Phidiana. Favorinus japonicus Baba is reported from Tanzania, the first published record outside Japan, a new species of Godiva is described from Tanzania and Queensland, and three new species of Sakuraeolis are described, one from India and two from Tanzania. A new species of Herviella is described from Tanzania.     

Description of Pintomyia limafalcaoae and Pintomyia antioquiensis,two new species of phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera,Psychodidae) from the Colombian Andes

Two new species of phlebotomine sand fly from Colombian Andes are described, belonging to the subgenus Pifanomyia of the genus Pintomyia. P. (P.) limafalcaoae sp. nov. for which both sexes are described, is assigned to the series pia while P. (P.) antioquiensis sp. nov., known only from the male, is included in the series verrucarum. The subgenus Pifanomyia is characterized and identification keys presented for the two new species.     

中国拟毛蚁属分类研究（膜翅目：蚁科）

在中国已记载拟毛蚁属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｌａｓｉｕｓ Ｅｍｅｒｙ昆虫８种１亚种,其中２个根据雌蚁描述的种Ｐ．ｈｍｍｅｌｉ Ｓｔｉｔｚ和Ｐ。．ｓａｕｔｅｒｉ Ｆｏｒｅｌ的地位有待确认,亚种Ｐ．ｂｉｎｇｈａｍｉ ｔａｉｖａｎａｅ Ｆｏｒｅｌdisplay structure     

中国多毛腺水螨亚属两新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,水螨群,腺水螨科)

记述了中国腺水螨科Lebertiidae腺水螨属Lebertia腺水螨亚属Pilolebertia两新种拟刷毛腺水螨Lebertia(Pilole-bertia)pseudociliata sp.nov.和蓖齿毛腺水螨Lebertia( Pilolebertia)pectinata sp.nov.前者体壁具细致刻纹,E1具2毛状表皮突,P-Ⅱ腹毛长以及EpⅣ侧缘弧形等特征将之与其他种明显区分开;后者体壁具细致刻纹和具缘毛的P-Ⅱ腹毛可以将之与其他种类明显区分.文中对其腺毛和眼毛的体位特征做了详细描述.     

侧织蛾属在中国首次报道及一新种记述（鳞翅目：织蛾科）

首次报道了侧织蛾属Pleurota Hübner在中国的分布,并记述一新种齿侧织蛾Pleurota dentata Wang et Li,该种采自新疆,与Pleurota rostrella Hübner相似,但可通过雄性外生殖器与之区别：新种阳茎基环基部向前缘明显渐窄,端部不膨大;阳茎基部和端部略宽于中部,基部1/3处弯,中部一侧具齿。同时报道了二中国新记录种：钝侧织蛾Pleurota obtusella Robel,分布于新疆和俄罗斯;考侧织蛾Pleurota kostjuki Lvovsky,分布于新疆和俄罗斯。文中提供了雌雄外生殖器特征图,给出了中国已知种的检索表。研究标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

腐霉属的一个新种和二个新记录

本文报告作者1982—1983年在北京和广东一些地区土壤中用已知方法(余永年,1975)分离到的几种腐霉,其中1个新种(Pythium borealis sp.nov.)、2个国内未报道的种(P.oligandrum和P.myriotylum)和1个已知种的变异株(P.ultimum variant)。文中对以上各菌进行了形态学描述。     

Austro-oriental genus Parabaliothrips Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with a new Australian species forming male aggregations

A second Australian species of Parabaliothrips Priesner is described, P. newmani , forming male aggregations on the leaf buds of Moreton Bay fig, Ficus macrophylla (Moraceae). The genus, predominantly south-east Asian, is redefined and a key provided to the five described species. Members of this genus feed on leaves across a wide range of plant families, although each species is host specific. The host plant of the previously known Australian species, P. setifer Karny, is newly recognised as Leucopogon lanceolatus (Epacridaceae), and different south-east Asian species are associated with species of Betulaceae, Hamamelidaceae and Fagaceae.     

Petraliellidae Harmer, 1957 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Queensland,Australia

Several species of the family Petraliellidae were first described from the coast of Queensland, including the type species of Sinupetraliella, S. litoralis. These species are redescribed from type, or topotype specimens, and include Petraliella concinna, which has not been certainly found since its introduction in 1891; lectotype material is designated for P. buski and P. magna. Six other species are described from Queensland, P. crassocirca, P. dentilabris, P. dorsiporosa, Mucropetraliella bennetti, M. serrata and M. tuberosa. The species Mucropetraliella tuberosa is a new addition to the Queensland fauna and is described and illustrated here for the first time since its introduction in 1884. The characters of the family Petraliellidae are briefly discussed and the genera to which the Queensland species are assigned is reviewed. A taxonomic key to the ten Queensland petraliellid species described is also provided.     

Revision of the lygaeid genera Porta and Primierus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with the description of a new genus of Ozophorini from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera)

Abstract. The lygaeid genera Porta Distant and Primierus Distant are revised and placed in the tribe Ozophorini. A key to all species is included. Phylogenetic relationships are discussed and a cladogram constructed. The following new species are described: Porta illustris (Philippines); P.longipes (Sabah), Primierus quadrispinosus (Sarawak, Sabah, Malaya), P.venustus (Sabah), and P.longirostris (Thailand). Gressittocoris intimidator is described as a new genus and species of Ozophorini from Papua New Guinea. Porta gracilis Distant is reported from Sabah, Sumatra and Thailand for the first time and records of P.gracilis from the Philippines are referred to Porta illustris sp.n. Illustrations include details of the genitalia and dorsal views of Primierus quadrispinosus, P.longirostris and Gressittocoris intimidator.     

A revision of the Paeonia suffruticosa complex (Paeoniaceae)

The taxonomical concept of the Paeonia suffruticosa complex i.e. Sect. Moutan Subsect. Vaginatae, has changed greatly since 1990. Six species and four subspecies have been described as new and two subspecies raised to specific level. Five species and two subspecies are recognized in the present revision, viz. P. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa and subsp. yinpingmudan, P. jishanensis, P. qiui, P. ostii, P. rockii subsp. rockii and subsp. taibaishanica. P. yananensis, P. ridleyi, P. spontanea, P. moutan subsp. atava, P. suffruticosa subsp. atava, P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii and P. ostii var. lishizhenii are treated as synonyms. P. papaveracea and P. baokangensis are proposed to be interspecific hybrids. A key to the recognized species and subspecies is provided. Biological features of the species are described and their distributions are mapped. The relationships between species are inferred and the origins of commonly cultivated tree peonies ( P. suffruticosa and P. ostii ) are discussed.     

Sympatric cryptic species in New Zealand Onychophora

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to examine genetic diversity within live-bearing Peripatopsid Onychophora from the North Island of New Zealand. Specimens of two previously described morpho-species that differ in leg number (Peripatoides suteri and P. novaezealandiae) were found to be genetically diverse. P. suteri showed little intraspecific genetic variation but were very distinct from specimens assignable to P. novaezealandiae. Within P. novaezealandiae five genetically differentiated species were identified although none showed any consistent morphological differentiation, thus P. novaezealandiae (Hutton) is a species complex. All of these species occur in sympatry or parapatry (in one instance) with other cryptic species of the P. novaezealandiae group or with P. suteri. Four new species are described on the basis of this genetic evidence, they are P. morgani, P. aurorbis, P. kawekaensis and P. sympatrica. Other genotypes encountered indicate further cryptic species remain unrecognized. Among the North Island species, P. suteri and P. aurorbis sp. nov. are both more closely related to undescribed species from the South Island than to others examined from the North Island. P. sympatrica sp. nov. exists in sympatry with at least three other species in different parts of its range. The complexity of relationships and distributions probably arose through the interaction of low vagility in peripatus and the active geophysical history of the region. How these cryptic species persist in sympatry is not known but may be linked to differences in ecology not evident in their morphology, and/or may indicate recent dispersal from allopatry.     

中国绿刺蛾属的新种和新纪录种(鳞翅目,刺蛾科)

记述中国绿刺蛾属Parasa Moore 2新种:镇雄绿刺蛾P.zhenxiongica sp.nov.和西藏绿刺蛾P.xizangensis sp.nov.及3中国新纪录种:同宗绿刺蛾P.gentiles(Snellen)、缅媚绿刺蛾P.kalawensis Orhant和榴绿刺蛾P.punica (Herrich-Schaffer).另外,对中国绿刺蛾P.sinica Moore、双齿绿刺蛾P.hilarata(Staudinger)和青绿刺蛾P.hilarula (Staudinger)的混淆与误定进行了更正.提供了它们的成虫彩色照片和新种的外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PROTOSTELIUM

Three new species of Protostelium (Order Protostelida of the Mycetozoa) are described: P. irregularis, P. zonatura, and P. pyriformis, all with rather wide distribution and occurring on dead attached plant parts, less often in soil and humus. The latter two species differ from the first and from the other two known species, P. mycophaga Olive and Stoianovitch and P. arachisporum Olive, in the endogenous origin of the stalk. P. mycophaga var. crassipes, with vesicular stalk bases, is the third variety of that species to be described. A key to the genus is included.     

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Potamotrygonocotyle Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981 (Monogenoidea: Monocotylidae) with a description of four new species

The marine-derived stingrays of Potamotrygonidae, endemic to South American river systems, host an interesting parasite fauna equally related to marine lineages. Among those lineages, the diversity and phylogenetic relationships within Potamotrygonocotyle - a monocotylid monogenoidean specific to potamotrygonids - are poorly known, since 9 of 10 species attributed to this genus have been described in the past 3 years. Here, we readdress the diversity of Potamotrygonocotyle after examining the gills of 436 potamotrygonid individuals representing 12 described and 14 potentially undescribed species of freshwater stingrays from 19 major river systems of South America (i.e. sub-basins). We recognized 12 valid species within the parasite genus, of which four are described in this study. Our taxonomic decisions were based on the phylogenetic analysis of 14 ingroup terminal taxa and 12 morphological characters, which resulted in the following hypothesis of sister-group relationships: ((P. dromedarius, P. tatianae sp. nov.), (P. rionegrense, P. auriculocotyle sp. nov., ((P. quadracotyle, P. umbella), (P. septemcotyle sp. nov., (P. chisholmae, P. uruguayense)), (P. tsalickisi, P. eurypotamoxenus, P. rarum, (P. tocantinsense sp. nov., P. aramasae))))). According to our hypothesis, the absence of autapomorphic features for some nominal species, and the re-evaluation of morphological variation among populations, led us to consider P. eurypotamoxenus and P. uruguayense as junior synonymys of P. tsalicksi and P. chisholmae, respectively. Finally, we address the importance of biogeographic and host representation, in order to fully understand the patterns of morphological variation and host specificity within this group. We found that hypotheses of species delimitation depend greatly on efforts to sample specimens throughout its distributional range and that host specificity within this genus varies dramatically among lineages.     

吉林省针层孔属的初步研究

本文报道了吉林省针层孔属(Phellinus)的21种,其中新种2个:丁香针层孔(P.syringeus Zeng sp.nov.);硬盖针层孔(P.scleropilcatus Zeng sp.nov.);国内新纪录种3个(并一种为新组合):黄肉针层孔[P.rhabarbarinus(Berk.)Cunningh.];厚黑针层孔[P.euerhartii(Ell.&Gall)Ames];粗糙针层孔[P.rudis(Berk.)Zeng comb.nov.]。